scholarly journals Performance of Activated Carbon Supported Cobalt Oxides and Iron Oxide Catalysts in Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavayogeshwary Thangadurai ◽  
Ching Thian Tye
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Yield

This work studied the catalyst activity of activated carbon (AC) supported Co, Fe and Co-Fe oxides in catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil. Reactions were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 450 °C with WHSV 9 hr–1. Single metal Co/AC and Fe/AC catalysts with different metal loading (2.5–15 wt.%) and bimetal xCo-yFe/AC (x, y = 2.5 to 12.5 wt.%; x + y =15 wt.%) catalysts were investigated. Co/AC and Fe/AC catalysts both contributed to significant liquid yield with high selectivity towards C15 and C17 hydrocarbons. Fe/AC catalysts gave high C5 – C20 hydrocarbon yield whereas Co/AC attained more palmitic (C16) and oleic (C18) acid conversion. Synergistic effect in two metals Co-Fe/AC catalysts had further improved the liquid hydrocarbon yield (up to ~93 %) and fatty acid conversion (up to 94 %). The best catalyst, 10Co-5Fe/AC had been further tested under the effect of reaction temperature, feed flow rate (WHSV) and deactivation for its catalytic performance.

scholarly journals Production of bio-aromatics from ethanol-waste cooking oil mixtures over ZSM-5 catalyst material

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Elvis Tinashe Ganda ◽  
Yusuf Makarfi Isa
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Reactor Unit ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Oil Mixtures

Abstract The utilisation of ethanol-waste cooking oil (Eth- WCO) mixtures for the production of valuable chemicals has been considered. The study investigated the potential of synthesised HZSM-5 in the conversion of ethanol-oil mixtures to fuel-range hydrocarbons. HZSM-5 catalyst material was successfully synthesised and characterised and activities were tested in a fixed-bed reactor unit at temperatures of 400°C and 450 °C with a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 2.5 h-1 at atmospheric pressure. The synthesised catalyst had total surface area greater than 250 m2/g. From the catalyst activity test, it was observed that up to 93% conversion was achieved on the synthesised catalysts. The conversion product was rich in aromatic compounds such as p-xylene, toluene and naphthalene that have potential as feedstock in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The FeZSM-5 catalyst material had a generally higher percentage composition of p-xylene content, peaking at 30% at 400°C for pure waste cooking oil feedstock. Potential catalysts for bio-aromatics production from ethanol-waste cooking oil mixtures have been successfully synthesised and evaluated.

Effect of Silica Base Catalyst on Transformation of Methanol to Hydrocarbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supranee Lao-Ubol ◽  
Phunthinee Somwongsa ◽  
Pracha Laoauyporn ◽  
Pasinee Panith ◽  
Siriporn Larpkiattaworn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Methanol To Hydrocarbon

Five different types of silica catalyst (SBA-15, SBA-15-PO3H2, and three different Si/Al ratio of commercial zeolites (30, 80 and 280) were used to study the transformation of methanol to hydrocarbon (MTH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pore diameter and acidity in the structure of silica catalysts on the process performances in terms of methanol conversion and hydrocarbon selectivity. The mesoporous silica catalysts were prepared by co-condensation method. The catalysts samples were characterized by GC-MS, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD techniques. The catalytic performance of synthesized and commercial catalysts for MTH process was evaluated using a homemade fixed bed reactor at temperature (300°C). It was found that the liquid hydrocarbon product provided by zeolite catalysts is aromatic hydrocarbons-rich. High Si/Al zeolites with larger pore size lead to higher selectivity and yield to paraffins (C1-C7). In contrast to commercial zeolite catalyst, SBA-15 and its modification with phosphorus species showed no conversion under studied condition. These results indicate that both pore diameter and acidity influence the product distribution in methanol to hydrocarbon process.

scholarly journals Co-pyrolysis of Corn-cob and Waste Cooking-oil in a Fixed Bed Reactor with HY Upgrading Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 2363-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Xiaoxiong Zhang ◽  
Wenchao Ma ◽  
Beibei Yan ◽  
Yanbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Cooking Oil

scholarly journals Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using immobilized lipase in fixed bed reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingming Chen ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
Yan Fu ◽  
Pengmei Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Cooking Oil

CO2 valorization into synthetic natural gas (SNG) using a Co–Ni bimetallic Y2O3 based catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa A. El-Salamony ◽  
Sara A. El-Sharaky ◽  
Seham A. Al-Temtamy ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh ◽  
Hamada M. Killa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Methanation Reaction ◽  
Co2 Valorization

Abstract Recently, because of the increasing demand for natural gas and the reduction of greenhouse gases, interests have focused on producing synthetic natural gas (SNG), which is suggested as an important future energy carrier. Hydrogenation of CO2, the so-called methanation reaction, is a suitable technique for the fixation of CO2. Nickel supported on yttrium oxide and promoted with cobalt were prepared by the wet-impregnation method respectively and characterized using SBET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TPR, and HRTEM/EDX. CO2 hydrogenation over the Ni/Y2O3 catalyst was examined and compared with Co–Ni/Y2O3 catalysts, Co% = 10 and 15 wt/wt. The catalytic test was conducted with the use of a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The catalytic performance temperature was 350 °C with a supply of H2:CO2 molar ratio of 4 and a total flow rate of 200 mL/min. The CH4 yield was reached 67%, and CO2 conversion extended 48.5% with CO traces over 10Co–Ni/Y2O3 catalyst. This encourages the direct methanation reaction mechanism. However, the reaction mechanism over Ni/Y2O3 catalyst shows different behaviors rather than that over bi-metal catalysts, whereas the steam reforming of methane reaction was arisen associated with methane consumption besides increase in H2 and CO formation; at the same temperature reaction.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3347
Author(s):  
Arslan Mazhar ◽  
Asif Hussain Khoja ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
Salman Raza Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Impregnation Method

Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was investigated in a fixed bed reactor for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process. Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was prepared by modified co-precipitation, followed by the hydrothermal method. The active metal Co was loaded via the wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The performance of Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 for the DRM process was investigated in a reactor with a temperature of 750 °C, a feed ratio (CO2/CH4) of 1, a catalyst loading of 0.5 g, and a feed flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The effect of support interaction with metal and the composite were studied for catalytic activity, the composite showing significantly improved results. Moreover, among the tested Co loadings, 5 wt% Co over the TiO2–MgAl2O4 composite shows the best catalytic performance. The 5%Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 improved the CH4 and CO2 conversion by up to 70% and 80%, respectively, while the selectivity of H2 and CO improved to 43% and 46.5%, respectively. The achieved H2/CO ratio of 0.9 was due to the excess amount of CO produced because of the higher conversion rate of CO2 and the surface carbon reaction with oxygen species. Furthermore, in a time on stream (TOS) test, the catalyst exhibited 75 h of stability with significant catalytic activity. Catalyst potential lies in catalyst stability and performance results, thus encouraging the further investigation and use of the catalyst for the long-run DRM process.

Preparation of activated carbon from Canadian coals using a fixed-bed reactor and a spouted bed-kiln system

Fuel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Dalai ◽  
Jasimuz Zaman ◽  
E.Stanley Hall ◽  
Eric L. Tollefson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Spouted Bed

scholarly journals Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine

ALCHEMY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hendro Juwono ◽  
Ardita Elliyanti ◽  
Firman Satria Pamungkas ◽  
Anas Assari ◽  
Ahmad Hawky Dermawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fraction ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

<p>Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N<sub>2</sub> gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (&lt; C<sub>7</sub>) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C<sub>8 </sub>- C<sub>12</sub>) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (&gt; C<sub>12</sub>) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types.</p><p> </p>Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel

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