scholarly journals Potable Water Hygiene from the Stagnation of Water Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
Jana Peráčková ◽  
Dominika Juhošová
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Stagnation Point ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Water Point ◽  
Definition Of

Potable and hygienically suitable water supply is important for both residential and commercial buildings. The contribution focuses on potable water hygiene and quality from the water stagnation point of view. Stagnation of water is very dangerous phenomena because it causes the change in water quality. Proper routing and arrangement of cold and hot water pipes can significantly reduce the risk of water stagnation. In the paper, the classical trunk-and-branch installation system with the hygienically more suitable alternatives are compared. The paper also provides the definition of potable water, basic factors affecting its quality and basic rules for its control.

Managing the risks and responsibilities of resource companies providing potable water

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Chris Hewitson ◽  
Eva Dec ◽  
Tony Lines
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
The Impact

This peer-reviewed paper examines the risks and responsibilities of water providers and the process resource companies should undertake to document how they will deliver a safe and secure water supply to their employees and contractors, and the communities in which they operate, thereby reducing the risks of water quality incidents and managing the impact to the organisation should an incident occur. Water quality incidents can have major impacts to human health and the brand perception of the resource company supplying the water, and can potentially shutdown resource abstraction. Resource companies have a duty of care to provide a secure and safe drinking water supply. This is reinforced by state health departments directing resource organisations to comply with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG), which were updated in 2011 (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2011). Organisations in the CSG industry experience an additional challenge—managing water by-product from gas extraction. There are drivers for the beneficial use of this water—including irrigation, aquifer recharge and municipal supply—resulting in changes to legislation in Queensland (DERM, 2010) that require a process similar to ADWG recommendations, where beneficial use or disposal may impact potable supplies. The ADWG provides clear guidance to potable water providers—whether they are supplying a few consumers or major towns requiring a Drinking Water Quality Management System (DWQM System). This guidance includes documenting a clear process to securing a clean water source, making the water safe to consume and proving it is safe. Developing a DWQM System enables resource companies to understand issues in supplying drinking water through regular review and improvement, while minimising and managing the health risks to consumers.

The Relationship between Water-Related Disease and Water Quality with Particular Reference to Urban Water Supply in a Developing Country*

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
B. J. Lloyd ◽  
D. C. Wheeler ◽  
M. Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Water Borne

The problems of urban water supply and water related disease in the Americas are examined in the context of population growth and geographical features. The debate concerning the transmission of potentially water-borne pathogens is discussed. The factors affecting the quality of water supply services in a large metropolitan area (Lima) are described and the epidemiological characteristics of water-related disease summarised and compared with data from Africa (Lesotho). A water quality additive index is proposed in order to identify the level of risk for each metropolitan district. This incorporates the presence of faecal coliforms and the absence of chlorine residual. A water-related disease product index (DPI) is also proposed which incorporates the incidence of typhoid, hepatitis and diarrhoea. The indices were matched for all districts, where adequate data were available, and a strong correlation was noted. The water quality index was divided into categories (A,B,C) and it was observed that these were generally dependent upon the water supply service levels. It is concluded that disinfection control is grossly deficient in most developing countries but essential for the control of water-borne disease. * The full version of this article will appear in Water Science and Technology, 21(6/7), 579-591 (1989).

scholarly journals Protection of Water Based and Water Abstraction Sites in Hungary Based on Studies in Győr

Hadmérnök ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
Krisztina Takács
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Maximum Protection

Water is indispensable for life and social activity, the most widely used on Earth. Today, an increasing problem is the production of sufficient quantity and quality of potable water for mankind. In order to ensure the supply of water, nowadays we must pay special attention, since it is intended to provide the consumer with adequate quality and quantity of water from a public health point of view. This also includes proper protection of water bases, which prevents any harmful substances or dirt from entering the water. Potable water supply is a special task, since in all circumstances it is necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the population. For this activity, maximum protection of the water bases and the water supply system is essential, which I will examine for Hungary, and I will also present a practical example."This article was prepared by the Ministry of Human Resources with the support of NewNational Excellence Program ÚNKP-18-3-INKE-105".

scholarly journals Estimation of the Quantity of Water in the Abandoned Underground Mine of Gold Fields Ghana Limited Tarkwa: A Potential Source to Augment Water Supply to Tarkwa Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
J. K. Obosu ◽  
J. S. Y. Kuma ◽  
W. K. Buah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Potable Water Supply

The Tarkwa district is an important gold mining area in the Southwestern part of Ghana. The main source of potable water supply to the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality is from the Bonsa River treatment plant managed by the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). The River is under threat from serious contamination by illegal mining ("galamsey") activities within its catchment area. Consequently, the amount of water supplied to the Municipality has not kept pace with its growing population due to increasing treatment cost and supply difficulties. The need to find alternative and sustainable sources of potable water supply to augment that from GWCL to the Municipality has become imperative. A large void volume created as a result of the abandoned underground mine operated by Gold Fields Ghana Limited (GFGL), after its closure in 1999 has flooded. This potential water resource is being pumped out daily, and wasted, sometimes spilling-over to low lying areas around the mine when allowed to reach its decant level. This study estimated the quantity of water in the Abontiakoon Vertical Shaft (AVS) which is part of the large underground void using survey production figures and post-closure void filling parameters resulting in 2.8 x 106 m3 and 2.9 x 106 m3 respectively. The rate of recharge to the underground water was also estimated to ascertain the sustainability of the void water should it be considered for use by employing the model of predicting rebound on “void filling” basis and average dewatering rate before closure at 2 535 m3/day and 2 618 m3/day respectively; indicating that recharge to the AVS reservoir is about 6 x 106 gal/day or 30% of current daily water supply deficit in the TNM. The estimated potential volume of mine water in storage in the entire Tarkwa underground void is 32 x106 m3. Two samples of the mine water were taken in November 2011 and February 2015 for quality analysis, in order to have a fair knowledge of the water quality parameters. The quality of the underground water was found to be potentially good, and not likely to cause any health threats, or water quality problems. Depth sampling is recommended to determine the chemical profile of the reservoir. Keywords: Reservoir, Municipality, Bonsa River, Contamination, Tarkwa

scholarly journals Chlorinated Water Induced Aging of Pipe Grade Polypropylene Random Copolymers

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Fischer ◽  
Paul Freudenthaler ◽  
Reinhold Lang ◽  
Wolfgang Buchberger ◽  
Susan Mantell
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Round Bar ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

Polypropylene random copolymers (PP-R) are common materials for pressurized hot water pipes. In many pipe systems, potable water is disinfected by chlorine to prevent waterborne diseases. This paper deals with hot chlorinated water induced aging of two PP-R grades with varying morphology. One material had a conventional monoclinic α crystal form (PP-Rα), whereas the other was explicitly beta-nucleated resulting in a trigonal β crystal form with a fine spherulite structure (PP-Rβ). Micro-sized specimens with a thickness of 100 µm were used for aging experiments at 60 °C in chlorinated water with 5 mg/L free chlorine, and aging indicators were monitored for exposure times of up to 2000 h. On the other hand, superimposed mechanical-environmental tests were carried out by using cracked round bar specimens with a diameter of 14 mm to determine the fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance of both PP-R grades at 60 °C in non-chlorinated and chlorinated water. PP-Rβ was found to outperform PP-Rα with an about 30% higher time-to-embrittlement value of 2000 h. Furthermore, PP-Rβ exhibited an enhanced FCG resistance in both non-chlorinated and chlorinated water. The effect of chlorine content on the deterioration of the FCG resistances was significantly more pronounced for PP-Rα.

scholarly journals Legionella sp. in water systems in public teaching and education facilities in Małopolskie voivodeship in 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Jacek Żak ◽  
Karolina Orlińska ◽  
Magdalena Koperny ◽  
Jarosław Foremny ◽  
Katarzyna Bandoła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Taking Action

INTRODUCTION. Bacteria Legionella sp. found in water distribution systems, especially warm, transferred to water spray devices for aerators and showers in the form of aerosols infected with them become a threat to the human inhaler. OBJECTIVE. Assessment of colonization of the water supply network with Legionella bacteria in teaching and education facilities in Małopolska in 2016 year. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The results of water samples taken from plumbing installations were analyzed in teaching and education facilities by employees of the State Sanitary Inspection of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. RESULTS. The results of 366 testing hot water samples in 111 teaching and education centers in Małopolska have shown that in 123 testing samples (33,6%) in 48 centers (43,2%) the water sample was colonized with Legionella sp. and the water quality did not meet the requirements of the current ordinance of the Minister of Health. CONCLUSIONS. It is justified to periodically monitor the presence of Legionella sp. in water supply installations in teaching and education centers and taking action to reduce the colonization of these bacteria.

Ecological Features of a Country House Water Supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
G.I. Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Country House ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Over Time

Considered the most frequently used sources of autonomous water supply of a country house – manhole and well. It is shown that the chemical composition of natural water in these structures does not meet the requirements of SaNPiN 2.1.4.1175-02 and varies over time. The reasons for the change in the water quality in the manhole and the well and the ways to solve the problem are listed. The factors affecting the water quality in the manhole and the well are indicated – the characteristic of the water of the aquifer and the arrangement of the structures. The conclusion was made that it is impossible to make the optimal choice between a manhole or a well for the environmentally acceptable water supply of a country house for the quality of water in each of the water intakes. A comparative assessment of the manhole and the well is given for a number of indicators in order to optimize the choice between them.

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