Social farming and the recent national regulation: An exploratory survey

This chapter explains the practical consequences of what has been proposed. It begins by evaluating current models and suggested approaches for incorporating public opinion into sentencing, explaining how the proposed changes would differ. It then sets out some practical reforms to sentencing in England and Wales, including greater coordination between the national regulation of sentencing discretion through the Sentencing Council and regional or community-based sentencing practices. Regional branches of the Sentencing Council are also advocated. In addition to further practical reforms, a greater role for the Sentencing Council in the ethical surveillance of sentencing, the development of new procedural rules, and enhanced training for judges and magistrates are proposed. Finally, a closer working relationship between the Sentencing Council, the courts, the CPS, defence lawyers, and the Probation Service is advocated to develop guidance clarifying their role within the new sentencing framework.

Download Full-text

The Need, Feasibility and Willingness to Explore “Meditation on Twin Hearts” as a Self-administered Tool for Mental Health Management among Transgender Women: An Exploratory Survey

Community Mental Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10597-021-00869-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Neha Joshi ◽

V. Vinu ◽

Srikanth N. Jois ◽

Fazila Begum ◽

Kiran Kumar Salagame

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Management ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Exploratory Survey

Download Full-text

Alpha Spectrometry of Radon Short-Lived Progeny in Drinking Water and Assessment of the Public Effective Dose: Results from the Cilento Area, Province of Salerno, Southern Italy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5840

Author(s):

Enver Faella ◽

Simona Mancini ◽

Michele Guida ◽

Albina Cuomo ◽

Domenico Guida

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Age Groups ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Campania Region ◽

Radon Activity ◽

National Regulation ◽

South Italy

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas present in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere abundantly. Its ionizing radiation provides the largest human internal exposure by inhalation and ingestion to natural sources, constituting a serious health hazard. The contribution to total exposure is mainly due to inhalation, as ingestion by food or drinking water is typically very small. However, because of public health concerns, the contributions from all these sources are limited by regulations and remedial action should be taken in the event that the defined threshold values are overcome. In this paper, the first campaign of measurements to control the radon activity concentration in drinking water from public water supplies in the province of Salerno, south Italy, is described. The results represent a main reference for the area, as it was never investigated before. The purpose of this survey was to contribute to data compilation concerning the presence of radon-222 in groundwater in the Campania region and to determine the associated risk for different age groups. The maximum radon activity concentrations and the related total annual public effective dose turned out to be lower than the threshold values (100 Bq/l and 0.1 mSv/y, respectively) indicated by international guidelines and the national regulation, showing that the health risks for public consumption can be considered negligible.

Download Full-text

Determinant Factors in Personal Decision-Making to Adopt COVID-19 Prevention Measures in Chile

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8131

Author(s):

Karina Fernanda Gonzalez ◽

Maria Teresa Bull ◽

Sebastian Muñoz-Herrera ◽

Luis Felipe Robledo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Model ◽

Protective Action ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Protective Action Decision Model ◽

Exploratory Survey ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Personal Decision ◽

Action Decision

The pandemic has challenged countries to develop stringent measures to reduce infections and keep the population healthy. However, the greatest challenge is understanding the process of adopting self-care measures by individuals in different countries. In this research, we sought to understand the behavior of individuals who take self-protective action. We selected the risk homeostasis approach to identify relevant variables associated with the risk of contagion and the Protective Action Decision Model to understand protective decision-making in the pandemic. Subsequently, we conducted an exploratory survey to identify whether the same factors, as indicated in the literature, impact Chile’s adoption of prevention measures. The variables gender, age, and trust in authority behave similarly to those found in the literature. However, socioeconomic level, education, and media do not impact the protection behaviors adopted to avoid contagion. Furthermore, the application of the Protective Action Decision Model is adequate to understand the protective measures in the case of a pandemic. Finally, women have a higher risk perception and adopt more protective measures, and in contrast, young people between 18 and 30 years of age are the least concerned about COVID-19 infection.

Download Full-text