Dalla comunitŕ di villaggio allo stato. La ricerca-azione nella prassi operativa quotidiana dell'Ong cambogiana "krom"

2011 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Maddalena Gregori
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Sono Stati ◽  
Burn Out

L'articolo si occupa dell'intervento di sviluppo integrato (economico, sociale e individuale) svolto dall'Ong Krom Akphiwat Phum nell'area nord ovest della Cambogia all'indomani della fine della guerra che ha insanguinato il Paese per piů di vent'anni. L'intervento, iniziato nel 1993, si č proposto inizialmente di reintegrare nella societŕ cambogiana l'enorme massa di rifugiati provenienti dai campi profughi posti lungo i confini della Thailandia; successivamente, di offrire strumenti per lo sviluppo delle nuove comunitŕ cosě formate e infine di proporsi come sostegno per lo sviluppo di un movimento di base in grado di rapportarsi con le forze che governano il Paese in modo democratico e partecipato. La metodologia utilizzata da Krom č stata ed č tuttora quella dell'intervento-azione, con una presenza continuativa degli operatori nei villaggi e con un coinvolgimento diretto della popolazione nell'analisi dei problemi, nella scelta delle soluzioni e nell'elaborazione dei progetti di sviluppo. I risultati ottenuti sono stati superiori a quelli di altre Ong attive nello stesso periodo, soprattutto in termini di empowerment della popolazione e di self-efficacy. Ma, col tempo e con la sempre maggior complessitŕ degli interventi, alcuni elementi di criticitŕ hanno iniziato ad emergere, soprattutto per quanto riguarda i rapporti tra gli operatori e la struttura dell'Ong. In sostanza, da una recente valutazione esterna emergono tre rilevanti punti di criticitŕ: 1. la mancanza di ruoli certi e competenze professionali specifiche che rende la rotazione tra le diverse funzioni del Programme Management Team poco funzionale e di scarso sostegno per i membri dello staff; 2. la mancanza di un punto di vista esterno, una figura di supporto per gli operatori dello staff, che da troppi anni si relazionano tra loro e solo tra loro, e che cominciano a mostrare segni di burn out; 3. il confuso rapporto/concetto di potere, che porta l'Ong a doversi reinterrogare su quale sia la struttura (autorevole/democratica) piů giusta per funzionare al meglio.

scholarly journals Exploring the consequences of teachers’ self-efficacy: a case of teachers of English as a foreign language

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Alibakhshi ◽  
Fariborz Nikdel ◽  
Akram Labbafi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Efl Teachers

AbstractTeacher self-efficacy has been abundantly studied. However, it seems that the consequences of teachers’ self-efficacy have not been appropriately explored yet. The research objective was to investigate the consequences of teachers’ teaching self-efficacy. The researchers used a qualitative research method. They collected the data through semi-structured interviews with 20 EFL teachers who were selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were content analyzed thematically. Findings showed that self-efficacy has different consequences: pedagogical, learner-related, and psychological. Each consequence has several sub-categories. It is concluded that high self-efficacy affects teachers’ teaching practices, learners’ motivation, and achievement. It also affects teachers’ burn-out status, psychological being, as well as their job satisfaction. The findings can be theoretically and pedagogically important to EFL teachers, teacher-trainers, and administrators of educational settings.

scholarly journals Screening for burn-out in Australian medical students undertaking a rural clinical placement

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Isaac ◽  
Craig S McLachlan ◽  
Lucie Walters ◽  
Jennene Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Clinical Placement ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Burn Out

ObjectiveTo investigate Australian medical student burn-out during rural clinical placement. Second, to examine the association between perceived burn-out and rural career intent at the time of finishing their rural placement.Design, settings and participantsThe 2016 Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators evaluation survey is a cross-sectional study of medical students from 17 Australian universities. Specifically, those medical students who completed a full academic year or more at a Rural Clinical School (RCS). Responses from 638 medical students from regional Australia were analysed in the study of all eligible 756 medical students (response rate 84.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary objective was to determine self-reported burn-out (emotional exhaustion) in rural placements for medical students. Secondary outcome measures were designed to explore interactions with rural practice self-efficacy and rural intentions. Logistic regression models explored factors associated with burn-out.Results26.5% of students reported experiencing burn-out during a rural placement. Factors associated with burn-out were female gender, rural origin, low preference for RCS, stress in the year prior to a rural clinical placement, perceived social isolation during rural placement and lower rural practice self-efficacy. Burn-out was not associated with rural career intentions. Social isolation and low rural self-efficacy were independently associated with burn-out during rural placement and together explained 10% of variance in burn-out (Model Nagelkerke R2=0.23).ConclusionBurn-out during rural placement may be a consequence of stress prior to a medical school placement. Social isolation and rural self-efficacy are amendable factors to mitigate medical student burn-out during rural placements.

La presa in carico del paziente con sclerosi laterale amiotrofica: questioni etiche nelle varie fasi della malattia

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-967
Author(s):  
Carlo Pasetti ◽  
Giovanna Zanini
Keyword(s):  
Sono Stati ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Gestione Clinica ◽  
Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica

Molti sono stati i cambiamenti che si sono verificati in questi ultimi anni nella prassi clinica e nella presa in carico del paziente con sclerosi laterale amiotrofica, nonostante la perdurante assenza di terapie farmacologiche efficaci. Tali cambiamenti possono essere così riassunti: a) sul piano clinico: l’istituzione di unità interdisciplinari di trattamento alla SLA; la possibilità di impiego di nuove procedure terapeutiche in grado non di modificare la prognosi della malattia ma di prolungarne la sopravvivenza; una sempre maggiore attenzione per la riabilitazione e le malattie croniche progressive; b) sul piano etico: il progressivo affermarsi del principio di autonomia; l’evoluzione di nuovi modelli di relazione medico-paziente. Questi fattori hanno comportato per gli operatori coinvolti nella presa in carico la irrinunciabile necessità di confrontarsi con nuove questioni etiche, solo pochi anni or sono ritenute del tutto impensabili: 1. la comunicazione della diagnosi e della prognosi; 2. i processi decisionali nelle fasi più avanzate della malattia; 3. l’accompagnamento alla morte e al morente. Vengono discusse in dettaglio le singoli questioni etiche, arrivando alle seguenti considerazioni conclusive: 1. in tutti i punti nodali della presa in carico del paziente con SLA una corretta informazione e una buona capacità di comunicazione dei terapeuti sono considerati elementi chiave per una gestione clinica che eviti nel paziente rischi di comportamenti autolesivi o di fughe nella medicina alternativa e nel medico rischi di disimpegno terapeutico, angoscia decisionale, burn out; 2. è indispensabile fare evolvere nuovi modelli di relazione medico-paziente, diversi da quelli di tipo paternalistico ma anche da quelli di tipo contrattualistico o utilitaristico, ritenuti più adeguati in questo contesto, come il modello dell’alleanza terapeutica; 3. il rispetto del principio di autonomia e degli strumenti che ne derivano (consenso informato e direttive anticipate in particolare) vengono ritenuti certo un punto forte, ma non l’unico télos etico dell’azione, che deve comunque sempre tendere ad ispirarsi anche, e soprattutto, al principio di beneficenza; 4. un accompagnamento farmaco-protetto alla morte e al morente, calato in un’attenta presenza e in un elevato livello relazionale, secondo un’etica delle virtù che valorizzi le buone intenzioni, può configurarsi come una terza via tra i due opposti errori etici costituiti dall’eutanasia e dall’accanimento terapeutico, terza via che consente di superare annose diatribe tra differenti orientamenti e appare più in linea con paradigmi universalmente accettati e accettabili.

Research on the Psychological Capital and Job Burn-Out of Mechanical Engineers in Chinese Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2394-2397
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Family Balance ◽  
Job Transfer ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Work Family Balance ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Relationship

This paper utilized questionnaires to conduct a research on a total of 160 mechanical engineers in five enterprises in Wuhan, China in search of the relationship between psychological capital and job burn-out of mechanical engineers. The result shows that the psychological capital and job burn-out are obviously negatively correlated. The elements of psychological capital such as self-efficacy, optimism, hope and toughness can negatively predict the elements of job burn-out such as emotional burn-out, depersonalization, and decreasing accomplishment. Enterprises of China should take measures such as psychological capital diagnosis, professional mindset training, work-family balance project, job transfer and career culture construction to develop the psychological capital of mechanical engineers and reduce job burn-out.

scholarly journals Exploring the Consequences of Teachers’ Self-efficacy: A Case of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Alibakhshi ◽  
Fariborz Nikdel ◽  
Akram Labafi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Efl Teachers

Abstract Teacher self-efficacy, as a socio-affective concept, has been abundantly studied in relation to different factors. However, it seems that the consequences of teachers' self-efficacy have not been appropriately explored to the present date. The present study aimed at investigating the consequences of EFL teachers' teaching self-efficacy. In so doing, a qualitative research method was used. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 EFL teachers who were selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were content analyzed thematically. Findings showed that self-efficacy has three main consequences: pedagogical, learner-related, and psychological. Each of these consequences has several sub-categories. It can be concluded that high self-efficacy affects teachers’ teaching practices, learners’ motivation, and achievement. It also affects teachers’ burn-out status, psychological being, as well as their job satisfaction. The findings can be theoretically and pedagogically important to EFL teachers, teacher-trainers, and administrators of educational settings.

scholarly journals L’efficacite D’un Programme Therapeutique Cognitivo-Comportemental Dans La Diminution Du Burn-Out Chez Les Infirmiers De L’hopital De Sfax (Etude Descriptive-Experimentale)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Galaa Telelaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Post Test

Burn-out result from exposure to chronic work stress, of which the caregivers and nurses are most exposed to this risk. That is why we conducted a descriptive-experimental study which is based on the quantitative approach which aims to describe the prevalence of burnout among our target population (the nurses of both public health institutions of the hospital of Sfax) and the indicators (self-esteem, coping strategy, locus of control, motivation, satisfaction, sense of self-efficacy, life orientation by a sense of coherence) that influence this syndrome and also to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic program proposed and applied in this research on the reduction of the frequency of burnout. The hypotheses stipulate that there is a significant difference between the pre-test data and data collected at post-test among nurses in the experimental group. The results of our descriptive study show that 37.4% of participants suffer from high emotional exhaustion, 59.4% suffer from high depersonalization and 48.5% suffers from a sense of lack of fulfillment in their work. 31% have a degree from low to very low self-esteem, (72.5%) of participants with low levels of self-efficacy feeling an average motivation (being 50.3%) to low (being 44.8%) with 68.1% of a low amotivation, (44.8%) with a low extrinsic motivation, (47.3%) have low intrinsic motivation, (70%) are neither satisfied / nor dissatisfied, 32% have a low sense of coherence, 52.9% use coping strategies focused on emotion and (56.4%) seeking social support while (75.3%) use weakly coping strategies focused on problem solving, a majority of them uses an external attribution (44%) due to colleagues (42%) due to the superior, and also (42%) due to chance. The results of the experimental study responded generally to the research hypotheses given that they have shown significant differences between the two groups of nurses (experimental -control) post-test pre-test, which affirms the effectiveness of treatment program in reducing burnout and improving indicators.

scholarly journals Determination of Self-efficacy and Burnout State of Teachers Working in the Special Education Field in Terms of Different Variables

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cahit Nuri ◽  
Mukaddes Sakalli Demirok ◽  
Cemaliye Direktör
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Burn Out

The aim of the study is to analyse the self-efficacy and burnout of special education teachers in terms of different variables such as gender, teachers’ educational levels, teachers’ daily working hours, and teachers’ daily student numbers.7 special education schools, affiliated to Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Ministry of Education Primary Education Management Office, and 21 schools, which have a special education mainstreaming room, constituted the population of the research. 46 special education teachers working at special education institutions and 24 special education teachers working at a mainstreaming room in primary schools (a total number of 70 teachers) constituted the sample of the research.The Maslach Burn-out Scale and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale were administered to the sample group. The collected data was entered into the SPSS and analysed using a t-test, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis.The working hours of teachers were found to be statistically significant for sufficiency in engagement of student sub-dimension. It was revealed that teachers with fewer working hours had lower self-efficacy scores than the teachers with more working hours. Statistically significant difference was also found in depersonalization of burnout sub-dimension of teachers according to their professional seniority.

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