scholarly journals Improving the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in multiple sclerosis: the role of new psychometric methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hobart ◽  
S Cano
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychometric Methods

scholarly journals Gut microbiota–specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (53) ◽  
pp. eabc7191
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Pröbstel ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhou ◽  
Ryan Baumann ◽  
Sven Wischnewski ◽  
Michael Kutza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Active Multiple Sclerosis

Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota–specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.

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