scholarly journals Biochemical methane potential of kraft bleaching effluent and codigestion with other in-mill streams

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Fitamo ◽  
Olli Dahl ◽  
Emma Master ◽  
Torsten Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Organic Halogens ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

A biochemical methane potential assay was conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestibility of bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping and the potential of codigestion with other effluents from an integrated pulp and paper mill. Four in-mill streams were tested individually and in combination: total bleaching effluent, alkaline bleaching effluent, kraft evaporator condensate, and chemithermomechanical pulping effluent. The total bleaching effluent, consisting of the chlorine dioxide bleaching and alkaline bleaching effluents, exhibited the highest potential for organic matter degradation and methane generation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ranged from 57%–76%, and methane generation was 220–280 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater, depending on the degree of dilution. When codigestion was tested, the composite consisting of total bleaching effluent, chemithermomechanical pulping effluent, and kraft condensate was most efficient in terms of COD removal (51%) and methane generation (200 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater). The total bleaching effluent is the largest contributor to the overall amount of wastewater at this mill; it contains relatively low concentrations of anaerobic inhibitors such as adsorbable organic halogens (36 mg/L), total sulfur (170 mg/L), and resin and fatty acids (3.2 mg/L). Therefore, the total bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping may be considered for full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment, either as a singular stream or as part of a composite stream including other in-mill effluents.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Agro-Based Pulp Mill Effluent by Microbial Consortium Comprising Autochthonous Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Purnima Dhall ◽  
Rita Kumar ◽  
Yogendra Prakash Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Paper Mills

Small-scale agro-based pulp and paper mills are characterized as highly polluting industries. These mills use Kraft pulping process for paper manufacturing due to which toxic lignified chemicals are released into the environment. Lack of infrastructure, technical manpower, and research and development facilities restricts these mills to recover these chemicals. Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the emanating stream is quite high. For solving the above problem, four bacteria were isolated from the premises of agro-based pulp and paper mill which were identified as species ofPseudomonas, Bacillus, Pannonibacter, andOchrobacterum. These bacteria were found capable of reducing COD up to 85%–86.5% in case of back water and 65-66% in case of back water : black liquor (60 : 40), respectively, after acclimatization under optimized conditions (pH 6.8, temperature 35°C, and shaking 200 rpm) when the wastewater was supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus as trace elements.

Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Åsa Sivard ◽  
Tomas Ericsson ◽  
Nippe Hylander ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Mikael Malmaeus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

In an environmentally harmonized society the most cost effective measures to reduce the total effluent discharges should be taken into account. Generalised discharge values are presented for organic material and nutrients in this paper. Depending on conditions in the receiving water any of these parameters can be the determining factor for the eutrophication and oxygen demand. These parameters can be generalized into equivalent loads of TOC, nitrogen or phosphorus by recalculation according to the Redfield ratio. The cost for reduction of organic material and nutrients from a pulp and paper mill is calculated as a cost per unit pollutant (cost equivalent). This cost equivalent is compared with alternative costs, expressed in the same way, for reduction of organic material and nutrients in adjacent industries, municipal treatment plants, impact from transportation, farming, air deposits etc. In order to find where the most cost efficient measures for the society should be taken the cost equivalent for the mill is compared with the alternative measures and their equivalent costs.

Water Quality of the River Sava at the Inflow of a Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Cibulić
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
High Concentrations

The results of investigations into the effects of wastewaters from pulp and paper production on the River Sava are presented in this paper. Two situations were studied, i.e., when the treatment plant was in operation and when it was not working. The results of the investigations indicated that the wastewaters had significant effects on the Sava. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were increased and some toxic substances were present at high concentrations, e.g., phenols, oils and grease, dyestuff, etc. The negative influence of the wastewaters was greater during the summer, at low water levels in the Sava. The Sava is a tributary of the River Danube, into which the pollution from this river finally flows. Regardless of the water flow rates, toxic substances are constantly accumulating, and, as a result, even such large systems as the Danube and the Sava are becoming more and more polluted.

Improving pulp yield for integrated southern hardwood kraft mills—significance and impact on chemical recovery, steam and power generation, and bleaching

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. ANDREWS ◽  
PETER W. HART
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Impact

Researchers have been attempting to improve the yield of bleachable-grade kraft pulp for several decades. Wood is typically one of the major costs associated with kraft pulping. Therefore, it is typically assumed that improving pulp yield or conversely, reducing the amount of wood required to make a specific mass of pulp, is a cost-effective, lucrative endeavor. Although this may be true, it is important to understand the impact of increasing pulp yield on the interconnected processes within an integrated pulp and paper mill and to fully evaluate the cost implications on these processes. The current work employed several sets of laboratory pulping conditions and a WinGEMS model of a pulp mill, fully integrated with chemical recovery, power, and recausticization, and pulp drying islands to determine where the largest cost impact associated with improved pulp yield may be experienced.

Ozone pretreatment of olive mill wastewaters (OMW) and its effect on OMW biochemical methane potential (BMP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2712-2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsintavi ◽  
N. Pontillo ◽  
M. A. Dareioti ◽  
M. Kornaros
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Ozone Pretreatment ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Glass Bubble ◽  
Olive Mill

The possibility of coupling a physicochemical pretreatment (ozonation) with a biological treatment (anaerobic digestion) was investigated for the case of olive mill wastewaters (OMW). Batch ozonation experiments were performed in a glass bubble reactor. The parameters which were tested included the ozone concentration in the inlet gas stream, the reactor temperature and the composition of the liquid medium in terms of raw or fractionated OMW used. In the sequel, ozone-pretreated OMW samples were tested for their biochemical methane potential (BMP) under mesophilic conditions and these results were compared to the BMP of untreated OMW. The ozonation process alone resulted in a 57–76% decrease of total phenols and a 5–18% decrease of total carbohydrates contained in OMW, depending on the experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the ozone-pretreated OMW exhibited lower chemical oxygen demand removal and methane production during BMP testing compared to the untreated OMW.

scholarly journals Biochemical Methane Potential Assessment by Anaerobic Digestion of Locally Available Grasses of Phuentsholing, Bhutan

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Yeshi Choden ◽  
Samten Zangmo ◽  
Saahin Tamang ◽  
Thinley Gyeltshen ◽  
Karma Phuntshok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Potential

Renewable energy is not only environmental friendly but also promotes sustainable development. Biogas being one of the abundantly used renewable resource, the enhancement and optimization of the yield of biogas can help in reduction of dependence on imported fuel. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assessment of grass will determine the production of methane (CH4) from this substrate through the process of anaerobic digestion. After determining the parameters such as pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total solids (TS) of three types of local grasses known as Basil, Bermuda and Napier, that affects the production of biogas, Napier grass resulted with the highest potential to produce CH4 gas. Batch and continuous reactor method under mesophilic condition was adopted. The composition of biogas from continuous reactor was obtained using a biogas analyzer (Biogas 5000 Geotech), from which 30.8% of CH4,  8% of CO2 and other inert gases were found. Also, methane to carbon dioxide (CH4: CO2) ratio of 3.81: 1 approximately (80% - 20%) was achieved. Moreover, the batch reactor method showed that 1L Napier grass silage would yield 0.81L of biogas. The concentration of CH4 gas from Napier grass in hydraulic retention time as short as 20 days was very significant. This study shows that Napier grass can be used as an alternative sustainable source of energy in the country which can improve resource constraints.

scholarly journals A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent – An alternative to conventional remedial technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Madan ◽  
Preeti Sachan ◽  
Utkarsh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used forthe treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document