Życie i Zagłada w Hrubieszowie w oczach młodej warszawianki

2007 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Dariusz Libionka ◽  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
The Town

This text deals with the situation of the Jewish population of Hrubieszów between autumn 1941 and the first deportation action in June 1942. The author of the testimony is a woman by the name Dychterman, who came to Hrubieszów from the Warsaw ghetto. During the “action” she managed to leave for Warsaw. This testimony was written two weeks later, i.e. in late June 1942 by staff members of Ringelblum’s Archive. It stands out among other testimonies from Hrubieszów in the Warsaw Ghetto Archives, as it is full of details and complex description.  It also contains an interesting description of the Jewish community in the town, the living conditions and its everyday life. It also contains data of the Judenrat members as well as observations on the Christian-Jewish relations (i.e. between Jews and Poles or Ukrainians). The second part of the testimony describes the first liquidation action in Hrubieszów, the extermination action and the reactions of the Judenrat and that of the population towards the resettlement. The fate of the author remains unknown. Most likely she died during the “Great Action” in the Warsaw ghetto. This account has been used by historians, but never previously published.

The Synagogues of Łódź

1998 ◽  
pp. 154-168
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stefański
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Wooden Structure ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Municipal Authority ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Town

This chapter describes the synagogues in Łódź. The first synagogue in Łódź was built in 1809, the year in which a separate municipal authority was created, the town having previously been under the control of Lutomierz. The synagogue was a small wooden structure with a shingle roof, reflecting the modest economic circumstances of the Jewish community. Łódź experienced industrial growth from the 1820s, and there was a substantial increase in its Jewish population. By the end of the 1850s, the ramshackle condition and limited space of the old synagogue on Wolborska Street forced the Jewish community to plan for a new brick building. The Progressive Jews also planned to build a new house of prayer in the 1860s. The chapter then details the construction of the Progressive synagogue. The turn of the century witnessed extensive synagogue construction in Łódź; it was linked to a significant increase in the Jewish population. One of the reasons for the increase was the many so-called ‘Lithuanian’ Jews who settled in Łódź. These Jews, who were fleeing from persecution and pogroms, came from the easternmost area of the former republic and from Russia. They, too, began to build their own house of prayer in the closing years of the nineteenth century.

O niemieckim filmie propagandowym z warszawskiego getta. Przyczynek do analizy

2006 ◽  
pp. 351-373
Author(s):  
Maciej Kubicki
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Visual Materials

This article describes the circumstances in which a German crew shot a film in the Warsaw Ghetto in May and June 1942. The author employs visual materials and eyewitness' accounts of Warsaw Ghetto Jews. They are an important counterpoint, revealing the background and the persuasive dimension of the Nazi message. The text is aimed at an understanding of the propagandistic intention, rooted in the specifically Nazi techniques of persuasion. To do this, the author refers to the sources of anti-Semitic imaginarium and the modes of depiction of the Jew as an enemy figure. The reconstruction of the image of the Jewish community in this film is reinforced by references to broader ideological and socio-cultural contexts.

Guest is God

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Thomases
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Town

This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Pushkar, a Hindu pilgrimage site in northwestern India whose population of 20,000 sees an influx of two million visitors each year. Since the 1970s, the town has also received considerable attention from international tourists, a group with distinctly hippie beginnings but that now includes visitors from a wide spectrum of social positions and religious affiliations. To locals, though, Pushkar is more than just a gathering place for pilgrims and tourists: it is where Brahma, the creator god, made his home; it is where pilgrims feel blessed to stay, if only for a short time; and it is where Hindus would feel lucky to be reborn, if only as an insect. In short, it is their paradise. But even paradise needs upkeep. Thus, on a daily basis the town’s locals, and especially those engaged in pilgrimage and tourism, work to make Pushkar paradise. The book explores this massive enterprise to build “heaven on earth,” paying particular attention to how the articulation of sacred space becomes entangled with economic changes brought on by globalization and tourism. As such, the author not only attends to how tourism affects everyday life in Pushkar but also to how Hindu ideas determine the nature of tourism there; the goal, then, is to show how religion and tourism can be mutually constitutive.

Synagogue as Infrastructure in Everyday Life of Batumi Jewish Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Nino Abakelia
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
And Function

Abstract The subject under scrutiny is Sephardic and Ashkenazi synagogues in Batumi (the Black Sea Region of Georgia) that reveal both universal and culturally specific forms. The paper is based on ethnographic data gathered during fieldwork in Batumi, in 2019, and on the theoretical postulates of anthropology of infrastructure. The article argues that the Batumi synagogues could be viewed and understood as ‘infrastructure’ in their own right, as they serve as objects through which other objects, people, and ideas operate and function as a system. The paper attempts to demonstrate how the sacred edifices change their trajectory according to modern conditions and how the sacred place is inserted and coexists inside a network of touristic infrastructure.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND HOUSEHOLD ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIAL SETTLERS-CHECHENS IN ZYRYANOVSKY DISTRICT OF EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Т. Kazbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Household Arrangement

The article is based on the analysis of archival documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time and examines the process of economic and labor settlement of special settlers-Chechens who were subjected to repeated internal resettlement in the Zyryanovsky district (now the Altai district) East Kazakhstan region in the first years of settlement. Тhe study identified the main problems faced by special settlers-Chechens in the Zyryanov district. Social and living conditions of special settlers were reconstructed. Housing conditions, medical care and everyday life are considered. On the basis of the studied materials, the attitude of special settlers to new living conditions and the host society to the special component is shown. The author, relying on archival materials, comes to the conclusion that repeated internal migrations of special settlers-Chechens did not solve social problems.

scholarly journals The Jewish population of Sofia in the 18th century according to the documents of the kadi’s court

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Anna A. Leontyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Initial Stage

The Jewish were one of the most numerous ethnic groups among the urban population of the Ottoman Empire’s Balkan provinces, and the Jewish community in Bulgaria is one of the oldest in Europe. In the Ottoman state, the co-existence of different religious representatives as determined by the millet system, which was adopted by the Ottoman Turks from other Muslim states and developed at the initial stage of the Empire's existence. It assumed a certain autonomy for religious communities. The Jewish community had its own religious court, beit-din, with the help of which civil cases were resolved. The Jewish Religious Court forbade representatives of the Jewish community from appealing to the Sharia courts on issues within its competence. However, if the parties to a legal dispute were a zimmi (i.e. non-Muslims) and a Muslim, then the dispute should have been unconditionally considered in a Sharia court with the application of the norms of Islamic law. An analysis of the kadi court’s documents related to the cases of representatives of other confessions makes it possible to draw some conclusions about their occupations and the degree of integration into the urban society of Sofia. So, we can refute the thesis about the semi-autonomous existence of Jewish quarters in Balkan cities – we can talk about the erosion of the ethnic isolation of the places of residence of Jews in Sofia, and their active settlement, first of all, traditionally Christian quarters. An analysis of the source allows us to conclude that Jews actively interacted with representatives of other religions, participating in transactions for the sale of property with Muslims, while often it was not so much about the sale of residential buildings but about investing capital. A large number of shop sales deals testifies to the fact that members of the Jewish community had an active business life.

Everyday Life in Wartime Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Mick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses everyday life under foreign occupation during the Second World War. Living conditions were very different depending on class, race, location, and time. People living in Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union were not only much more exposed to terror and mass crimes; their standards of living were also much lower than in western Europe. Some experiences, however, were shared. The chapter focuses on certain common daily experiences: procuring food and other daily necessities; the relationship between peasants and urban populations; the working and living conditions in cities and towns; the role of families and the importance of networks; and the impact of terror, destruction, and insecurity on society and individuals. Living under foreign occupation partly corrupted the moral standards governing human relations, but there was also solidarity which focused on a core group of people consisting of family and close friends.

Palestine’s Jewish Community Unites1

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-171
Author(s):  
Louis A. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
National Community ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Palestinian Population

During the years following the Young Turk Revolution, the Jewish community in Palestine, the Yishuv, started to unite, transforming into a national community, with Hebrew becoming the main form of communication, connecting Ashkenazim and the Sepharadim, religious and secular, and the Zionist and non-Zionist Jews. It also blurred differences between the Jewish immigrants and the local Jewish population. Through Ottomanism, Jews set out to claim their homeland, which included adopting an Ottoman identity, with some even joining the army out of a new sense of patriotism. By strengthening their ties with Istanbul, new divisions between the Jewish community and the local Palestinian population began to emerge.

Musical Analyses of Mordechai Gebirtig's Chosen Pieces

2018 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kaniowska
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
Language Of Music ◽  
Musical Analyses

Restoring the memory of the irretrievably lost word of a Jewish community is important for many reasons. To start with, familiarization with the unknown helps with better understanding of the everyday life of Polish Jews, often perceived as a hermetic society, rousing anxiety particularly among those who are totally unfamiliar with Jewish culture and traditions. Secondly, for the young, currently developing Jewish community, it is the way of building their identity by recalling their own historical roots. Gebirtig's creativity is portrayed in this chapter in two inextricably connected aspects: (1) the historical background of musical culture at the turn of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries in Cracow; (2) the perspective of analysis of the musical layers of his pieces. The study emphasizes how the universal language of music is of a crucial importance for building a dialogue based on education, cultivation of memory, and restoration of identity.

Three Documents on Anti-Jewish Violence in the Eastern Kresy during the Polish–Soviet Conflict

2001 ◽  
pp. 116-149
Author(s):  
Sarunas Liekis ◽  
Lidia Miliakova ◽  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Town

This chapter presents three documents describing the anti-Jewish violence in Lida and in Vilna in April 1919. The documents on Lida come from the collection of the supreme command of the Polish army in the holdings of the Tsentr khraneniia istoriko-dokumentalnykh kollektsii (Moscow Centre for the Preservation of Historical and Document Collections). Lida was a small town about 60 miles south of Vilna, with which it was linked by rail. In 1919, its population was about 5,500, of whom the majority were Jews (67.7 per cent according to the census of 1897). Disputes arose almost immediately after the town was recaptured by Polish forces in April 1919, on the scale and reasons for the anti-Jewish violence which followed the establishment of Polish control. On 18 April 1919, the report of the Polish central headquarters covering the military developments in Lida claimed that ‘the Jewish population assisted the Bolsheviks by shooting Polish troops’.

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