scholarly journals Analysis of the Pipelines Functional Safety on the Mining Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kliszczewicz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Mining Impact ◽  
Insertion Length

Buried pipeline systems, which transports water, sewage, oil or gas, perform the substantial role in urban areas. Sometimes their safe functioning is hampered because of damages caused in mining areas. In this article a characterization of the influence of mining activities on underground pipelines was presented. A description and classification of damages to pipelines with reference to mining influences were given of the various different pipelines systems and pipes materials. An illustrative example of damages to the stoneware sewage pipeline located on the mining area was presented. The effort of such pipe was carried out with using numerical methods (FEM). Model 2D represented stoneware pipe - soil system influenced by traffic load (SLW60) and the mining ground deformations (horizontal strains increasing from 0 to 9 mm/m). Model was built in ZSoil.PC program. The numerical analysis was performed as incremental and iterative. On the basis of the obtained results of numerical analysis (internal forces) the safety factors for various pipes classes with different bending strength were determined. Moreover, functional safety of the spigot-and-socked joints subjected mining impact was also assessed. During increasing of mining impact the insertion length at joints should provide free movement of spigots inside the socket, without losing the join tightness. It has been shown that the insertion length at analyzed stoneware pipes joints wasn’t appropriate which may result in damage of the spigot-and-socked joints during increasing the mining ground deformations.

Tunnel performance during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 288-313
Author(s):  
Juan M Mayoral ◽  
Gilberto Mosqueda ◽  
Daniel De La Rosa ◽  
Mauricio Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Observed Damage

Seismic performance of tunnels during earthquakes in densely populated areas requires assessing complex interactions with existing infrastructure such as bridges, urban overpasses, and metro stations, including low- to medium-rise buildings. This article presents the numerical study of an instrumented tunnel, currently under construction on stiff soils, located in the western part of Mexico City, during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake. Three-dimensional finite difference models were developed using the software FLAC3D. Initially, the static response of the tunnel was evaluated accounting for the excavation technique. Then, the seismic performance evaluation of the tunnel was carried out, computing ground deformations and factors of safety, considering soil nonlinearities. Good agreement was observed between predicted and observed damage during post-event site observations. Once the soundness of the numerical model was established, a numerical study was undertaken to investigate the effect of frequency content in tunnel-induced ground motion incoherence for tunnels built in cemented stiff soils. A series of strong ground motions recorded during normal and subduction events were used in the simulations, considering a return period of 250 years, as recommended in the Mexico City building code. From the results, it was concluded that the tunnel presence leads to important frequency content modification in the tunnel surroundings which can affect low- to mid-rise stiff structures located nearby. This important finding must be taken into account when assessing the seismic risk in highly populated urban areas, such as Mexico City.

Ficus retusa L. as possible indicator of air metallic pollution in urban environmentSahli Leila, Belhiouani Hadjer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Sahli ◽  
Hadjer Belhiouani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metallic Pollution

Abstract The tree species differed by their capacity to capture air-borne dust and to allocate trace element from contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to explore the accumulation potential of heavy metals (HMs) by F. retusa L. and its possible use for air pollution biomonitoring in urban areas. Plant material was sampled along the national roads in Constantine city (NE-Algeria), characterized by an intense traffic load. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were determined in the washed and unwashed leaves. The mean concentrations of HMs decrease in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd for both studied leaves, and were about 0.68 and 0.98 µg/g for Cd, 7.26 and 8.74 µg/g for Cu, 20.35 and 37.61 µg/g for Pb and 63.33 µg/g and 75.94 µg/g for Zn, for washed/unwashed leaves respectively. The studied metal contents were significantly higher than those cited in the literature; this indicates the traffic road impact on HMs emissions and uptake by plants. Higher values of metal accumulation index (MAI) indicate the effectiveness of the studied species for monitoring air metallic pollution in urban areas, and its usefulness for phytoextraction of HMs from the polluted soils and/or air. Results of this study could be beneficial as preliminary reference values for HMs uptake by F. retusa in urban environments.

Numerical analysis of the convection and diffusion of solutes to roots

Soil Research ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Passioura ◽  
MH Frere
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion

A numerical method is given for solving a partial differential equation describing the radial movement of solutes through a porous medium to a root. Computer programmes based on the method were prepared and used to obtain solutions of the equation for an idealized root-soil system in which a solute is transported to the root by convection but is not taken up by the root. Various patterns of water uptake were considered, the most complex being a diurnally varying uptake from soil in which the water content is decreasing. The solutions suggest that the maximum build-up of solute at the surface of a root is trivial if the root is growing in a medium such as agar, in which the diffusion coefficient of the solute is high, but may be considerable, with a concentration up to 10 times higher than the average concentration in the soil solution, when the root is growing in a fairly dry soil. The application of the method to systems other than the one considered in detail is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Classification of Natural and Human-Induced Ground Deformations at Regional Scale (Campania, Italy) Detected by Satellite Synthetic-Aperture Radar Interferometry Archive Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Matano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Geological Conditions

The high levels of geo-hydrological, seismic, and volcanic hazards in the Campania region prompted full data collection from C-band satellites ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, and RADARSAT within regional (TELLUS) and national (PST-A) projects. The quantitative analysis, interpretation, and classification of natural and human-induced slow-rate ground deformations across a span of two decades (1992–2010) was performed at regional scale (Campania, Italy) by using interferometric archive datasets, based on the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach. As radar satellite sensors have a side-looking view, the post-processing of the interferometric datasets allows for the evaluation of two spatial components (vertical and E-W horizontal ones) of ground deformation, while the N-S horizontal component cannot be detected. The ground deformation components have been analyzed across 89.5% of the Campania territory within a variety of environmental, topographical, and geological conditions. The main part (57%) of the regional territory was characterized during 1992–2010 by stable areas, where SAR signals do not have recorded significant horizontal and vertical components of ground deformation with an average annual rate greater than +1 mm/yr or lower than −1 mm/yr. Within the deforming areas, the coastal plains are characterized by widespread and continuous strong subsidence signals due to sediment compaction locally enhanced by human activity, while the inner plain sectors show mainly scattered spots with locally high subsidence in correspondence of urban areas, sinkholes, and groundwater withdrawals. The volcanic sectors show interplaying horizontal and vertical trends due to volcano-tectonic processes, while in the hilly and mountain inner sectors the ground deformation is mainly controlled by large-scale tectonic activity and by local landslide activity. The groundwater-related deformation is the dominant cause of human-caused ground deformation. The results confirm the importance of using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry data for a comprehensive understanding of rates and patterns of recent ground deformation at regional scale also within tectonically active areas as in Campania region.

Finding the right tree for future urban planning – Meso- to microscale model coupling in urban areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Fallmann ◽  
Helge Simon ◽  
Tim Sinsel ◽  
Marc Barra ◽  
Holger Tost
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Microscale Model

<p><span>It has been long understood that green infrastructure helps to mitigate urban heat island formation and therefore should be a key strategy in future urban planning practices. Due to its high level of heat resilience, the sycamore tree (Platanus) dominates the appearance of urban landscapes in central Europe. Under extreme climate conditions however, these species tend to emit high levels of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which in turn can act as precursors for tropospheric ozone, especially in highly NOx polluted environments such as urban areas. </span></p><p><span>Assessing the ozone air quality of a large urban area in Germany we use the state-of-the art regional chemical transport model MECO(n), with chemistry coming from the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) and meteorology being calculated by COSMO. Including the latest version of TERRA_URB, the model is configured for the Rhine-Main urban area. In a second step, we implement parts of the regional atmospheric chemistry mechanism in the ENVI-met model framework in order to investigate the impact of isoprene emissions on ozone concentration at street level for the urban area of Mainz, Germany. </span></p><p><span>Whereas mesoscale model results only show moderate mean ozone pollution over the model area, at micro-scale level on selected hot spots we find a clear relationship between urban layout, proximity to NOx emitters, tree-species-dependent isoprene emission capacity and increase in ozone concentration. The ENVI-met study reveals, that next to tree species, its location is a key factor for its micro-climatic UHI and air pollution mitigation potential. We could show, that isoprene related ozone concentration is highly sensitive to leaf temperature, photosynthetic active radiation as well as to the proximity to NO2 pollution sources. In a street canyon with high traffic load we find significant correlations between diurnal boundary layer dynamics, morning and evening rush hour and ambient ozone levels. For a hot summer day in particular, we simulate ozone concentrations rising up to 500% within a weakly ventilated street canyon with a high amount of strong isoprene emitters being present.</span></p><p><span>We summarize that combining findings from meso- and microscale model systems can be an important asset for science tools for cities in the framework of climate change adaption and mitigation </span><span>and air pollution abatement</span><span> strategies.</span></p>

Influence of Design Parameters of Highway on the Deformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1658-1662
Author(s):  
Yan Mei Zhang ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Irregularity Index ◽  
Surface Stiffness

Based on the geometry irregularity of pavement, an expression of the traffic load was put forward. The influence law of design parameters of each part of highway and pavement geometry irregularity on vertical deformation of highway was discussed by the three-dimension finite element numerical analysis. The research shows that the vertical deformation range of highway under the action of traffic load is generally semi-circular; the influence of surface stiffness on vertical deformation is different in different horizontal positions of surface; the influence of subgrade stiffness and foundation stiffness on vertical deformation is remarkable, but that of course stiffness is small; the rational matching of all parts of highway can effectively reduce the vertical deformation; with the increase of geometric irregularity index, the vertical deformation increases significantly.

Urban environmental degradation and the standard of living: the case of the Spanish mining industry (1870–1930)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-421
Author(s):  
ANTONIO ESCUDERO ◽  
MIGUEL Á. PÉREZ DE PERCEVAL ◽  
ANDRÉS SÁNCHEZ-PICÓN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Mining Areas

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the consequences of urban environmental degradation on the well-being of Spanish miners. It is based on analyses of differences in mortality and height. The first part of the paper examines new hypotheses regarding the urban penalty. We take into consideration existing works in economic theory that address market failures when analysing the higher urban death rate. We explain the reduction in height using the model recently created by Floud, Fogel, Harris and Hong for British cities. The second part of the paper presents information demonstrating that the urban areas in the two largest mining areas in Spain (Bilbao and the Cartagena-La Unión mountain range) experienced a higher death rate relative to rural areas as a consequence of market failures derived from what we term an ‘anarchic urbanisation’.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Photovoltaics System Improvements in Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Żołądek ◽  
Krzysztof Sornek ◽  
Karolina Papis ◽  
Rafał Figaj ◽  
Mariusz Filipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

Abstract Nowadays, photovoltaic systems installed in urban areas have to be an essential part of distributed generation systems, and lead to improve energy efficiency of buildings. The paper describes the operation aspects of the 7,5 kWp photovoltaic installation located on the roof of the didactic building of AGH University of Science and Technology. The significant part of the roof Is occupied by HVAC installation, so the periodic shading is occurring. It makes, that a level of energy generated in the PV system is lower than expected. The first part of the test was focused on the validating model of the installation and determine its impact on the CO2 emissions. Then, modifications in the arrangement of the panels were considered (redirecting of additional light stream). Moreover, an economic and environmental analysis of proposed improvements were conducted.

scholarly journals Land Improvement Solutions: Afforestation and Planting Fruit Trees and Short-Term Crops after Mine Closure in Luong Son District, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hai X. Nguyen ◽  
Hong T. Tran ◽  
Ha T. T. Pham ◽  
Anh V. T. Pham ◽  
Trang T. Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Mine Closure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Resources Exploitation ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Hoa Binh

Luong Son is a district to the east gateway of Hoa Binh province, adjacent to Hanoi the capital and the northwest of Vietnam. Against the background of the rapidly expanding natural resources exploitation, a lack of experience in the general management of resources is obvious. The problem of serious environmental pollution occurs due to the increase of mining activities. This is especially true in mining areas located near fast-growing urban areas. In particular, after the end of the exploitation and mine closure, there is a need to improve and recover the environmental conditions in order to protect untapped mineral reserves and to keep the exploitation site in a sustainable status. This includes questions of environmental safety and soil recovery within the affected areas. This article deals with 2 types of land improvement and restoration in Luong Son district: (1) designing a method for land improvement by afforestation and (2) designing a method for land improvement by planting fruit trees and short-term crops.

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