I personal network in Italia

2012 ◽  
pp. 55-84
Author(s):  
Luigi Tronca
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Networks Of Support

This article provides an analysis of the main features of the personal networks capable of providing social support in Italy. The first part of the paper presents a theoretical and methodological discussion about the potentials and limits of the personal network analysis. In the second part, the author presents the method used in carrying out a survey on personal networks of a sample of the population residing in Italy. Through the use of the name generator, name interpreter, and name interrelator questionnaires, this survey enables to reconstruct the size, the contents, and the form of the personal networks of respondents. The contents analyzed are material resources, social credentials, contacts, and psychological support. The forms are studied through the concepts of structural holes and network closure. Moreover the personal networks are divided into the following social circles: relatives, friends, and acquaintances. The research was conducted on a sample of over 1.200 individuals. In the last part of the article the results of this research are presented and discussed. One of the findings of this research is that Italy is divided into two geographical areas, with respect to the presence of the personal networks of support: the inhabitants of Central and Northern Italy have personal networks much more extensive than the personal networks of the inhabitants of Southern Italy and of Italian Islands.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Social Support Received by Informal Caregivers: A Personal Network Analysis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rodríguez-Madrid ◽  
María del Río-Lozano ◽  
Rosario Fernandez-Peña ◽  
Jaime Jiménez-Pernett ◽  
Leticia García-Mochón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Function

Social support is an important predictor of the health of a population. Few studies have analyzed the influence of caregivers’ personal networks from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, structure, and function of informal caregiver support networks and to examine gender differences. It also aimed to explore the association between different network characteristics and self-perceived health among caregivers. We performed a social network analysis study using a convenience sample of 25 female and 25 male caregivers. A descriptive analysis of the caregivers and bivariate analyses for associations with self-perceived health were performed. The structural metrics analyzed were density; degree centrality mean; betweenness centrality mean; and number of cliques, components, and isolates. The variability observed in the structure of the networks was not explained by gender. Some significant differences between men and women were observed for network composition and function. Women received help mainly from women with a similar profile to them. Men’s networks were broader and more diverse and they had more help from outside family circles, although these outcomes were not statistically significant. Our results indicate the need to develop strategies that do not reinforce traditional gender roles, but rather encourage a greater sharing of responsibility among all parties.

scholarly journals Personal Network Analysis in the Study of Social Support: The Case of Chronic Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Fernández-Peña ◽  
José Molina ◽  
Oliver Valero
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Support Providers

In the context of chronic illness, the individual’s social and relational environment plays a critical role as it can provide the informal support and care over time, beyond healthcare and social welfare institutions. Social Network Analysis represents an appropriate theoretical and methodological approach to study and understand social support since it provides measures of personal network structure, composition and functional content. The aim of this mixed method study is to present the usefulness of Personal Network Analysis to explore social support in the context of chronic pain. Personal and support network data of 30 people with chronic pain (20 alters for each ego, 600 relationships in total) were collected, obtaining measures of personal network structure and composition as well as information about social support characteristics. Also, semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted to identify the context of their experience of pain, their limitations as regards leading an autonomous life, their social support needs and other aspects concerning the effect of pain on their social and relational lives. This approach shows the importance of non-kin social support providers and the significant role of non-providers in the personal networks of people suffering chronic pain.

Kinship, Ethnic Segregation and Multiculturalism in Singapore: A Relational Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Chua
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Ethnic Integration ◽  
Interethnic Contact ◽  
Kinship Relations

AbstractThe question of inter-ethnic integration and segregation in multicultural societies has been characterised by remarkable tensions at the level of public and scholarly debate between optimists who see 'good' inter-ethnic relations and pessimists who see 'bad' ones. In reality, the ethnic situation in multicultural societies is often more nuanced than these labels suggest. Using personal network analysis applied to a segment of Singapore society, I show that estimates of interethnic contact are highly-contingent upon a range of methodological and social factors. Substantively, I discuss how inter-ethnic interactions may often be hampered by in-group pressures arising from kinship relations. In practice, where 'keeping family' often means 'keeping ethnicity', kinship pre-eminence in everyday life tends to suppress inter-ethnic friendship in intimate regions of personal networks. By contrast, inter-ethnic integration is more readily seen in outer regions of personal networks, suggesting that 'multiculturalism' is, in practice, a form of society based on weak ties rather than strong bonds.

Personal Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Pescosolido ◽  
Edward B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Composition And Structure

Social networks are ubiquitous. The science of networks has shaped how researchers and society understand the spread of disease, the precursors of loneliness, the rise of protest movements, the causes of social inequality, the influence of social media, and much more. Egocentric analysis conceives of each individual, or ego, as embedded in a personal network of alters, a community partially of their creation and nearly unique to them, whose composition and structure have consequences. This volume is dedicated to understanding the history, present, and future of egocentric social network analysis. The text brings together the most important, classic articles foundational to the field with new perspectives to form a comprehensive volume ideal for courses in network analysis. The collection examines where the field of egocentric research has been, what it has uncovered, and where it is headed.

The embeddedness of social capital in personal networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
José Luis Molina ◽  
Alejandro García-Macías ◽  
Miranda J. Lubbers ◽  
Hugo Valenzuela-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Overlapping Sets

AbstractName generators (NGs) and position generators (PGs) have been used to measure resources embedded in personal relationships, namely social support and social capital, respectively. Comparisons of these measures adopted NGs that only elicit a small number of alters (max. 5). In this paper we explore whether the measurement of social capital with NGs eliciting larger personal networks (say 15 to 20 alters) gives more comparable results to the PG in terms of occupational prestige. To address this issue, we designed a personal network questionnaire that combined a multiple name generator (MNG) and a PG and enquired about alter characteristics and alter-alter ties for the two sets of nominations simultaneously, allowing their integrated analysis. The questionnaire was implemented in the software EgoNet to collect data from social/environmental entrepreneurs in Spain (N = 30) and Mexico (N = 30. The analysis shows that the two approaches capture mostly non-overlapping sets of personal network members, suggesting that the PG measured in this case available, but not accessed social capital. Remarkably the NG led to a higher average prestige for this occupational group than the PG, but also a lower heterogeneity in prestige. The consequences of using one or another approach and their interpretations are discussed.

scholarly journals Personal Support Networks of Young People with Mild Intellectual Disabilities during the Transition to Adult Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11810
Author(s):  
Judit Fullana ◽  
Gemma Díaz-Garolera ◽  
Carolina Puyaltó ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Rosario Fernández-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
Comparative Results

Social support networks occupy a priority position requiring attention in the processes of social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities, during their transition to adult life. The objective of the study was to analyze social support from a relational approach through Personal Network Analysis. A total of 41 young people with mild intellectual disabilities participated in the study, in two groups differentiated according to their educational stage, either compulsory secondary education or post-compulsory training. Descriptive and comparative results are presented based on the variables of structure, composition, and functional content in the social support of their personal networks. The results show that both groups have restricted personal networks, made up of members of the family and the educational environment who constitute the main providers of support. When moving towards adult life, the change in social contacts in other educational, geographical, and relational settings may mean a change in the provision of support received in previous life stages. Developing social and educational actions to support these people in the development and maintenance of social relationships is essential to their access to support resources that will affect their social inclusion.

scholarly journals Changes in Caregiver Personal Support Networks: Gender Differences and Effects on Health (CUIDAR-SE Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11723
Author(s):  
María Nieves Rodríguez-Madrid ◽  
María del Río-Lozano ◽  
Rosario Fernández-Peña ◽  
María del Mar García-Calvente
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
Network Losses ◽  
Over Time

Technological changes have led to important advances in medical diagnoses and treatments that prolong the informal care process. Support from the personal network of informal caregivers is an undervalued resource and the changes that have occurred over time are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in personal network support among informal caregivers and to examine the effect of these changes on self-perceived caregiver health, with a focus on differences between men and women and caregivers with high and low levels of burden We also investigated caregiver perceptions and explanations of changes to their support network (losses and additions and no change). Using a mixed-methods approach, data were obtained from 32 caregivers that were intentionally selected in Spain, who were interviewed twice with a one-year interval. In the quantitative phase, personal networks analysis was performed with Egonet software, which obtained data on the composition and functional content in social support from 1600 personal relationships (25 alters for each ego in the two waves). In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted in the two waves with a guide in order to explore the changes in informal support resources over time. The selected men with high levels of burden pointed out a loss of network support with more discouraging reports compared with the low-burden male caregivers. Furthermore, the selected women with low burden levels mentioned losses too; however, their reports were more positive. Women reported improved health, especially those with low burden scores in the first wave and those who did not lose support. Caregivers with a high initial burden and who lost support reported worse health, particularly men and women with a strong sense of duty toward care. Social support from personal networks is important for caregiver health and its effects are influenced by gender roles. Our findings could help by improving the relational and social capital of informal caregivers and adapting them to the new needs of formal home care systems.

scholarly journals Regional differences in mortality rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Luciano Silvestri ◽  
Ilaria Prosepe ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disease Diffusion

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 outbreak started in Italy on February 20th, 2020, and has resulted in many deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study aimed to illustrate the epidemic COVID-19 growth pattern in Italy by considering the regional differences in disease diffusion during the first three months of the epidemic. Study design and methods Official COVID-19 data were obtained from the Italian Civil Protection Department of the Council of Ministers Presidency. The mortality and ICU admission rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated at the regional level and summarized via a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Data were retrieved until April 21st, 2020. Results The highest cumulative mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in northern Italy, particularly in Lombardia (85.3, 95% credibility intervals [CI] 75.7–94.7). The difference in the mortality rates between northern and southern Italy increased over time, reaching a difference of 67.72 (95% CI = 66–67) cases on April 2nd. Conclusions Northern Italy showed higher and increasing mortality rates during the first three months of the epidemic. The uncontrolled virus circulation preceding the infection spreading in southern Italy had a considerable impact on system burnout. This experience demonstrates that preparedness against the pandemic is of crucial importance to contain its disruptive effects.

scholarly journals Analysis of User Social Support Network in Online Tumor Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Hui Lin ◽  
Shijuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Information Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Health

AbstractWith the development of Internet technology, online health forums have become indispensable for people who seek non-professional health support. This research focuses on the content posted by cancer patients and their relatives in online health forums and social networks to raise the following research questions: What is the overall view of the social support network in the online tumor community? What are the information behaviors of the online tumor community in different identities of users? How users interact in this community and build this network of social support? What are the topics users would like to share and talk about? What kinds of users could be the key users in this community? Method: Using the post and comment data of the Oncology Forum of Tianya Hospital in 2019, combined with social network analysis and word co-occurrence network analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) There are some central points in the overall social support network, and there are central users consistent with other social networks. (2) Positive users are more likely to comment on others, and it is easier to get others’ comments, while negative users are more likely to share personal information and do not want to participate more in social interaction. (3) Users focus on posting emotional and emotional content in content sharing. Information-based social support information. The social support experience that this type of information brings to users can be positive and negative. (4) The most active group in the patients’ online health community, followed by the patients’ children. (5) The relationship between users and patients is diverse and there are two types of singularity. Users with diverse relationships are more likely to be commented on, and they are more willing to comment on users who also have diverse relationships.

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