scholarly journals Vulnerability of Ancient Dry-joint Masonry Towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Funda Gençer ◽  
Mine Hamamcıoğlu-Turan ◽  
Hasan Engin Duran ◽  
Engin Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Masonry Towers ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Vulnerability Framework ◽  
Architectural Restoration

Since ancient times, different techniques have been favoured to provide the integrity of masonry buildings at risk from earthquakes. Earthquake consciousness and determination of related effective techniques have always been a challenging subject. In this study, morphologic characteristics affecting structural resistance of dry-joint masonry towers, and their impact on each other are examined with the help of the statistical analysis. The effectiveness of each characteristic is discussed in relation to the earthquake risk level of the regions to decipher awareness of precautions necessary for structural resistance of dry-joint masonry under earthquake risk in ancient periods.The methodology includes gathering morphologic data with the conventional site survey techniques of architectural restoration; visual analysis of the dataset; design of hypothetical towers by combining possible characteristics of real towers; quasi-static tilt analysis of hypothetical towers with MsPhysics 1.0.3 software; regression analysis of the collapse limits for different morphologic configurations with EViews 4 software, and the proposition of a vulnerability framework and application of the framework to case studies.The parameters affecting structural resistance are listed in the order of high to low impact as a staggering ratio, stone depth, ratio between block length and height, proportional relationship between height and length, opening area, number and position and the distribution of header stones. The application of the framework to case studies indicated consciousness awareness of the risk and the taking of precautions against lateral loading of dry-joint masonry in ancient periods.

scholarly journals Struktur SRPMK DAN SRPMM Pada Bangunan Tinggi (Structure of SRMK and SRMM on High Building)

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almufid Almufid ◽  
Egi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Triple Junction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Frame System

In the planning of building structures, it is necessary to have precise calculations so that the structure obtained is strong against loads and is certainly economical. From a geographical point of view, Indonesia is one of the countries on the most active earthquake route in the world because it is surrounded by the Pacific Ring of Fire and is above three continental plate collisions (triple junction plate convergence), thus making Indonesia a country that is has a high earthquake risk level. In Indonesia itself there are several provisions that apply where there are regulations in planning a building to be earthquake resistant. As for this research study is to plan a 10-story apartment structure using the Special Moment Bearer Frame System (SRPMK) and the Intermediate Moment Bearer Frame System (SRPMM) based on SNI 2847-2019, SNI 1726-2019, and SNI 1727-2013 and other provisions. applicable in Indonesia to support earthquake resistant building planning. At this stage, it begins with preliminary design, then structural modeling and analysis is assisted using the ETABS program. From the planning results obtained in the form of dimensions and differences from the calculation of reinforcement between the two systems used.Keywords: SRPMK, SRPMM, Earthquake Resistant Building Planning, ETABS (Dalam perencanaan struktur bangunan diperlukan adanya perhitungan yang tepat agar struktur yang didapat kuat terhadap beban serta yang pasti ekonomis. Jika dilihat dari segi geografis Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang berada di jalur gempa teraktif di dunia karena dikelilingi oleh Cincin Api Pasifik (Ring of Fire) dan berada di atas tiga tumbukan lempeng benua (triple junction plate convergence), sehingga menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki tangkat resiko gempa cukup tinggi. Di Indonesia sendiri ada beberapa ketentuan yang berlaku dimana ada peraturan-peraturan dalam merencanakan suatu bangunan agar tahan terhadap gempa. Adapun dari studi penelitian ini adalah merencanakan struktur apartemen 10 lantai menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) dan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM) berdasarkan SNI 2847-2019, SNI 1726-2019, dan SNI 1727-2013 serta ketentuan-ketentuan lain yang berlaku di Indonesia untuk menunjang perencanaan bangunan tahan gempa. Pada tahapannya diawali dengan preliminary design, lalu pemodelan serta analisa struktur dibantu menggunakan program ETABS. Dari hasil perencanaan didapat berupa dimensi dan perbedaan dari hasil perhitungan tulangan antara kedua sistem yang digunakan..Kata Kunci: SRPMK, SRPMM, Perencanaan Bangunan Gedung Tahan Gempa, ETABS)

scholarly journals INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION: A METHODOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF TWO CASE STUDIES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
G. Bianchi ◽  
N. Bruno ◽  
E. Dall’Asta ◽  
G. Forlani ◽  
C. Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Architectural Restoration ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Single Technique

A preliminary survey campaign is essential in projects of restoration, urban renewal, rebuilding or promotion of architectural heritage. Today several survey techniques allow full 3D object restitution and modelling that provides a richer description than simple 2D representations. However, the amount of data to collect increases dramatically and a trade-off between efficiency and productivity from one side and assuring accuracy and completeness of the results on the other must be found. Depending on the extent and the complexity of the task, a single technique or a combination of several ones might be employed. Especially when documentation at different scales and with different levels of detail are foreseen, the latter will likely be necessary. The paper describes two architectural surveys in Italy: the old village of Navelli (AQ), affected by the earthquake in 2009, and the two most relevant remains in Codiponte (MS), damaged by the earthquake in 2013, both in the context of a project of restoration and conservation. In both sites, a 3D survey was necessary to represent effectively the objects. An integrated survey campaign was performed in both cases, which consists of a GPS network as support for georeferencing, an aerial survey and a field survey made by laser scanner and close range photogrammetry. The two case studies, thanks to their peculiarities, can be taken as exemplar to wonder if the integration of different surveying techniques is today still mandatory or, considering the technical advances of each technology, it is in fact just optional.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION: A METHODOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF TWO CASE STUDIES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bianchi ◽  
N. Bruno ◽  
E. Dall’Asta ◽  
G. Forlani ◽  
C. Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Architectural Restoration ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Single Technique

A preliminary survey campaign is essential in projects of restoration, urban renewal, rebuilding or promotion of architectural heritage. Today several survey techniques allow full 3D object restitution and modelling that provides a richer description than simple 2D representations. However, the amount of data to collect increases dramatically and a trade-off between efficiency and productivity from one side and assuring accuracy and completeness of the results on the other must be found. Depending on the extent and the complexity of the task, a single technique or a combination of several ones might be employed. Especially when documentation at different scales and with different levels of detail are foreseen, the latter will likely be necessary. The paper describes two architectural surveys in Italy: the old village of Navelli (AQ), affected by the earthquake in 2009, and the two most relevant remains in Codiponte (MS), damaged by the earthquake in 2013, both in the context of a project of restoration and conservation. In both sites, a 3D survey was necessary to represent effectively the objects. An integrated survey campaign was performed in both cases, which consists of a GPS network as support for georeferencing, an aerial survey and a field survey made by laser scanner and close range photogrammetry. The two case studies, thanks to their peculiarities, can be taken as exemplar to wonder if the integration of different surveying techniques is today still mandatory or, considering the technical advances of each technology, it is in fact just optional.

Perception and Communication of Seismic Risk: The 6 April 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Marincioni ◽  
Federica Appiotti ◽  
Maurizio Ferretti ◽  
Caterina Antinori ◽  
Paola Melonaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

On Monday, 6 April 2009 at 3:32 a.m. (local time), a moment magnitude 6.3 earthquake with an epicenter located near the city of L'Aquila, in central Italy, killed 308 people, injured 1,500, left 22,000 homeless, and temporarily displaced another 65,000. This study examines a sample of the affected population and finds that despite the long list of historical earthquakes that struck the region and the swarm of foreshocks occurring up to four months before the main shock of 6 April, the residents of L'Aquila had a rather low earthquake risk perception and an unjustified confidence in the seismic safety of their houses. This low perception of earthquake risk and ignorance of the real structural resistance of buildings appear to have inhibited the individual and collective propensity to develop emergency plans. This situation was further exacerbated by the lack of clear and forthright communication from the emergency management authorities about the impossibility of precisely predicting earthquakes and about the risks posed by many of the city's old buildings.

scholarly journals A Relative Reliability Approach for Direct Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Partially Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bin Jian ◽  
Chaoyi Lei ◽  
Pingping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Relative Reliability ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Displacement Based

A relative reliability approach for Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) is first proposed in this paper, which is based on the average reliability level implicit in current Chinese design codes. By introducing a relative reliability coefficientα, the determination of reliability from DDBD is transformed to the calculation of its ratio to the average reliability of current Chinese codes. This approach not only follows the reliability principle of current Chinese codes, but also avoids the complex calculation of reliability in general. The calculation of reliability at any performance level can be transformed to the nominal reliability of frequent earthquake for the expected earthquake risk level. Meanwhile, based on the assumption of elasticity, it is shown that, under frequent earthquake risk, the calculated base shear derived from DDBD theoretically equals that from force-based design (FBD). Therefore, a revised calculation of section bearing capacity for DDBD, which follows the expression in current Chinese codes, is advised, according to the numerical study of 24 examples of Partially Prestressed Reinforced Concrete (PPRC) frame structures. Finally, this proposed approach is verified to be effective and superior by a comparative analysis of 10 examples of PPRC frames.

scholarly journals Brief communication "Fast-track earthquake risk assessment for selected urban areas in Turkey"

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kepekci ◽  
F. Ozcep
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Earthquake Risk

Abstract. This study is presented as a contribution to earthquake disaster mitigation studies for selected cities in Turkey. The risk evaluations must be based on earthquake hazard analysis and city information. To estimate the ground motion level, data for earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 4.5 and an epicenter location within a 100-km radius of each city were used for the period from 1900 to 2006, as recorded at the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for each city was carried out using Poisson probabilistic approaches. Ground motion level was estimated as the probability of a given degree of acceleration with a 10% exceedence rate during a 50-year time period for each city. The risk level of each city was evaluated using the number of houses, the per-capita income of city residents, population, and ground motion levels. The maximum risk level obtained for the cities was taken as a reference value for relative risk assessment, and other risk values were estimated relative to the maximum risk level. When the selected cities were classified according to their relative risk levels, the five most risky cities were found to be, in descending order of risk, Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Bursa, and Kocaeli.

scholarly journals Metaviz: interactive statistical and visual analysis of metagenomic data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Wagner ◽  
Florin Chelaru ◽  
Jayaram Kancherla ◽  
Joseph N. Paulson ◽  
Victor Felix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Graph Database ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Taxonomic Annotation

AbstractAlong with the survey techniques of 16S rRNA amplicon and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, an array of tools exists for clustering, taxonomic annotation, normalization, and statistical analysis of microbiome sequencing results. Integrative and interactive visualization that enables researchers to perform exploratory analysis in this feature rich hierarchical data is an area of need. In this work, we present Metaviz, a web browser-based tool for interactive exploratory metagenomic data analysis. Metaviz can visualize abundance data served from an R session or a Python web service that queries a graph database. As metagenomic sequencing features have a hierarchy, we designed a novel navigation mechanism to explore this feature space. We visualize abundance counts with heatmaps and stacked bar plots that are dynamically updated as a user selects taxonomic features to inspect. Metaviz also supports common data exploration techniques, including PCA scatter plots to interpret variability in the dataset and alpha diversity boxplots for examining ecological community composition. The Metaviz application and documentation is hosted at http://www.metaviz.org.

Cytoplasmic Tubules in Cells Infected with Laryngotracheitis Virus

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
A. M. Watrach
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
In Cells

During a study of the development of infectious laryngotracheitis (LT) virus in tissue culture cells, unusual tubular formations were found in the cytoplasm of a small proportion of the affected cells. It is the purpose of this report to describe the morphologic characteristics of the tubules and to discuss their possible association with the development of virus.The source and maintenance of the strain of LT virus have been described. Prior to this study, the virus was passed several times in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) tissue culture cells.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3397-3412
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Brown ◽  
David Trembath ◽  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Gail T. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Book Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document