scholarly journals Integrating regional development and planning into “spatial planning” in Finland: The untapped potential of the Kainuu experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Purkarthofer ◽  
Hanna Merikki Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Impacts

With Finland’s accession to the European Union in 1995, a regional level of administration responsible for regulation-based land-use planning and incentive-driven regional development policy was introduced. The administration of both policies on the same spatial scale and within the same organisation suggests increased coordination of spatial impacts and a move towards an integrated conception of spatial planning. In practice, however, the relationship of these two fields remains ambiguous. In the Finnish case, one potential explanation for this detachment lies in the de facto weakness of the regional scale. In the Kainuu region in Northeastern Finland, ambitions to strengthen the regional scale resulted in a self-government experiment between 2005 and 2012. This article addresses the implementation of this experiment, its implications for integrated regional governance and the lessons to be learned for the upcoming regional reform in Finland.

The impact of the ESA 2010 on statistics of the general government sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Olga Leszczyńska-Luberek
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
European System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Excessive Deficit Procedure

The author presents the importance of the new European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010) for statistics of the general government sector. She pays particular attention to the development of data for the excessive deficit procedure. The article explains the methodological changes made to the studies in this field parallel to the ESA 2010. It discusses, among others, issues related to defining the deficit and debt of the general government, as well as the determination of a new way registering transfer of liabilities of pension schemes. It also presents the impact of new methodological guidelines for the relationship of deficit and debt to GDP in the Member States of the European Union.

scholarly journals Relationship of Participative planning, Planning Alignment and Regional Development Performance: Evidence from Special Region of Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Andilo Toham ◽  
Ernan Rustiadi ◽  
Bambang Juanda ◽  
Rilus Kinseng
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
Relationship Of

Participatory planning is a necessity. Unfortunately, participatory planning has various problems that make it ineffective. Human resource capacity as an input factor for participatory planning is still inadequate. The participatory planning process has not optimized the best way of producing the outputs that are needed by the community. Spatial aspects of planning, activities in the space, and budgeting must be aligned. However, empirical facts show the inconsistency of development planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between community participation in planning and regional development performance through spatial planning, development, and budget planning alignment, as the mediating variable. This study explore measurement of all three variables using quantitative indicators. The results of this study, using SEM PLS, indicate that the direct relationship of community participation and the performance of infrastructure development is significant if it does not include the mediation variable.  Process, results of participatory planning, alignment of spatial and development plans, and alignment of strategic plans with work plans are significant variables. Therefore, local governments need to make efforts to improve participation processes in spatial planning and development so as to improve the regional development planning alignment and performance

The changing landscape of local authority commissioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Dave Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter assesses the history of the relationship between public and private sectors and the extent to which the political and regulatory environment of governments and institutions such as the European Union (EU) can help or hinder the efforts of public bodies in seeking to deliver services that determine the health and quality of life for communities. The relationship of public and private sectors in the United Kingdom (UK) and the commissioning, procurement, and development of public–private partnerships is driven by the prevailing political and economic environment. However, rigorous academic research on the benefits of partnering to organisations, societies and between countries is limited. Evidence is needed to fill the policy vacuum. A bolder approach is necessary to work with public and private sectors to develop and implement successful partnering alternatives to the outsourcing of public services. The growing catalogue of outsourcing failures in construction, probation, rail franchising, health, and social care is creating an appetite for change, and the exit of the UK from the EU provides the opportunity.

Parody—Nature and Definition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Sabine Jacques
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the nature and definition of parody in the context of copyright law. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has introduced two requirements that must be satisfied before a work may be considered a ‘parody’: firstly, it must ‘evoke an existing work while being noticeably different from it’, and secondly, it must ‘constitute an expression of humour or mockery’. The chapter first traces the origin and history of parody in the arts, including music, before discussing the relationship of parody with concepts such as satire, caricature, and pastiche. It then examines why a parody exception has been considered necessary in copyright law. The chapter goes on to analyse the legal evolution of parody in France, Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, showing that the existing international human rights framework may influence the definition of parody in intellectual property law.

6. General principles of law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Woods ◽  
Philippa Watson ◽  
Marios Costa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the development of the general principles by the Court of Justice (CJ) to support the protection of human rights in the European Union (EU) law. It analyses the relationship of the general principles derived from the CJ’s jurisprudence to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCFR). It discusses the possible accession of the EU to the ECHR and the implications of Opinion 2/13. It suggests that although the protection of human rights has been more visible since the Lisbon Treaty and there are now more avenues to such protection, it is debatable whether the scope and level of protection has increased.

13. Union liability in tort: action for damages

2020 ◽  
pp. 305-324
Author(s):  
Marios Costa ◽  
Steve Peers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the action for damages related to European Union (EU) liability in tort. It discusses the scope and the elements of non-contractual liability and liability for wrongful acts or omissions under Article 340(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The chapter also explains the relationship of Article 340 TFEU with Articles 263 and 265 TFEU. It considers the restrictive rules in relation to assessment of damages and causation. The chapter highlights the need for European Courts to balance the conflicting interests of permitting flexibility in decision-making and protecting individuals who may suffer as a result of such action.

REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING OF LATGALE REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Sandra Ezmale
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This paper offers a contribution to contemporary studies of spatial planning. In particular, it focuses on the relationship between competitiveness and spatial planning. In the topical academic debates, there has been a growing interest in raising new paradigms to introduce innovative ways of undertaking long-lasting regional development problems. Territorial assets and spatial qualities have increasingly been regarded as factors for attracting on economic activities and increasing the competitiveness of regions. Spatial and non-spatial policies, planning documents, may have a significant role in enhancing the competitiveness of regions and territories by changing endogenous factors and producing shifts related to positioning and increasing the competitiveness of regions. This paper contains an analysis of competitiveness dimensions in the spatial planning documents of     Latgale planning region (Latvia) by focusing on a quantitative analysis of the specific dimensions of competitiveness.  

4 Legal Acts, 4.5 Case T-315/01, Yassin Abdullah Kadi v Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities, 21 September 2005, [2005] ECR II-3649 (Kadi I CFI); Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Yassin Abdullah Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission , Court of Justice of the EC [2008] ECR I-6351 (Kadi I ECJ); Case T-85/09, Kadi v Commission [2010] ECR II-5177 (Kadi II GCEU); Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P, Commission and United Kingdom v Kadi , Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 July 2013 (Kadi II CJEU)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzanakopoulos Antonios
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Grand Chamber ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This casenote reviews and discusses the series of decisions regarding sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council against Yassin Abdullah Kadi, as implemented in the EU legal order. In this series of cases, the EU Courts at different times take different positions regarding the relationship of the UN and the EU legal order, as well as their power to review EU acts implementing Security Council sanctions and (indirectly) the sanctions themselves. The series of cases marks a watershed moment in UN Security Council targeted sanctions, forcing EU member states to disobey them and eventually leading to the creation and strengthening of an internal UN review mechanism, the Office of the Ombudsperson.

scholarly journals Estimation of Soil Heavy Metal Content Using Hyperspectral Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Yiping Peng ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Guangxing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Quickly and efficiently monitoring soil heavy metal content is crucial for protecting the natural environment and for human health. Estimating heavy metal content in soils using hyperspectral data is a cost-efficient method but challenging due to the effects of complex landscapes and soil properties. One of the challenges is how to make a lab-derived model based on soil samples applicable to mapping the contents of heavy metals in soil using air-borne or space-borne hyperspectral imagery at a regional scale. For this purpose, our study proposed a novel method using hyperspectral data from soil samples and the HuanJing-1A (HJ-1A) HyperSpectral Imager (HSI). In this method, estimation models were first developed using optimal relevant spectral variables from dry soil spectral reflectance (DSSR) data and field observations of soil heavy metal content. The relationship of the ratio of DSSR to moisture soil spectral reflectance (MSSR) with soil moisture content was then derived, which built up the linkage of DSSR with MSSR and provided the potential of applying the models developed in the laboratory to map soil heavy metal content at a regional scale using hyperspectral imagery. The optimal relevant spectral variables were obtained by combining the Boruta algorithm with a stepwise regression and variance inflation factor. This method was developed, validated, and applied to estimate the content of heavy metals in soil (As, Cd, and Hg) in Guangdong, China, and the Conghua district of Guangzhou city. The results showed that based on the validation datasets, the content of Cd could be reliably estimated and mapped by the proposed method, with relative root mean square error (RMSE) values of 17.41% for the point measurements of soil samples from Guangdong province and 17.10% for the Conghua district at the regional scale, while the content of heavy metals As and Hg in soil were relatively difficult to predict with the relative RMSE values of 32.27% and 28.72% at the soil sample level and 51.55% and 36.34% at the regional scale. Moreover, the relationship of the DSSR/MSSR ratio with soil moisture content varied greatly before the wavelength of 1029 nm and became stable after that, which linked DSSR with MSSR and provided the possibility of applying the DSSR-based models to map the soil heavy metal content at the regional scale using the HJ-1A images. In addition, it was found that overall there were only a few soil samples with the content of heavy metals exceeding the health standards in Guangdong province, while in Conghua the seriously polluted areas were mainly distributed in the cities and croplands. This study implies that the new approach provides the potential to map the content of heavy metals in soil, but the estimation model of Cd was more accurate than those of As and Hg.

scholarly journals The Method of Planning Green Infrastructure System with the Use of Landscape-Functional Units (Method LaFU) and its Implementation in the Wrocław Functional Area (Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak ◽  
Justyna Rubaszek ◽  
Jerzy Potyrała ◽  
Paweł Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
The City

Green infrastructure (GI) is planned at various scales, including a regional one: city-regions. Strategic GI planning included in the city-regions spatial development policy can contribute to their sustainable development through, among others, providing a range of ecosystem services. In order to meet the challenge of planning GI on a regional scale, the authors present the Method of Landscape-Functional Units (Method LaFU), which is used for the planning and evaluation of such systems. This method was tested in the Wrocław Functional Area (WFA), which is characterized by many negative processes, primarily uncontrolled development of built-up areas, fragmentation of landscape, and declining natural and semi-natural areas. The presented results show the effectiveness of the Method LaFU in GI planning and, above all, in its assessment, which makes it possible to identify problem areas that are at risk but still important for the functioning of the GI system. This allows for quick decision making by entities responsible for spatial planning in the region. The proposed method can also be used in other city-regions.

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