Analisis dan Karakterisasi pada Pembuatan Genteng Polimer dengan Limbah Pulp Dregs sebagai Agregat dan Resin Epoksi sebagai Perekat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurnia Sembiring ◽  
Awan Maghfirah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Surface Test

Pembuatan genteng polimer telah menggunakan limbah pulp dregs dengan komposisi campuran yang terbaik dari pembuatan genteng polimer tersebut. Sampel dari beberapa komposisi yang dibuat lalu di-press pada hot compressor dengan suhu 150 derajat celcius selama 30 menit. Setelah sampel dibuat, maka dilakukan pengujian sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis, uji permukaan yaitu SEM, uji DSC, uji DTA dan uji absorbsi dari XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan limbah pulp dregs menghasilkan daya serap air dan porositas semakin rendah, sementara kuat lentur dan impak semakin tinggi. Hasil dari DSC dan DTA terlihat bahwa sampel mempunyai ketahanan dari 300 derajat celcius sampai dengan 470 derajat celcius, sedangkan untuk SEM terlihat bahwa bentuk permukaan dari beberapa sampel kurang homogen. Hasil dari absorbsi menggunakan XRD maka terlihat bahwa sampel menyerap sesuai dengan masing-masing sampel, yaitu semakin banyak pertambahan limbah pulp dregs maka intensitas penyerapan semakin besar. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan genteng polimer yang dihasilkan sangat sesuai dengan sifat-sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis yang diperlukan dari genteng polimer standar.   The making of polymer had used waste pulp dregs with the best mixed composition of the polymer genteng. Samples of some compositions were made and then pressed on a hot compressor with a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. After the sample made, the physical properties and mechanical properties were tested, surface test with SEM, DSC test, DTA test and absorption test from XRD. The results showed that the addition of pulp dregs resulted in lower water absorption and porosity, while the bending strength and impact were higher. Results from DSC and DTA showed that the sample had a resistance of 300 degrees Celsius to 470 degrees Celsius, while for SEM, it appeared that the using XRD, it was seen that the sample absorbed in accordance with each sample, the more increase of pulp dregs waste, the greater the absorption intensity. The results of this study could be concluded that the polymer genteng produced was very suitable with the physical properties and mechanical properties required of standard polymer genteng.

scholarly journals Propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo e água residuária de mandioca

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. de Araújo ◽  
A. P. Ramos ◽  
A. J. P. Queiroz ◽  
R. C. dos Santos ◽  
J. Da S. Buriti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Ceramic Paste ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence

A vantagem do processo de fabricação de tijolos com manipueira é ser ecologicamente correto, pois não consome água, nem há necessidade de ir ao forno, economizando recursos naturais e fazendo uso de um efluente altamente poluente. Assim, este trabalho objetivou analisar as propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo associado à manipueira como alternativa sustentável. Foram avaliados os parâmetros absorção de água e resistência à flexão. Em conformidade com os resultados, observou-se que as massas cerâmicas apresentaram valores de absorção de água da ordem de 10 a 13 %, valores aceitáveis para fabricação de blocos cerâmicos e valores de resistência a flexão adequados para fabricação de tijolos maciços, tanto, os corpos de prova com queima quanto os corpos de provas sem queima. Assim, conclui-se que a troca da água pela adição da manipueira na massa cerâmica não interfere nas propriedades mecânicas e esta pode ser adicionada a massa cerâmica para fabricação de tijolos ecológicos através do processo de prensagem.Mechanical properties of manufactured bricks with soil and cassava wastewaterAbstract: The advantage of the manufacturing process of brick with cassava is being environmentally friendly because it does not consume water, and there is no need to go to the oven, saving natural resources and making use of a highly polluting effluent. This work aimed to analyze the mechanical properties of bricks made from soil associated with cassava as a sustainable alternative. Parameters were evaluated water absorption and flexural strength. In accordance with the results, it was observed that the ceramic material provided water absorption values of the order of 10 to 13%, acceptable values for manufacturing ceramic blocks and bending strength values suitable for manufacture of solid bricks, both proof bodies test with burns as the proof bodies of evidence without burning. It is therefore concluded that the replacement of water by the addition of cassava the ceramic mass does not interfere with the mechanical properties and that can be added to the ceramic paste for manufacturing green bricks through the pressing process.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD POWDER COMPOSITES AND BAGASSEAS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF SHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersti Yulika Sari ◽  
Polaris Nasution ◽  
Fajri Ramdhan1
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Composite Wood

Parameters for measuring the physical properties on this research are divided into three elements, including measurement of weight, water absorption, and density. This research was conducted from January to March 2018 to determine the physical properties of wood powder composites and bagasse. The manufacturing and testing process refers to the ASTM and JIS standards. Weight and density testing refer to the ASTM D 792 standard while the water absorption test refers to the JIS A5908 standard. The results showed that the density of wood powder was 0.4175 gr / cm3, and the bagasse was 0.3125 gr / cm3. Then, fiber absorption in units of volume to water and resin were 16.88% and 13.75% respectively. The results showed that the largest water absorption was found in composite wood powder 60% and bagasse 40%, which was 13.47%, and for the highest density values found in wood powder composites as much as 80% or 1,078.29 kg / m3

An attempt to use „Tetra Pak” waste material in particleboard technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Radosław Auriga ◽  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Alicja Auriga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tetra Pak ◽  
The Impact

An attempt to use „Tetra Pak” waste material in particleboard technology. The study investigates the effect of addition Tetra Pak waste material in the core layer on physical and mechanical properties of chipboard. Three-layer chipboards with a thickness of 16 mm and a density of 650 kg / m3 were manufactured. The share of Tetra Pak waste material in the boards was varied: 0%, 5%, 10% and 25%. The density profile was measured to determine the impact of Tetra Pak share on the density distribution. In addition, the manufactured boards were tested for strength (MOR, MOE, IB), thickness swelling and water absorption after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours. The tests revealed that Tetra Pak share does not affect significantly the value of static bending strength and modulus of elasticity of the chipboard, but it significantly decreases IB. Also, it has been found that Tetra Pak insignificantly decreases the value of swelling and water absorption of the chipboards.

scholarly journals The effect of silanes as integral hydrophobic admixture on the physical properties of cement based materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
K Grabowska ◽  
A Wieczorek ◽  
D Bednarska ◽  
M Koniorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Organosilicon Compounds ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Capillary Water Absorption ◽  
Cement Based Materials

Abstract The paper explores the possibility of using organosilicon compounds (e.g., poly(dimethylsiloxane) and triethoxyoctylsilane) in commercial admixtures as internal hydrophobization agents for porous cement-based materials. The study involved the cement mortar with five different hydrophobic admixtures. Four of them is based on triethoxyoctylsilane, but with various concentration of the main ingredient, and one of them on poly(dimethylsiloxane). Mechanical properties, capillary water absorption, as well as microstructure were investigated. The organosilicon admixtures efficiently decrease the capillary water absorption even by 81% decreasing mechanical strength of cement mortar at the same time even by 55%. Only one admixture, based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) caused significant changes in microstructure of cement mortar.

scholarly journals Characterization of Thermal Bio-Insulation Materials Based on Oil Palm Wood: The Effect of Hybridization and Particle Size

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3287
Author(s):  
Indra Mawardi ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Samsul Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Insulation Materials

Oil palm wood is the primary biomass waste produced from plantations, comprising up to 70% of the volume of trunks. It has been used in non-structural materials, such as plywood, lumber, and particleboard. However, one aspect has not been disclosed, namely, its use in thermal insulation materials. In this study, we investigated the thermal conductivity and the mechanical and physical properties of bio-insulation materials based on oil palm wood. The effects of hybridization and particle size on the properties of the panels were also evaluated. Oil palm wood and ramie were applied as reinforcements, and tapioca starch was applied as a bio-binder. Panels were prepared using a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and constant pressure of 9.8 MPa. Thermal conductivity, bending strength, water absorption, dimensional stability, and thermogravimetric tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the panels. The results show that hybridization and particle size significantly affected the properties of the panels. The density and thermal conductivity of the panels were in the ranges of 0.66–0.79 g/cm3 and 0.067–0.154 W/mK, respectively. The least thermal conductivity, i.e., 0.067 W/mK, was obtained for the hybrid panels with coarse particles at density 0.66 g/cm3. The lowest water absorption (54.75%) and thickness swelling (18.18%) were found in the hybrid panels with fine particles. The observed mechanical properties were a bending strength of 11.49–18.15 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 1864–3093 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that hybrid panels had better thermal stability than pure panels. Overall, the hybrid panels manufactured with a coarse particle size exhibited better thermal resistance and mechanical properties than did other panels. Our results show that oil palm wood wastes are a promising candidate for thermal insulation materials.

scholarly journals Effect of the addition of mixture of plant components on the mechanical properties of wheat bread

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wójcik ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Beata Biernacka ◽  
Renata Różyło ◽  
Antoni Miś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Bread Quality ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Bread Crumb ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Plant Components

Abstract Instrumental methods of measuring the mechanical properties of bread can be used to determine changes in the properties of it during storage, as well as to determine the effect of various additives on the bread texture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mixture of plant components on the physical properties of wheat bread. In particular, the mechanical properties of the crumb and crust were studied. A sensory evaluation of the end product was also performed. The mixture of plant components included: carob fiber, milled grain red quinoa and black oat (1:2:2) – added at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % – into wheat flour. The results showed that the increase of the addition of the proposed additive significantly increased the water absorption of flour mixtures. Moreover, the use of the mixture of plant components above 5% resulted in the increase of bread volume and decrease of crumb density. Furthermore, the addition of the mixture of plant components significantly affected the mechanical properties of bread crumb. The hardness of crumb also decreased as a result of the mixture of plant components addition. The highest cohesiveness was obtained for bread with 10% of additive and the lowest for bread with 25% of mixture of plant components. Most importantly, the enrichment of wheat flour with the mixture of plant components significantly reduced the crust failure force and crust failure work. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the addition of the mixture of plant components of up to 10% had little effect on bread quality.

Shungite Nanopowder as a Modificator of Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption for Three-Ply Particle Board

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Borisovich Vasilyev ◽  
Gennady Nikolaevich Kolesnikov ◽  
Aleksandr Vasilyevich Pitukhin ◽  
Nikolai Gennadievich Panov ◽  
Vadim Kostyukevich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Thickness Swelling

The article presents the methods and the results of the experimental investigation of the additive influence of shungite nanopowder when mixed in the glue for three-ply particle board. The hypothesis of shungite nanopowder influence on physical-mechanical properties, water absorption and thickness swelling of wood particle board was formulated. The results of experimental investigations proved that the optimum shungite nanopowder quantity in glue solution makes up about 10 % of absolutely dry resin mass. Wooden particles of aspen and coniferous species, as well as glue solution based on carbamide-formaldehyde resin, were used in boards manufacturing. The samples were tested in order to determine physical-mechanical properties. It was found out that the 10 % shungite nanopowder additive increases the breaking point of three-ply particle board under bending strength by 18.3-25.7 %, the breaking point of three-ply particle board under tension perpendicular to the face of board by 7.5-11.7 %. As the result of experimental investigation it was found out that the 10 % shungite nanopowder when mixed in the glue decreases water thickness swelling of three-ply particle board up to 14.2 % and water absorption by 10.6-20.1 %. The shungite nanopowder powder contained particles of 50...100 nm in size and specific surface of 120 m2/g. In the course of the experiment three-ply particle boards were used with the thickness of 15.6 mm.

scholarly journals Influence of different sheet compositions and commercial adhesives on the performance of multilaminated plywood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Setter ◽  
Uasmim Lira Zidanes ◽  
Eduardo Hélio de Novais Miranda ◽  
Flávia Maria Silva Brito ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Specific Pressure

Abstract The quality of plywood panels depends on factors such as the forest species and the adhesive used in their production, and understanding the interferences of these factors in the final properties of the plywood is of fundamental importance. The study aimed to develop multilaminate plywood panels with two forest species and two types of adhesive and to evaluate the influences of these factors (forest species and adhesive) on the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood. The panels were produced with sheets of parica and pine with two types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, with a weight of 150 g/cm². Then, each set was pressed for 10 minutes under a specific pressure of 0.98 MPa at a temperature of 150 °C. Three panels were produced for each type of blade and adhesive, totaling four treatments. The plywood was evaluated for physical properties (humidity, bulk density, and water absorption) and mechanical properties (parallel and perpendicular static flexion and resistance to mechanical shear). The results showed that the forest species had a greater influence on physical and mechanical properties, with the best results being observed for plywood produced with pine. The panels with sheets of parica and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive showed less moisture. The apparent density of the panels should be considered as it positively influenced the mechanical properties and negatively impacted water absorption. It is concluded that the plywood produced can be used for internal and external applications. However, it is indicated for structural purposes as it did not meet the requirements of the NBR 31.000.001/2:2001.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard from Untreated and Treated Kenaf Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Aifa Mahammad Asri ◽  
Ainil Idzaty Mohamed Anwar ◽  
Nur Atiqah Najib ◽  
Judith Gisip
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Thickness Swell ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Composite panels were manufactured from kenaf particles and treated with two different alkali treatments using 2% NaOH and 2% KOH with resin contents of 8% and 10% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) at medium density of 650kg/m3. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanical properties in terms of its modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB), and physical properties namely thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of treated kenaf board. The mechanical and physical tests were performed according to the Malaysian Standard (MS1787:2004). The minimum requirements value for MOE, MOR and IB were 2000 MPa, 14 MPa and 0.45 MPa respectively for furniture grade particleboards for use in humid conditions (PF2). According to Malaysian specifications for physical properties, the maximum requirement for thickness swell is 15%. Results indicated that both treated boards with NaOH and KOH showed an increase in strength properties compared to untreated particleboard. Particleboard treated with KOH exhibited the highest MOR and MOE values, while board with NaOH treatment gave the highest IB value. The boards with treated particles gave better performance in terms of physical properties. There were no significant differences in mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and IB) and physical properties for the different alkali treatment. The values of bending strength and IB strength increased with an increase in resin content, while TS and WA increased with a decrease in resin content. In conclusion, NaOH and KOH treated kenaf particles improved board performance and could be considered as an alternative material for particleboard production.

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