scholarly journals Land Improvement Solutions: Afforestation and Planting Fruit Trees and Short-Term Crops after Mine Closure in Luong Son District, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hai X. Nguyen ◽  
Hong T. Tran ◽  
Ha T. T. Pham ◽  
Anh V. T. Pham ◽  
Trang T. Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Mine Closure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Resources Exploitation ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Hoa Binh

Luong Son is a district to the east gateway of Hoa Binh province, adjacent to Hanoi the capital and the northwest of Vietnam. Against the background of the rapidly expanding natural resources exploitation, a lack of experience in the general management of resources is obvious. The problem of serious environmental pollution occurs due to the increase of mining activities. This is especially true in mining areas located near fast-growing urban areas. In particular, after the end of the exploitation and mine closure, there is a need to improve and recover the environmental conditions in order to protect untapped mineral reserves and to keep the exploitation site in a sustainable status. This includes questions of environmental safety and soil recovery within the affected areas. This article deals with 2 types of land improvement and restoration in Luong Son district: (1) designing a method for land improvement by afforestation and (2) designing a method for land improvement by planting fruit trees and short-term crops.

scholarly journals Returning home to die: Circular labour migration and mortality in South Africa 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (69_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Clark ◽  
Mark A. Collinson ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
Kyle Drullinger ◽  
Stephen M. Tollman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Working Age

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that circular labour migrants who become seriously ill while living away from home return to their rural homes to convalesce and possibly to die. Methods: Drawing on longitudinal data collected by the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system in rural northeastern South Africa between 1995 and 2004, discrete time event history analysis is used to estimate the likelihood of dying for residents, short-term returning migrants, and long-term returning migrants controlling for sex, age, and historical period. Results: The annual odds of dying for short-term returning migrants are generally 1.1 to 1.9 times (depending on period, sex, and age) higher than those of residents and long-term returning migrants, and these differences are generally highly statistically significant. Further supporting the hypothesis is the fact that the proportion of HIV/TB deaths among short-term returning migrants increases dramatically as time progresses, and short-term returning migrants account for an increasing proportion of all HIV/TB deaths. Conclusions: This evidence strongly suggests that increasing numbers of circular labour migrants of prime working age are becoming ill in the urban areas where they work and coming home to be cared for and eventually to die in the rural areas where their families live. This shifts the burden of caring for them in their terminal illness to their families and the rural healthcare system with significant consequences for the distribution and allocation of health care resources.

Actually Existing Platformization

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-731
Author(s):  
Niels van Doorn ◽  
Eva Mos ◽  
Jelke Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Market Consolidation

In this article we examine the partnership as a heterogeneous boundary resource that enables platforms to generate dependencies, become locally embedded, and gain power in urban settings. Pushing back against narratives of platform-driven disruption, which tend to universalize and totalize platform power, we discuss three cases of what we term “actually existing platformization”—a path-dependent and locally situated process in which platform companies engage in various forms of “boundary work” with other actors seeking to retain and/or gain power. Each case focuses on a distinct industry: food delivery, short-term housing rental, and the social/voluntary sector. In each of these domains, we show how asset-light platforms initiate and develop partnerships as a frequently nebulous boundary resource that opens up potential avenues for (1) market consolidation, (2) logistical integration, (3) social mobilization, and/or (4) institutional legitimation. Such strategic moves, we argue, have become particularly pertinent following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has hit urban areas particularly hard and is intensifying certain social dependencies and institutional shortcomings that platforms are seeking to exploit.

scholarly journals Exploring the Livelihoods of Internally Displaced Persons in Kachin State, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Htu Tawng Lazum
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Emergency Assistance

<p>The issue of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) is a global crisis yet little research has been focused on the issue of the livelihoods of IDPs. Providing short-term emergency assistance is not enough when the period of displacement becomes permanent or longer than expected. IDPs need long-term solutions in order to resume a normal life. Pursuing appropriate livelihoods in urban areas is a big challenge yet constructing potential livelihoods is fundamental to achieving decent living not only for short-term situations but also for the long run. The lack of access to livelihoods is one of the most serious obstacles to durable solutions for IDPs, and long-term livelihood strategies are needed to lay the foundation for future development.  This study explores Kachin IDPs in Myanmar and their livelihood strategies and activities in urban camps by applying qualitative methods, the study focuses on how IDPs have been building their livelihoods during their displacement and who has been involved in supporting their livelihoods. This research also seeks insight into the effectiveness and sustainability of those livelihood activities and other potential strategies.   Results show that most livelihood activities are supported by both local and international humanitarian and development agencies and are mainly undertaken through local organisations. Agriculture and livestock rearing are preferred livelihoods of IDPs although getting appropriate land is challenging in urban areas. Income-generating programmes such as food processing, carpentry and bamboo handicrafts are also popular and successful activities. Moreover, tailoring, brick making, and pig rearing are also effective and helpful livelihoods for individuals. Those who are involved in livelihood support activities receive benefits and advantages for their family and daily needs while the majority of IDPs are working in day labouring. Respondents believe current livelihood activities can become sustainable as long as they maintain the quality of the products. Some IDPs have adapted to the city environment quite well by applying their capacity and the skills they learnt from humanitarian organisations. Supporting livelihood strategies may not resolve the problems of IDPs, however, it is an effective partial solution.</p>

scholarly journals Measurement report: Short-term variation in ammonia concentrations in an urban area increased by mist evaporation and emissions from a forest canopy with bird droppings

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 11941-11954
Author(s):  
Kazuo Osada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Cloudy Weather

Abstract. Local meteorological conditions and natural and anthropogenic sources affect atmospheric NH3 concentrations in urban areas. To investigate potential sources and processes of NH3 variation in urban areas, hourly NH3 and NH4+ concentrations were measured during November 2017–October 2019 in Nagoya, a central Japanese megacity. Average NH3 concentrations are high in summer and low in winter. Daily minimum NH3 concentrations are linearly correlated with daily minimum air temperatures. By contrast, daily maximum NH3 concentrations increase exponentially with temperature, suggesting that different nighttime and daytime processes and air temperatures affect concentrations. Short-term increases in NH3 concentrations of two types were examined closely. Infrequent but large increases (11 parts per billion (ppb) for 2 h) occurred after mist evaporation during daytime. During 2 years of observations, only one event of this magnitude was identified in Nagoya, although evaporation of mist and fog occurs frequently after rains. Also, short-term increases occur with a large morning peak in summer. Amplitudes of diurnal variation in NH3 concentration (daily maximum minus minimum) were analyzed on days with nonwet and low wind conditions. Amplitudes were small (ca. 2 ppb) in winter, but they increased from early summer along with new leaf growth. Amplitudes peaked in summer (ca. 20 ppb) because of droppings from hundreds of crows before roosting in trees on the campus. High daily maximum NH3 concentrations were characterized by a rapid increase occurring 2–4 h after local sunrise. In summer, peak NH3 concentrations at around 08:00 local time (LT) in sunny weather were greater than in cloudy weather, suggesting that direct sunlight particularly boosts the morning peak. Daily and seasonal findings related to the morning peak imply that stomatal emission at the site causes the increase. Differences between daily amplitudes during the two summers was explained by the different input amounts of reactive nitrogen from bird droppings and rain, suggesting that bird droppings, a temporary rich source of NH3, affected the small forest canopy.

scholarly journals KAMPUNG ORGANIK SEBAGAI MODEL PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT BAGI ANAK USIA DINI DI KOTA SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Sukirman Sukirman ◽  
Rafika Bayu Kusumandari
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
The Village

<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong><em> Organic village is the designation for the urban / rural are developing environmental management where whole communities to manage the environment by planting organic crops. Even they develop dengue mosquito eradication in a way that is natural to plant crops that are not favored by mosquitoes. Referring to the objectives to be achieved, the research program was designed with a "Research and Development", meaning that a program of research followed by development program for repair or improvements. To produce a prototype Organic Village Environmental Education As Model For Community-Based Early Childhood, taken systematic steps in the form of the process of action, reflection, evaluation and innovation by applying qualitative research methods, descriptive, development, experimentation and evaluation. This study aims to gain in-depth overview of the Organic Village Environmental Education As Model For Community-Based Early Childhood. Village of Krobokan becoming a pilot village for urban areas for environmental regulation. Every citizen of organic crops and other useful plants such as mosquito repellent plants, fruit trees, etc. In addition, it is promoting recycling bins, especially organic waste that leaves of trees that have fallen. The leaves are processed into compost, but before it becomes compost. These leaves, crushed in advance by using a grinding machine garbage. It is intended to order the leaves into small pieces, so that when inserted into the barrel composer of the leaf pieces faster into fertilizer. The finished compost directly used to fertilize plants that live in stalls in the village Krobokan. For environmental education in early childhood, conducted in three schools namely TK Pembina State Semarang, Semarang Lab School kindergarten and kindergarten An Nur Semarang. The third school to apply the concept of habituation and role models as well as cooperation with parents</em>.<em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><strong><em>Organic Village, Environmental Education</em></strong><strong><em>, Early Childhood</em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Desa organik adalah sebutan untuk perkotaan / pedesaan sedang mengembangkan manajemen lingkungan di mana seluruh masyarakat untuk mengelola lingkungan dengan menanam tanaman organik. Bahkan mereka mengembangkan pemberantasan nyamuk dengue dengan cara alami untuk menanam tanaman yang tidak disukai oleh nyamuk. Mengacu pada tujuan yang ingin dicapai, program penelitian dirancang dengan "Penelitian dan Pengembangan", yang berarti bahwa program penelitian diikuti oleh program pengembangan untuk perbaikan atau perbaikan. Untuk menghasilkan prototipe Pendidikan Lingkungan Desa Organik Sebagai Model Untuk Anak Berbasis Anak Usia Dini, diambil langkah sistematis dalam bentuk proses tindakan, refleksi, evaluasi dan inovasi dengan menerapkan metode penelitian kualitatif, deskriptif, pengembangan, eksperimen dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mendalam tentang Pendidikan Lingkungan Desa Organik Sebagai Model Untuk Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Komunitas. Desa Krobokan menjadi desa percontohan untuk daerah perkotaan untuk pengaturan lingkungan. Setiap warga negara dari tanaman organik dan tanaman berguna lainnya seperti tanaman pengusir nyamuk, pohon buah-buahan, dll. Selain itu, mempromosikan sampah daur ulang, terutama sampah organik yang meninggalkan pohon yang telah jatuh. Daunnya diolah menjadi kompos, tetapi sebelum menjadi kompos. Daun-daun ini, dihancurkan terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan mesin penggilingan sampah. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memesan daun menjadi potongan-potongan kecil, sehingga ketika dimasukkan ke dalam komposer barrel dari potongan daun lebih cepat menjadi pupuk. Kompos yang sudah jadi langsung digunakan untuk menyuburkan tanaman yang hidup di warung-warung di desa Krobokan. Untuk pendidikan lingkungan pada anak usia dini, dilakukan di tiga sekolah yaitu TK Pembina Negeri Semarang, TK Taman Kanak-Kanak Semarang dan TK An Nur Semarang. Sekolah ketiga menerapkan konsep habituasi dan model peran serta kerja sama dengan orang tua.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: Desa Organik, Pendidikan Lingkungan</strong><strong>, Anak Usia Dini</strong></p>

Cordaid’s Post-Disaster Shelter Strategy in Haiti: Linking Relief and Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Harmen Janse ◽  
Kees van der Flier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Post Disaster

Haiti was struck by a heavy earthquake in 2010 and international aid poured into the country. News reports in 2011 were not very positive about the results of post-disaster reconstruction: “The relief efforts are only putting Haiti on life-support instead of evolving into the next stage of development”. One of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in Haiti was Cordaid, implementing a ‘transitional shelter strategy’ to support the transformation of neigh-bourhoods from a state of life-support into a state of self-sustaining development. The strategy was implemented in both a rural and an urban area. The main feature of the strategy was the provision of structures that could be adapted from simple shelters to permanent houses. Since the results of the strategy were mixed and ambiguous, a comparative case study was conducted to evaluate the shelter strategy in both areas. The objective was to draw lessons about what has to be taken into account when formulating future urban shelter strategies. The case study is discussed in this article. The main finding from the case study is that producing the intended number of shelters within the financial and time budgets that were set (efficiency), was more difficult in the urban area than in the rural area. But the conditions for linking relief and development (effectiveness) are more favourable in the urban context. NGOs may achieve long-term (effective) results in the urban context when a lower efficiency can be justified. That is why NGOs need to engage in a debate about the extent to which they are able to focus on long-term shelter or housing strategies. The important element in the debate is communication with the donors who are often focused on short-term relief measures. However urban areas cannot be rebuilt with only short-term interventions. The link between relief and development has to be made by a process-orientated approach focusing on capacities of local participants.

scholarly journals Application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network for Flood Forecasting

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le ◽  
Ho ◽  
Lee ◽  
Jung
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Hoa Binh

Flood forecasting is an essential requirement in integrated water resource management. This paper suggests a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model for flood forecasting, where the daily discharge and rainfall were used as input data. Moreover, characteristics of the data sets which may influence the model performance were also of interest. As a result, the Da River basin in Vietnam was chosen and two different combinations of input data sets from before 1985 (when the Hoa Binh dam was built) were used for one-day, two-day, and three-day flowrate forecasting ahead at Hoa Binh Station. The predictive ability of the model is quite impressive: The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) reached 99%, 95%, and 87% corresponding to three forecasting cases, respectively. The findings of this study suggest a viable option for flood forecasting on the Da River in Vietnam, where the river basin stretches between many countries and downstream flows (Vietnam) may fluctuate suddenly due to flood discharge from upstream hydroelectric reservoirs.

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