scholarly journals How Do Gender And Immigrant Background Affect A Company Owner's Decision to Engage In Direct Or Indirect Exporting?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing (Sara) Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Export Behavior ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
A Company

This research focuses on understanding the effects of gender and immigrant ownership on the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies indicate that female and male entrepreneurs have different qualities or experiences that might result in different export strategies. In addition, there is evidence that business owners with an immigrant background have export-enabling characteristics. Drawing on insights from social capital theory, I investigate the separate and joint effects of gender and immigrant background on the likelihood of SMEs to engage in direct exporting—i.e., selling goods or services directly to foreign customers—as opposed to indirect exporting—i.e., using an intermediary to sell goods or services to foreign customers—or not exporting at all. I analyzed a sample of 78 SMEs. The results show that female-majority-owned SMEs are less likely to export directly compared to male-majority-owned SMEs. Immigrant-owned SMEs are more likely to export directly, and particularly when they have male owners. Female-majority-owned SMEs’ propensity to export directly is not affected when their owners have an immigrant background. I will discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and show how they may serve as a guide to improve the design and implementation of policies targeted at immigrant export businesses.

scholarly journals How Do Gender And Immigrant Background Affect A Company Owner's Decision to Engage In Direct Or Indirect Exporting?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing (Sara) Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Export Behavior ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
A Company

This research focuses on understanding the effects of gender and immigrant ownership on the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies indicate that female and male entrepreneurs have different qualities or experiences that might result in different export strategies. In addition, there is evidence that business owners with an immigrant background have export-enabling characteristics. Drawing on insights from social capital theory, I investigate the separate and joint effects of gender and immigrant background on the likelihood of SMEs to engage in direct exporting—i.e., selling goods or services directly to foreign customers—as opposed to indirect exporting—i.e., using an intermediary to sell goods or services to foreign customers—or not exporting at all. I analyzed a sample of 78 SMEs. The results show that female-majority-owned SMEs are less likely to export directly compared to male-majority-owned SMEs. Immigrant-owned SMEs are more likely to export directly, and particularly when they have male owners. Female-majority-owned SMEs’ propensity to export directly is not affected when their owners have an immigrant background. I will discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and show how they may serve as a guide to improve the design and implementation of policies targeted at immigrant export businesses.

SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY: ACADEMIC SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1169-1180
Author(s):  
Jelena Filipovic ◽  
◽  
Maja Arslanagic Kalajdzic
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory

Transforming Academic Library Services for At-risk Students in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Literature Review

Mousaion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Lawal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution

This paper examines academic library services to at-risk students in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). It aims to explore theoretical approaches that can direct more targeted support and service models as an intervention for students who are at risk of failure. The paper specifically analyses Nan Lin’s concept of social capital theory with its particular emphasis on social network analysis. The study which directed this paper, employed a conceptual analysis as a methodology by which the literature review was used as a basis for analysing the research questions of the paper. Outcomes from the analysis indicate that Lin’s concept of social capital theory has the potential to provide a method for measuring social capital that can be assessed against information seeking outcomes. Recommendations suggest the importance of the theory as a methodological tool for investigating relationships between individuals and their social contexts, which could also be adopted by academic libraries in higher education to enhance students’ learning outcomes and educational experience in the 4IR.

scholarly journals Getting a Child through Secondary School and to College in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler W. Myroniuk ◽  
Reeve Vanneman ◽  
Sonalde Desai
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
High Status ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Parental Experience ◽  
Educational Demand ◽  
Nationally Representative

In the classic formulations of social capital theory, families employ their social capital resources to enhance other capitals, in particular their human capital investments. Social capital would seem to be especially important in the case of India, where, in recent years, higher education has been under considerable stress with rising educational demand, inadequate supply, and little parental experience to guide children's transition through the education system. We use the 2005 and 2012 waves of the nationally representative India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to show how relatively high-status connections advantage some families' chances of their children reaching educational milestones such as secondary school completion and college entry. The 2005 IHDS survey measure of a household's formal sector contacts in education, government, and health predicts their children's educational achievements by the second wave, seven years later, controlling for households' and children's initial backgrounds.

Social capital and the learning organization

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
Wan Idros Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Maizatul Haizan Mahbob ◽  
Shahrul Nazmi Sannusi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

Department of Information of Malaysia is one of the public organizations directly involved in the provision of information to the public. To ensure that all services rendered acceptable, organizational communication in the Department of Information should be given serious consideration so that each activity can be transformed properly. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess organizational communication in a learning organization in order to see the extent to which employees have a description of social capital and support to the organization of learning activities. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship that is formed through the social interactions between workers and management by integrating the four aspects of social capital, namely social trust, institutional trust, social norms and networking. For this purpose, a total of 190 respondents from the Information Department headquarters staff in Putrajaya was selected for this study. The study uses questionnaires as research tool and analyses key findings using the Pearson correlation test to examine relationships between various aspects. The study also applied social capital theory as the basis of research framework the when analyzing findings. The results showed that staff describe positive social capital within the organization and consider organizational learning as a strategy to improve the performance of the department in the future.

scholarly journals Alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (174-175) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Natasa Golubovic ◽  
Srdjan Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the great interest for the concept and a considerable number of papers that deal with the subject of social capital, yet there is no unique and consistent definition of social capital. Forming a consistent theory of social capital is hindered by the presence of several different approaches in the analysis of this phenomenon. Depending on the author?s theoretical position in the definition of social capital or the analysis of its sources, components and outcomes, the emphasis rests on different social processes and relationships. The aim of this paper is to analyze alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital, their advantages and shortfalls, and their implications for the development of the social capital theory.

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