scholarly journals Looking on the bright side reduces worry in pregnancy: Training interpretations in pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette R. Hirsch ◽  
Frances Meeten ◽  
Jill M. Newby ◽  
Sophie O’Halloran ◽  
Calum Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Negative Thought ◽  
Perinatal Anxiety ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Modification Condition ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Recent evidence suggests that anxiety is more common than depression in the perinatal period, however there are few interventions available to treat perinatal anxiety. Targeting specific processes that maintain anxiety, such as worry, may be one potentially promising way to reduce anxiety in this period. Given evidence that negative interpretation bias maintains worry, we tested whether interpretation bias could be modified, and whether this in turn would lead to less negative thought (i.e., worry) intrusions, in pregnant women with high levels of worry. Method Participants (N = 49, at least 16 weeks gestation) were randomly assigned to either an interpretation modification condition (CBM-I) which involved training in accessing positive meanings of emotionally ambiguous scenarios, or an active control condition in which the scenarios remained ambiguous and unresolved. Results Relative to the control condition, participants in the CBM-I condition generated significantly more positive interpretations and experienced significantly less negative thought intrusions. Conclusions Our findings indicate that worry is a modifiable risk factor during pregnancy, and that it is possible to induce a positive interpretation bias in pregnant women experiencing high levels of worry. Although preliminary, our findings speak to exciting clinical possibilities for the treatment of worry and the prevention of perinatal anxiety.

scholarly journals Varices of the round ligament mimicking an inguinal hernia – an important differential diagnosis during pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. e10-e11 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Dent ◽  
A Al Samaraee ◽  
PE Coyne ◽  
C Nice ◽  
M Katory
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Emergency Repair ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a recognised risk factor for the development of inguinal hernias due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Whilst often managed conservatively until after the pregnancy, if the hernia presents acutely as a painful or tender groin lump, urgent or emergency repair may be required. Many clinicians rely heavily on clinical examination alone in order to diagnose the presence of such a hernia. In pregnancy, however, in order to prevent unnecessary surgery, the use of ultrasound has a more important role to play in reaching this diagnosis. We report a cautionary case that highlights the need for ultrasound evaluation of all painful groin lumps in pregnant women prior to considering surgery.

scholarly journals ‘Asking for help’: a qualitative interview study exploring the experiences of interpersonal counselling (IPC) compared to low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for women with depression during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ingram ◽  
Debbie Johnson ◽  
Heather A. O’Mahen ◽  
Roslyn Law ◽  
Iryna Culpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Treating depression early in pregnancy can improve health outcomes for women and their children. Current low-intensity psychological therapy for perinatal depression is a supported self-help approach informed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles. Interpersonal counselling (IPC) may be a more appropriate low-intensity talking therapy for addressing the problems experienced by pregnant women with depression. A randomised feasibility trial (ADAGIO) has compared the acceptability of offering IPC for mild-moderate antenatal depression in routine NHS services compared to low-intensity CBT. This paper reports on a nested qualitative study which explored women’s views and expectations of therapy, experiences of receiving IPC, and Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWPs - junior mental health workers) views of delivering the low-intensity therapy. Methods A qualitative study design using in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Thirty-two pregnant women received talking therapy within the ADAGIO trial; 19 contributed to the interview study from July 2019 to January 2020; 12 who had IPC and seven who had CBT. All six PWPs trained in IPC took part in a focus group or interview. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, anonymised, and analysed using thematic methods. Results Pregnant women welcomed being asked about their mental health in pregnancy and having the chance to have support in accessing therapy. The IPC approach helped women to identify triggers for depression and explored relationships using strategies such as ‘promoting self-awareness through mood timelines’, ‘identifying their circles of support’, ‘developing communication skills and reciprocity in relationships’, and ‘asking for help’. PWPs compared how IPC differed from their prior experiences of delivering low-intensity CBT. They reported that IPC included a useful additional emotional component which was relevant to the perinatal period. Conclusions Identifying and treating depression in pregnancy is important for the future health of both mother and child. Low-intensity perinatal-specific talking therapies delivered by psychological wellbeing practitioners in routine NHS primary care services in England are acceptable to pregnant women with mild-moderate depression. The strategies used in IPC to manage depression, including identifying triggers for low mood, and communicating the need for help, may be particularly appropriate for the perinatal period. Trial registration ISRCTN 11513120. 02/05/2019.

scholarly journals Cross Sectional Study of Zinc, Copper and Magnesium Levels in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Balaji B R ◽  
K N Pujari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Spiral Artery ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
In Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy related high blood pressure disorder. It involves defective trophoblast invasion and decreased spiral artery remodelling. Alterations in micronutrients have been identified as one of the risk factor of preeclampsia. In this study we have estimated the levels of zinc, copper, iron and magnesium in preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Our study revealed a significant decrease of zinc, copper and magnesium levels and significant increase of iron levels in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnant women. Thus assessment of micronutrients in pregnancy helps in decreasing the incidence of preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Zinc, Copper, Iron, Magnesium.

scholarly journals Preponderance of bacterial isolates in urine of HIV-positive malaria-infected pregnant women with urinary tract infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwashie Ajibade Ako-Nai ◽  
Blessing Itohan Ebhodaghe ◽  
Patrick Osho ◽  
Ebun Adejuyigbe ◽  
Folasade Mubiat Adeyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: This study examined HIV and malaria co-infection as a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnancy. The study group included 74 pregnant women, 20 to 42 years of age, who attended the antenatal clinic at the Specialist Hospital at Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Forty-four of the pregnant women were either HIV seropositive with malaria infection (HIV+Mal+) or HIV seropositive without malaria (HIV+Mal-). The remaining thirty pregnant women served as controls and included women HIV seronegative but with malaria (HIV-Mal+) and women HIV seronegative without malaria. UTI was indicated by a bacterial colony count of greater than 105/mL of urine, using cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium (CLED) as the primary isolation medium. Bacterial isolates were characterized using convectional bacteriological methods, and antibiotics sensitivity tests were carried out using the disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 246 bacterial isolates were recovered from the cultures, with a mean of 3.53 isolates per subject. Women who were HIV+Mal+ had the most diverse group of bacterial isolates and the highest frequency of UTIs. The bacterial isolates from the HIV+Mal+ women also showed the highest degree of antibiotic resistance. Conclusions: While pregnancy and HIV infection may each represent a risk factor for UTI, HIV and malaria co-infection may increase its frequency in pregnancy. The higher frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance observed among the isolates, particularly isolates from HIV+Mal+ subjects, poses a serious public health concern as these strains may aggravate the prognosis of both UTI and HIV infection.

scholarly journals Clinical and microbiological rationale for the prophylaxis of obstetric and perinatal pathology caused by group B streptococci

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Vladislav O. Khvan ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Svetlana L. Zatsiorskaya ◽  
Galina V. Grinenko ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Group B ◽  
Preterm Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Bacteriuria caused by group B streptococci (GBS) is a major risk factor for neonatal GBS associated pathology and a risk factor for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and preterm rupture of membranes. Objective. Clinical and microbiological rationale for the prophylaxis of obstetrical and perinatal pathology associated with group B streptococci. Methods. A total of 496 pregnant women who made their first prenatal visit within first 12 weeks of gestation were invited to participate. As clinical samples, mid-stream urine, vaginal swabs, rectal swabs from women and inguinal swabs, urine, meconium from newborn infants were used. GBS detection was performed using culture and PCR. Results. The frequency of GBS detection was 16.3%. GBS associated bacteriuria was detected in 9.8% of the women. The women having GBS in urine at the beginning of pregnancy were significantly more often colonized with the microorganism late in pregnancy in comparison with the women with GBS-colonization of the vagina and/or rectum. Microbiological efficiency of antibiotic therapy of GBS associated bacteriuria using amoxicillin/clavulanic acid exceeded 70%. Clinical efficiency of the therapy consisted in the reduction of preterm birth and preterm rupture of membranes by 25% and 40%, respectively. Conclusions. Antibiotic therapy of GBS associated bacteriuria results in a decrease of pregnancy complication, which necessitate its use. GBS-colonization of the vagina and rectum in pregnant women is transitory therefore antenatal screening for GBS aimed to prevent neonatal GBS-infection should be performed late in pregnancy or before delivery.

Abstract WMP54: Estimates of the U.S. Burden of Pregnancy-Associated Stroke Attributable to Common Vascular Risk Factors

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinaba Chatterjee ◽  
Neal S Parikh ◽  
Babak B Navi ◽  
Hooman Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
The U.S ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The incidence of pregnancy-associated stroke may be increasing. The degree to which this increase is associated with increases in common stroke risk factors is uncertain. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the change between 1999 through 2014 in the prevalence of common stroke risk factors among women 12-45 years of age. These risk factors were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia), which was ascertained using NIS, and diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking, which were ascertained using NHANES. We extracted previously published relative risk estimates for the association between each risk factor and ischemic stroke in pregnant women. Using these estimates, we calculated the attributable risk and expected number of ischemic strokes among pregnant women with each risk factor. We used the NIS to estimate the trend in ischemic strokes documented during a hospitalization for labor and delivery, and modeled trends in such strokes attributable to changes in the prevalence of each stroke risk factor over time. Results: The rate of ischemic stroke increased from 7.7 (95% CI, 5.0-10.5) per 100,000 deliveries in 1999-2000 to 12.7 (95% CI, 9.5-15.9) per 100,000 deliveries in 2013-2014 (Fig). Based on changes in the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diabetes, obesity, and smoking between 1999 and 2014, the expected increase in pregnancy-associated stroke attributable to these risk factors would be approximately 10%, in contrast to the nearly 65% relative increase in strokes documented during pregnancy hospitalizations during this period. Conclusions: Changes in the prevalence of common stroke risk factors explain a small fraction of the apparent increase in pregnancy-associated stroke in the U.S. during the past 2 decades.

COVID 19 INFECTION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PREMATURE DETACHMENT OF THE NORMALLY LOCATED PLACENTA

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
D.A. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
V.S. Verbitski ◽  
L.N. Vasileva ◽  
M.S. Verbitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
In Pregnancy

A retrospective analysis of childbirth was carried out in 298 women with confirmed COVID-19 infection (main group) who received treatment in the maternity hospital of the 6th City Clinical Hospital of Minsk in the period from April 14, 2020 to February 14, 2021. The control group included pregnant women who gave birth during 2017—2019 in this medical institution (total 12 812). There was an increase in the incidence of premature birth from 2.7 % in pregnant women in the control group to 5.7 % in patients with COVID-19. The pathology in pregnancy significantly increased the frequency of cesarean section — 45.6 % in patients with COVID -19 Women with COVID-19 infection significantly more often have such a severe complication as premature abruption of normally located placenta (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Repetitive negative thinking and interpretation bias in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette R. Hirsch ◽  
Frances Meeten ◽  
Calum Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Newby ◽  
Debra Bick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background Repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., worry about the future, rumination about the past) and the tendency to interpret ambiguous information in negative ways (interpretation bias) are cognitive processes that play a maintaining role in anxiety and depression, and recent evidence has demonstrated that interpretation bias maintains RNT. In the context of perinatal mental health, RNT has received minimal research attention (despite the fact that it predicts later anxiety and depression), and interpretation bias remains unstudied (despite evidence that it maintains depression and anxiety which are common in this period). Method We investigated the relationship between RNT, interpretation bias and psychopathology (depression, anxiety) in a pregnant sample (n = 133). We also recruited an age-matched sample of non-pregnant women (n = 104), to examine whether interpretation bias associated with RNT emerges for ambiguous stimuli regardless of its current personal relevance (i.e., pregnancy or non-pregnancy-related). Results As predicted, for pregnant women, negative interpretation bias, RNT, depression and anxiety were all positively associated. Interpretation bias was evident to the same degree for material that was salient (pregnancy-related) and non-salient (general), and pregnant and non-pregnant women did not differ. RNT was associated with interpretation bias for all stimuli and across the full sample. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to further investigate the impact of interpretation bias in pregnant women, and test the effectiveness of interventions which promote positive interpretations in reducing RNT in the perinatal period.

Hepatitis C Virus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Andes ◽  
Kerry Ellenberg ◽  
Amanda Vakos ◽  
James Collins ◽  
Kimberly Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to summarize recent demographic characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and the efficacy of risk-based versus universal screening. Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies that recognized hepatitis C as a primary or secondary outcome, with pregnant women as the population and written in English, were included. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts only, written in foreign language, or published prior to 1992. Two researchers independently screened all the studies by titles, abstracts, and full text. Conflicts were settled by a third researcher. Results A total of 698 studies were identified with 78 fitting inclusion criteria. In total, 69 epidemiologic and 9 comparison studies were found. Identified risk factors for HCV infection include intravenous or illicit drug use, sexually transmitted coinfection, high-risk behaviors in the partners, high parity, and history of miscarriages or abortions. Demographic characteristics associated with HCV include non-Hispanic white race, American Indian or Alaskan Native ethnicity, and increasing age. Providers may fail to adequately screen for each risk factor, and up to two-thirds of women with a known risk factor are not screened under current guidelines. Finally, up to 27% of HCV+ women have no identifiable risk factors for infection. Conclusion There is evidence that risk-based screening fails to identify a large proportion of HCV positive women in pregnancy and that pregnant women with HCV risk factors and consistent with current screening guidelines fail to be tested. We urge for the adoption of universal screening to identify these women and offer treatment.

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