Dietary diversity status of rural households in Nigeria: A gendered perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 613-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Olusayo Olubisi Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Food Share

Evidence of upsurge in food insecurity incidence and its vulnerability of households in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria has led to enquiries about the richness of available food baskets and evenness of their consumption. The objective of this study was to examine the dietary diversity among rural households in Nigeria from a gender perspective. Data from the Living Standard Measurement Survey- Integrated Survey on Agriculture (lsms-isa) 2016 were analysed using Simpson Diversity Index, Cross tabulation and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Most of the rural households were male-headed (85%) with an average age of 53 years old and had household size of 8 persons. Dietary diversity score was slightly higher in female-headed households than among their male counterparts. Fish and seafood had the highest food share expenditure among female-headed households while cereals had the highest in male-headed households. Low dietary diversity was predominant among households where the head was 31 to 40 years old male with at least 16 members, while the high dietary diversity was highest among households with 51 to 60 years old female heads and 11 to 15 members. Difference in mean of aggregate dietary diversity between male- and female-headed households revealed a gap of 0.0155 in favour of the female-headed households. There were significant gender differences in household endowments such as household size, income, tangible assets owned and farm size, which explained dietary diversity among rural households in Nigeria.

Do Foreign Remittances Matter in Attaining Zero Hunger?

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Rebecca Funmi Akinmulewo
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Food Insecurity Access

Foreign remittance has remained a major source of income and a means to reduce hunger for many poor people in developing countries. The contribution of foreign remittances to food insecurity status of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using data from 2015/2016 Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). Food insecurity status was achieved using the household food insecurity access scale. Data were analysed using descriptive, ordered, and nested logit models. Female-headed households residing in south-east zone with 51 to 70 years old heads and more than six members had greater access to remittances but were severely food insecure. Drivers of food insecurity were age, gender, marital status, education of the household head, membership of cooperatives, access to extension, farm size and per capita income, and living in the north central geo-political zone. Foreign remittances had a positive effect on the food insecurity status of rural households.

scholarly journals Measurement and Decomposition of Consumption Inequality in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Pravat Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

This study aims at computing, comparing and decomposing the different inequality indices by rural and urban areas, sex of household head and ecological belt, so that policy maker can make the policy to reduce the inequality in Nepal. This study is based on the raw data taken from the 3rd Nepal Living Standard Survey-2011 conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The study has used real consumption as the main variable to measure the inequality. In most of the cases five measures of inequality; Coefficient of variation (CV), Quantile Ratio Index, Gini Index, Generalised Entropy Index with parameter 0 and 1 were computed. The Gini index, Theil’s L and Theil’s T indices are 0.328, 0.175 and 0.194, respectively. The study has found no significant difference in inequality between male- and female-headed households; and the inequality in urban areas is higher than that in the rural areas. By ecological belts, the inequality is highest in hills and lowest in mountains. The country should place focus on urban areas and hilly belt to reduce inequality.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Monika Utzig
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.

scholarly journals Seasonality and household diets in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Hirvonen ◽  
Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse ◽  
Ibrahim Worku Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo revisit seasonality by assessing how household diets vary across agricultural seasons in rural and urban Ethiopia. The role of seasonality on the sources and intake of energy (per capita) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was analysed.DesignThe use of nationally representative household-level data collected each month over one year to study the seasonal changes in the sources and intake of energy and HDDS.SettingEleven regions of Ethiopia, including rural and urban settings.SubjectsTotal of 27 835 households were interviewed between July 2010 and July 2011 in all eleven regions of the country. On average each month saw 2300 household interviews, yielding nationally representative data for each calendar month.ResultsFor rural households, the mean daily per capita energy intake was 10 288 kJ (2459 kcal) in February (post-harvest period) and lower in the lean season: 9703 kJ (2319 kcal) in June (P<0·05) and 9552 kJ (2283 kcal) in July (P<0·001). HDDS for rural households was highest in February (6·73) and lowest in June (5·98; P<0·001) but high again in July (6·57). Urban energy intake was also lower in the lean season but HDDS varied less by season. Considerable seasonal variation was also found in energy sources in rural areas, less so in urban areas.ConclusionsHousehold diets in Ethiopia remain subjected to significant seasonal stress. HDDS and food security measured using energy intake do not always agree. Preferably, HDDS and energy intake data should be used together to assess food security.

scholarly journals Household food security access, and amidst Covid-19: a study case in Equatorial Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Emilio Edu Nguema Osea ◽  
Wang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Rural And Urban

Food is of primary importance for households. Equatorial Guinea (EG) has progressed much in income growth but less in living standard, which includes food security. To situating food–insecurity prevalence in EG, this paper researches household food security-access, and its link-cause to agriculture–considering the Covid-19– using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). On the data, we surveyed 400 households, imparted in EG rural and urban areas of Bioko Island and the mainland. The results reveal a 2.4 mean for both rural and urban Bioko, placing households at moderate hunger level. On the mainland, rural scores 3.21 (the area most affected), yet falling in moderate hunger level; while the urban scores best 0.64 and stands in the food-safe zone. It derives that diet is rather monotonous and embrace–mainly– carbohydrates rice, bread, cassava, and plantain. A focus on boosting the productivity of staples is paramount for Food security and even national security.

scholarly journals Estimating the Generation of Garden Waste in England and the Differences between Rural and Urban Areas

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Eades ◽  
Sigrid Kusch-Brandt ◽  
Sonia Heaven ◽  
Charles J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Garden Waste

Garden waste arising from private households represents a major component of the biodegradable municipal waste stream. To design effective waste valorisation schemes, detailed information about garden waste is a prerequisite. While the biochemical composition of this material is well documented, there is a lack of knowledge regarding both the quantities arising, and quantities entering the services operated by waste management authorities. This work studied the quantities of garden waste arisings at urban and rural households along with the disposal methods used. A door-to-door interview survey, an analysis of kerbside collections of garden waste, and an assessment of materials brought by citizens to a waste recycling site were carried out in Hampshire, UK. If extrapolated nationally, the results indicate that households in England produce an average of 0.79 kg of garden waste per day, or 288 kg per year. On a per capita basis, this corresponds to an annual arising of 120 kg per person, out of which around 70% enters the collection schemes of the waste management authorities. The quantity generated by rural and urban households differed substantially, with rural households producing 1.96 ± 1.35 kg per day and urban households 0.64 ± 0.46 kg per day. Rural households adopted self-sufficient methods of garden waste management such as home composting or backyard burning to a much greater extent compared with urban households. Less than half of the generated rural garden waste entered services operated by the waste collection authorities, while urban households strongly relied on these services. A detailed breakdown of the disposal routes chosen by urban and rural householders can support authorities in tailoring more effective waste management schemes.

scholarly journals Impact of Credit access and Cooperative membership on Food Security of Rural Households in Southwestern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Kehinde ◽  
Mary Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Binary Logit ◽  
Security Index ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of credit access and cooperative membership on food security of rural households in Southwestern Nigeria. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select 300 rural households for the study. Data were analyzed using food security index, binary logit model, propensity score matching (PSM) and Augmented inverse probability weighting model (AIPW). Binary logit estimate reveals that age, household size, years of education, farm size, farm income and non-farm income significantly influenced the likelihood of rural households being members of cooperatives while household size, years of education, farm size, gender, asset and farm income significantly influenced the likelihood of rural households’ access to credit. Food security index revealed that about 66 percent of the households are food insecure. PSM revealed that cooperative membership and credit access is expected to increase the food security of rural households by approximately 1446 and 1496 kilocalories per person per day, respectively. AIPW revealed that cooperative membership and credit access is expected to increase the food security of rural households by approximately 1888 and 1899 kilocalories per person per day, respectively. The study concluded that credit access and cooperative membership has a positive and significant impact on food security of rural households. Thus, any programmes targeted at ensuring rural households’ food security, particularly southwest should take into cognizance their credit access and cooperative membership.

scholarly journals Bushmeat consumption among rural and urban children from Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of Congo

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie van Vliet ◽  
Casimir Nebesse ◽  
Robert Nasi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Wild Meat ◽  
Domestic Sources

AbstractUnderstanding the importance of bushmeat consumption for household nutrition, both in rural and urban settings, is critical to developing politically acceptable ways to reduce unsustainable exploitation. This study provides insights into bushmeat consumption patterns relative to the consumption of other meat (from the wild, such as fish and caterpillars, or from domestic sources, such as beef, chicken, pork, goat and mutton) among children from Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of Congo. Our results show that urban and rural households consume more meat from the wild than from domestic sources. Of the various types of wild meat, bushmeat and fish are the most frequently consumed by children from Kisangani and fish is the most frequently consumed in villages. Poorer urban households eat meat less frequently but consume bushmeat more frequently than wealthier households. In urban areas poorer households consume common bushmeat species more frequently and wealthier households eat meat from larger, threatened species more frequently. Urban children eat more bushmeat from larger species (duiker Cephalophus spp. and red river hog Potamochoerus porcus) than rural children (rodents, small monkeys), probably because rural households tend to consume the less marketable species or the smaller animals. We show that despite the tendency towards more urbanized population profiles and increased livelihood opportunities away from forest and farms, wildlife harvest remains a critical component of nutritional security and diversity in both rural and urban areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND DETERMINANTS OF RURAL NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Olutoyin Olugbire ◽  
Oluwatosin Esther Obafunsho ◽  
Titilope Omolara Olarewaju ◽  
Ruth Ibukun Kolade ◽  
Festus Abiodun Odediran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Farming has been considered as main source of income for rural households in Nigeria, despite their involvement in other income generating activities. Focusing on income derivable from farming alone may be partially responsible for the ineffective poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. Using the National Living Standard Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper investigated the composition and determinants of non-farm incomes of rural households in Nigeria. The results show that the share of farm, non-farm wage (NFW)- and self-employment (NFS) incomes in total household incomes were 24.3%, 43.0% and 23.7% respectively. Households whose heads are male (0.647), had formal education (0.522), increased the likelihood of households’ participation in NFW activities, while access to credit (-0.307) and having larger farm size (-0.221) decreased it. Access to credit (0.379); community participation (0.103); larger family size (0.193) and possession of capital assets (0.069) increased the likelihood of participation in NFS-employment activities, while having larger farm size (-0.211) decreased it. The study concludes that policy targeting poverty reduction should focus on providing enabling environment for poor households’ access to non-farm activities in the study area.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Climate Change and Socio-Economic Factors: A Comparison of Selected Districts of Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Shahid ◽  
Aimen Tayyab ◽  
Usman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Score ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study analyzes ten districts of the province Punjab of Pakistan to investigate and compare the vulnerability of selected districts. Total Three sub-groups (socio-economic variables, adaptive capacity, bio-physical variables) are generated by using the data from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Pakistan Meteorological Department of the years 2014-15, to calculate total vulnerability. Using primary variables at the district level, this study determines each district’s rural and urban areas' total vulnerability score. The results show that few districts, e.g., Rawalpindi has 0.74 total vulnerability score out of 1, are highly vulnerable compared to other districts despite having a better socio-economic situation. On the other hand, few districts, like Multan, have a low vulnerability to climate change and socio-economic factors. Keywords: CO2, socio-economic, bio-physical, environment, Vulnerability. JEL Classification Codes: Q3, O13, P28.

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