scholarly journals Fabrication of Transparent Composites from Pinaceae Wood Packaging Residues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoc Thang ◽  
Nguyen Thuc Boi Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Morphological Modification ◽  
Transparent Composite ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Temperature Time

In the 21st century, mankind has witnessed the rapidly development of all industries with a lot of new products in a variety of types and designs. However, this development has been also causing many problems with the society and the ecological environment such as a wasteful excess of products, exhaustive exploitation of natural resources, indiscriminate deforestation, and waste pollution affecting the living environment, ecosystem, and human health. Many organizations and governments are calling for environmental protection, limit waste emissions, and find good solutions to use the recycled materials as raw materials in production plants. This study would like to provide a solution which not only utilizes waste packaging Pinaceae wood for recycling as raw material but also supplies to the market with a green product responding to the durability requirements in fact. Pinaceae wood packaging residues were chemically processed through two stages. The amount of lignin extract from Pinaceae was determined by the method of Tappi 222 om-02 which was significantly influenced by the extraction parameters such as temperature, time and concentration of the treatment solution. Morphological modification of wood materials was analyzed by SEM micrographs. In particular, the mechanical properties of the Epoxy/TPW2 composite green material have been significantly improved with increasing up to 206–540 % compared to the original Pinaceae wood. The optical properties of the wood have completely changed from opaque pine wood with the optical transmittance of 8 % into transparent composite material with the optical transmittance up to 85 % using UV-vis spectroscopy analysis.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF EXTRACTS FROM ANIMAL MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Smirnov ◽  
Victor Keino ◽  
Ksenia Goryacheva ◽  
Alexander Shunk ◽  
Alexander Bondarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hematopoetic Stem Cell ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents the results of the research hemostimulating activity of aqueous extracts of antler young Siberean stag and drone larvae homogenate. These substrates were obtained from raw materials of animal origin. Altai Krai andAltaiRepublicare subjects of theRussian Federationwhich is the place of production of the raw material. Experiments were conducted in two stages. The first stage - in vitro, which included a research of experimental substrates on the culture of mouse marrow cells. During the experiments were obtained different results. We counted the number of colonies grown in cell culture for this. The second stage of experimenters - in vivo. It included an assessment of the myeloprotector on model of cytostatic myelosuppression of mice and analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood.

scholarly journals Seasonal Inventory Management Model for Raw Materials in Steel Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kawakami ◽  
Hirokazu Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuhide Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Supply Disruptions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Nippon Steel Corporation ◽  
Two Stages

We developed a seasonal inventory management model for raw materials, such as iron ore and coal, for multiple suppliers and multiple mills. The Nippon Steel Corporation imports more than 100 million tons of raw material annually by vessels from Australia, Brazil, Canada, and other countries. Once these raw materials arrive in Japan, they are transported to domestic mills and stored in yards before being treated in a blast furnace. A critical problem currently facing the industry is the limited capacity of the yards, which leads to high demurrage costs while ships wait for space to open up in the yards before they can unload. To reduce the demurrage costs, the inventory levels of the raw materials must be kept as low as possible. However, inventory levels that are too low may lead to inventory shortage resulting from seasonal supply disruptions (e.g., a cyclone in Australia) that delay the supply of raw materials. Because both excess and depleted inventory levels lead to increased costs, optimal inventory levels must be determined. To solve this problem, we developed an inventory management model that considers variations on the supply side, differences that should be observable upon looking at the ship operations. The concept is to model the probability distribution of ship arrival intervals by brand groups and mills. We divided ship operations into two stages: arrival at all mills (in Japan) and arrival at individual mills. We modeled the former as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the latter as a nonhomogeneous Gamma process. Our proposed model enables inventory levels to be reduced by 14% in summer and 6% in winter.

scholarly journals PENURUNAN JUMLAH CACAT DAN BIAYA BAHAN BAKU DENGAN METODE ResponsESPONSSE SURFACE

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Lukman ◽  
Ahmad Zubaid Firdaus ◽  
Rahadian Galih
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
A Company

Muhammad Lukman, Ahmad Zubaid Firdaus, Rahadian GalihJurusan Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah MalangJl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 MalangLaman : [email protected] Indah Cemerlang adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri bahan bangunan yaitu produk paving. Dalam proses produksi perusahaan sering melakukan perubahan komposisi bahan baku yang dipengaruhi oleh biaya bahan baku. Faktor perubahan komposisi bahan baku ini membuat kualitas mutu produk mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan suatu penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kontrol yang berpengaruh terhadap respons cacat dengan metode Responsse Surface. Penelitian dengan metode Responsse Surface ini mempunyai dua tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu orde 1 (screening) dan tahap kedua yaitu orde 2 (optimization). Hasil orde 1 diketahui komposisi bahan baku yang memengaruhi respons cacat yaitu volume semen dan abu batu. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka pada tahap kedua yaitu orde 2 dilakukan percobaan untuk menentukan komposisi bahan baku yang optimal. Setting komposisi bahan baku terbaik yaitu air 20 liter, semen 47 kg, pasir 120 kg, abu batu 10,45 takaran, dengan nilai respons kecacatan sebesar 5,08 persen. Penurunan biaya bahan baku dengan menggunakan komposisi tersebut sebesar Rp49,33 per palet dan biaya kerugian kualitas mengalami penurunan sebesar Rp47.640 per minggu.Kata kunci : metode responsse surface, cacat, optimasiABSTRACTCV.   Indah Cemerlang  is a  company  for building material which  produces paving  stone. The company  often  changes  the raw materials composition which is affected  by  cost  of raw materials. Change of  the raw  materials composition  makes  product quality  lower. Therefore, a study should be conducted in order to identify  control factors  influencing on defect responsse by using Responsse  Surface  method. Responsse surface method used in this research consists of two stages. First stage, called orde 1, is dealing with screening and second stage, called orde 2, is dealing with optimization. The result of orde 1 shows that the raw materials composition influencing on defect responsse are cement volume and gray stone. According to the result of second stage, the experiment is conducted to determine optimal amount of raw materials composition. Optimal amount of the raw materials composition are 20 liters of water, 47 kilograms of cement, 120 kilograms of sand, and 10.45 doses of gray stone, with value of defect responsse 5.08%. Applying proposed composition can decrease cost of raw material by Rp 49,33 per pallet and cost of poor quality by 47.60 per week.Key words: responsse surface method, defect, optimization

scholarly journals Optimization of Decomposition Process of Karatau Phosphorites

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
B. Myrzakhmetova ◽  
U. Besterekov ◽  
I. Petropavlovsky ◽  
S. Ahnazarova ◽  
V. Kiselev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Variance Estimate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Time

Phosphorous-acid process of Karatau phosphorites’ decomposition has been studied. The impact of temperature, time and acid rate on decomposition process of phosphate raw material, the conditions ensuring maximum degree of phosphorite decomposition have been identified. Variance estimate of experiment results’ reproducibility has been carried out by mathematical statistics method; the coefficients of regression equations have been set. The significance of regression equation coefficients has been checked up by Student’s criterion, and the adequacy of regression equation to experiment has been checked up by Fisher's criterion. With the use of utopian point method the parameters of studied raw materials’ decomposition have been optimized.

scholarly journals Influence of Extraction Conditions on Qualitative Composition of Vegetable Oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ivashchuk ◽  
◽  
Anna Hlukhaniuk ◽  
Yevgen Semenyshyn ◽  
Roman Chyzhovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Liquid

The influence of the production conditions for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction in the system “solid – liquid” on the qualitative composition of the obtained vegetable oils has been studied. The main chemical values (acid value, iodine value, ester value, saponification value) and optical properties (refractometric refractive index and UV-Vis spectroscopy) for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction using methylene chloride as a solvent from different plant raw materials (grade of grinding is 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mm) and mixtures of crushed grain fractions have been determined. It has been shown that the grade of grinding of the raw material affects the quality of the obtained product.

scholarly journals Microorganisms during cocoa fermentation: systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Roberto H. Ordoñez-Araque ◽  
Edgar F. Landines-Vera ◽  
Julio C. Urresto-Villegas ◽  
Carla F. Caicedo-Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Acetic Fermentation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Lactic Bacteria ◽  
Cocoa Fermentation

Introduction. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) originates from Ecuador. It is one of the oldest foods in the world. The fact that cocoa is the main component in chocolate industry makes it one of the most quoted raw materials today. The chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory properties of cocoa determine its quality and, as a result, economic and nutritional value. The research objective was to conduct a detailed analysis of cocoa fermentation process and to study the transformations this raw material is subjected to during processing. Study objects and methods. The present article introduces a substantial bibliographic review based on three databases: Science Direct, Scopus, and Medline. The scientific publications were selected according to several factors. First, they had to be relevant in terms of cocoa fermentation. Second, they were written in English or Spanish. Third, the papers were indexed in high-impact journals. The initial selection included 350 articles, while the final list of relevant publications featured only 50 works that met all the requirements specified above. Results and discussion. The main characteristics of yeasts, lactic bacteria, and acetic bacteria were analyzed together with their main parameters to describe their activities during different stages of alcoholic, lactic, and acetic fermentation. A thorough analysis of the main enzyme-related processes that occur during fermentation makes it possible to optimize the use of substrates, temperature, time, pH, acidity, and nutrients. As a result, the finished product contains an optimal concentration of volatile compounds that are formed in the beans during fermentation. The study featured the main strains of fermentation-related microorganisms, their activities, main reactions, and products. Conclusion. This study makes it possible to improve the process of fermentation to obtain beans with a better chemical composition.

scholarly journals Investigation of the biological active compounds of crocus sativus stigmas (saffron) from Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. O. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, comes from the Crocus sativus stigmas. Saffron grows well in the areas with the cold winters and warm dry summers, which have a positive effect on the quality of the raw material obtained. This explains the interest in saffron cultivation and production in Ukraine. Since 2015, large-scale saffron cultivation for food purposes has been started in various regions of Ukraine. Cultivation methods, environmental factors of different regions differ and directly affect on the composition and quality of biologically active compounds of raw materials. In addition, according to recent pharmacological studies, saffron stigma exhibit a wide range of biological activity: anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and other actions that are caused by the composition of biologically active compounds of the saffron stigmas – crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. Therefore, the aim of the work was to establish the content of crocin, safranal and picrocrocin in Crocus rstigmas grown in different regions of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of ISO 3632. For research, we used saffron stigmas (Crocus sativus L.) harvested in Kherson, Zaporizhia, Vinnytsia, Odessa, Chernihiv regions in Ukraine in October 2018 and the sample of commercial saffron from Italy (Migros Bio, 2018). The quality of the raw material was established in accordance with ISO 3632 according to the indicators: weight loss of drying, ash total, content of picrocrocin, crocin and safranal by UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the saffron samples the weight loss of during and the ash total ranged from 6.7–9.2% to 4.3–6.4%, respectively. The content of picrocrocin ( 257 нм nm) in saffron samples ranged from 90 in Kherson and up to 101 in the Chernihiv sample; safranal content ( 330 nm) ranged from 34 for Chernihiv to 42 in the Kherson sample; crocin content ( 440 nm) of 228 in Vinnitsa and up to 262 in Zaporozhye. The obtained data showed that all samples of Ukrainian saffron belong to the first quality category according to ISO classification. In the commercial sample from Italy, the test showed a high content of safranal (330 nm was 59) and crocin (440 nm was 259). Different values between regions and a commercial sample are usually due to different environmental conditions and cultivation practices. Crocus sativus is an important medicinal and food plant that has been successfully cultivated in Ukraine for food purposes and is of great economic importance. The quality of Ukrainian saffron from different regions has been determined to ISO 3632. The 2018 crop samples are in compliance with international standards and are of category I. It is important that crocin and safranal exhibit high anticancer and antioxidant activity, so growing in our country stable high content of BACs, makes it possible to use saffron not only in the food industry, but also makes it a potentially relevant raw material for the pharmaceutical industry. This study provides significant information on the quality and prospects of saffron production in Ukraine, as both the food and pharmacological raw materials.

scholarly journals FACILITIES FOR ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION AS SALMONELLA RESERVOIRS AND SOURCES OF FINAL PRODUCTS CONTAMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Bojana Prunić ◽  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Aleksandar Mašić ◽  
Sandra Jakšić ◽  
Ksenija Nešić
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Feed Production

Animal feed is the first link in the cycle “farm to fork” and the first potential place for entry of alimentary pathogens into the food chain. Specialattention is given to bacteria from the genus Salmonella due to significant health and economic concerns related to salmonellosis in both human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Animal feed can become infected with salmonella through contaminated raw materials of animal and plant origin, but contamination of final products can occur during processing and postprocessing in facilities for their production. The life cycle of Salmonella species occurs partly in higher organisms, and partly in the living environment. Their ubiquitous distribution and survival in the environment (outside the host organism) in soil, water, on plant matter as well as on various artificial materials is made possible by the formation of multicellular communities known as the biofilm. Biofilms are multicellular bacterial formations that are irreversibly adhered to surfaces, incorporated into the extracellular substance produced by themselves and which exhibit significantly different properties (biofilm phenotype) in relation to those that grow in the suspension (planktonic phenotype). One of the most important characteristics of biofilm phenotype is the increased bacterial resistance to various stress factors in the environment, including chemical and thermal treatments, and the mechanical cleaning and sanitation. By creating the biofilm, salmonella enables its survival and persistence for months or years on equipment and working surfaces in animal feed production facilities. Due to the ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella species in nature, and therefore on plant matter as the primary raw material for the production of animal feed, it is unlikely that Salmonella could be eradicated from the food chain. Control measures should be directed to the prevention of contamination.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

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