scholarly journals Hormonal regulation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in gilts

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
V. G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
S. O. Usenko ◽  
A. M. Shostya ◽  
L. M. Kuzmenko ◽  
V. G. Slynko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The results of research on the features of cyclic lability of homeostasis in gilts are highlighted. In the experiments it has been used gilts of the Red White belted breed of meat pigs at different phases of the reproductive cycle: luteal phase, estrus, on the 15th, 20th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 104th, 113th day of pregnancy and in 12 hours after farrowing. The dynamics of the content of thyroid and steroid hormones, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis were determined in blood serum. It was found out that the amount of steroid hormones in blood of gilts is labile and is determined by the physiological state, namely the onset of estrus, relative to the luteal phase, it is increased the level of thyroxine (30.0 %), triiodothyronine (26.3 %), estradiol-17 β (by 22.8 %, P < 0.01) testosterone (15.2 %), as well as a decrease in progesterone (by 37.2 %). Such changes are accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes, xanthine oxidase activity increases, it is increased the content of diene conjugates (P < 0.05) and TBA-active compounds. This is accompanied by a probable increase in the level of antioxidant protection – the activity of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), vitamin A (P < 0.05) and vitamin E (P < 0.05). During two months of pregnancy, the concentration of thyroxine (P < 0.05), triiodothyronine, progesterone (P < 0.01), testosterone (P < 0.05) and estradiol-17β increases. Such metabolic shifts cause changes in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the direction of reducing the intensity of peroxidation processes. In gilts before farrow there is a decrease in thyrocoxin, triiodothyronine and progesterone. The intensification of peroxidation was found: the increase in SOD activity (P < 0.05), the dehydroascorbic acid content (P < 0.05), diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes, as well as the decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione and vitamin A (P < 0.05) and vitamin E (P < 0.05). In blood of sows after farrowing, the concentration of thyroxine increases on 1.3 times, triiodothyronine – on 2.7 times, and progesterone and estradiol-17β decreases on 1.8 and 8.7 times, respectively. It was revealed that the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes decreased: DC content by 16.3 % and TBA-active complexes by 13.3%. It was determined that the concentration of ascorbic acid decreased by 32.8 % and vitamin E – 18.9 %.

scholarly journals Influence of vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars under the conditions of heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
S. O. Usenko ◽  
A. M. Shostya ◽  
V. G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
V. S. Tenditnyk ◽  
G. O. Birta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Action ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Peroxidation Processes

The intensity of reproduction of the live-stock of pigs largely depends on environmental factors, in particular fluctuations in indoor temperature, which is often seasonal. It was found out the fact that in the summer with a long rise in temperature it is worsened the quality of sperm in boars, which is accompanied by a decrease in the fertility of sperm, and in multiplicity and large foetus fertility of sows. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of antioxidant vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in  blood of boars under the conditions of heat stress. In the study it was used the adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one is 30 days, basic one is 60 days (feeding vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid) and final one is 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and it was for  two experimental ones with the addition of vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10 % and 20 % compared with the control group. In the received blood samples it has been  determined  the state of prooxidant-antioxidant state. It has been determined that housing boars in conditions of increased temperature is accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes and the depletion of the antioxidant defense system in  blood. The introduction of a vitamin supplement in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in this tissue depending on the amount of additionally fed vitamins with antioxidant action. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10 % above the norm after 60 days of feeding increases the content of vitamin A (P < 0.05), vitamin E (P < 0.05), reduced glutathione and slows down the processes of peroxidation – reducing the concentration of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. Feeding vitamins with antioxidant action in the feed mixture is 20 % more than the norm for boars, compared with the control group, after a month of the use, inhibits peroxidation processes. Two months of using  these compounds probably reduced the number of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. It is accompanied by an increase in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants – vitamin A (P < 0.01), vitamin E (P < 0.05) and ascorbic acid, the level of which is maintained for at least a month after their use.

scholarly journals Prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars depending on the types of higher nervous activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. G. Stoianovskyi ◽  
S. O. Usenko ◽  
A. M. Shostya ◽  
V. М. Sokolenko ◽  
K. Ye. Yudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Type Group ◽  
Higher Nervous Activity ◽  
Peroxidation Processes

The peculiarities of formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAG) in boars of different types of higher nervous activity have been studied. Using motor-nutritional techniques, it has been opposed adult boars of the Large White breed aged 24–36 months according to the main types of higher nervous activity (HNA). Four groups of 3 heads each were formed. The first group includes animals of a strong balanced lively (mobile) type; group II includes a strong balanced calm (inert) type; group III includes a strong unbalanced (unrestrained) type; group IV includes a weak type of higher nervous activity. Sperm was received from boars manually, taking into account the total time of ejaculation, dividing the ejaculate into 4 fractions – F1 – the first, F2 – the second, F3 – the third, F4 – the fourth. PAGs in blood and ejaculates of boars were evaluated by the intensity of peroxidation processes (xanthine oxidase, diene conjugates, TBA-active compounds) and antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E). Sperm contained higher amounts of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes (P < 0.05) compared to blood. The second tissue relative to the first one is characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defense: catalase activity, concentration of ascorbic acid, vitamin A and vitamin E. The process of PAG formation in the tissues of boars depends on the type of higher nervous activity (HNA). Thus, in individuals of a strong balanced lively and calm type, the course of peroxidation processes is somewhat slower because of a lower concentration of diene conjugates and TBA-active complexes. It was determined the fact that in blood and sperm of boars of strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA the course of peroxidation is more intense, the antioxidant defense system is at a lower level that is connected with less superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), concentration of ascorbic acid (P < 0.001), vitamin A (P < 0.01–0.001), and vitamin E (P < 0.001). In the second and third fractions of ejaculate of boars, the PAG is shifted in the direction of probable acceleration of peroxidation processes, especially in strong unbalanced and weak types of HNA because of a higher concentration of diene conjugates, dehydroascorbic acid. Animals of a strong balanced lively and calm types of HNA are characterized by a higher level of antioxidant defence – catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin E. In the first and fourth fractions of ejaculate, peroxidation processes are slower and there is no superoxide dismutase activity and the amount of vitamin A and vitamin E.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE COW ORGANISM IN STRESS SYNDROME CAUSED BY EXTREMITIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. МАТВЕЕВА ◽  
Э.О. САЙТХАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
External Stimuli

Цель исследований заключалось в изучении клинико-физиологического состояния и оценке интенсивности процессов перекисного окисления липидов у коров с патологиями конечностей в сравнении со здоровыми. Работа проводилась в СПК «Вышгородский» Рязанского района Рязанской области, мы проводили физикальное обследование для определения клинически здоровых коров и коров с заболеваниями конечностей. В контрольную и опытную группы включались коровы голштинской породы, массой 550-650 кг, 3-4-й лактации. В опытную группу 2 включались коровы с заболеваниями конечностей: язвы Рустергольца, абсцесса венчика, пальцевого пододерматита, гнойного пододерматита. Определяли продукты перекисного окисления: количество диеновых конъюгатов, малонового диальдегида, кетодиенов; определяли содержание холестерина в сыворотке крови. У коров с заболеваниями конечностей и находящихся в стрессовом состоянии в крови повышаются глюкокортикостеройды – гормон кортизол, вследствие этого запускается процесс перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ), что приводит к деградации гормонов стресса, и организм начинает усилено отвечать кортикотропной функцией гипофиза. В процессе перекисного окисления липидов накапливается значительное количество продуктов ПОЛ, у коров нарушается процесс глюкогенеза, нарушается гомеостаз. При патологических процессах, а именно при патологиях конечностей, возникает окислительный стресс в организме коров, который сопровождается процессами перекисного окисления липидов, что сопровождается повышением в крови количества конъюгированных диенов, кетодиенов, малонового диальдегида; на фоне повышения продуктов перекисного окисления снижается содержание холестерина у больных коров. При окислительном стрессе вследствие возникших патологических процессов конечностей у коров происходит изменение клинико-физиологических показателей: снижение активности, аппетита, реакции на внешние раздражители; повышается температура тела, частота пульса. The aim of the research was to study the clinical and physiological state and assess the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in cows with limb pathologies in comparison with healthy ones.The work was carried out in the farm of the Ryazan region in the SEC "Vyshgorodsky" of the Ryazan region, we conducted a physical examination to determine clinically healthy cows and diseases of the limbs. The control and experimental groups included cows of the Holstein breed, weighing 550-650 kg, 3-4 lactations. The experimental group N2 included cows with diseases of the extremities: Rustergolts ulcer, corolla abscess, digital subdermatitis, purulent subdermatitis. Peroxidation products were determined, namely: the amount of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, ketodienes, and serum cholesterol was also determined. Glucocorticosteroids, namely the cortisol hormone, increase in cows with limb diseases and in a stressed state, namely, the lipid peroxidation process, which leads to the degradation of stress hormones and the body begins to respond more intensely to the corticotropic function of the pituitary gland. In the process of lipid peroxidation, a signifi cant amount of lipid peroxidation products is accumulated, the process of glucogenesis is disrupted in cows, and homeostasis is disrupted. In pathological processes, namely in pathologies of the extremities, oxidative stress arises in the body of cows, which is accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes, which is accompanied by an increase in the number of conjugated dienes, ketodienes, malondialdehyde in the blood, while cholesterol content decreases in the presence of increased peroxidation products sick cows. With oxidative stress due to the arising pathological processes of the limbs in cows, there is a change in clinical and physiological parameters, there is a decrease: activity of cows, appetite, reaction to external stimuli; rises: body temperature, pulse rate.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and E Homologues Impacting the Fate of Acrylamide in Equimolar Asparagine-Glucose Model System

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Su Lee Kuek ◽  
Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi ◽  
Raznim Arni Abd Razak ◽  
Selamat Jinap ◽  
Maimunah Sanny
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Acrylamide Formation ◽  
Β Carotene

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Vitamin A and E homologues toward acrylamide in equimolar asparagine-glucose model system. Vitamin A homologue as β-carotene (BC) and five Vitamin E homologues, i.e., α-tocopherol (AT), δ-tocopherol (DT), α-tocotrienol (ATT), γ-tocotrienol (GTT), and δ-tocotrienol (DTT), were tested at different concentrations (1 and 10 µmol) and subjected to heating at 160 °C for 20 min before acrylamide quantification. At lower concentrations (1 µmol; 431, 403, 411 ppm, respectively), AT, DT, and GTT significantly increase acrylamide. Except for DT, enhancing concentration to 10 µmol (5370, 4310, 4250, 3970, and 4110 ppm, respectively) caused significant acrylamide formation. From linear regression model, acrylamide concentration demonstrated significant depreciation over concentration increase in AT (Beta = −83.0, R2 = 0.652, p ≤ 0.05) and DT (Beta = −71.6, R2 = 0.930, p ≤ 0.05). This study indicates that different Vitamin A and E homologue concentrations could determine their functionality either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants.

scholarly journals CFTR Modulator Therapy with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor Alters Plasma Concentrations of Lipid-Soluble Vitamins A and E in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Olaf Sommerburg ◽  
Susanne Hämmerling ◽  
S. Philipp Schneider ◽  
Jürgen Okun ◽  
Claus-Dieter Langhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leads to impaired pancreatic function and therefore reduced intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins especially in patients with CF developing pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Previous studies showed that CFTR modulator therapy with lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) in Phe508del-homozygous patients with CF results in improvement of pulmonary disease and thriving. However, the effects of LUM/IVA on plasma concentration of the lipid soluble vitamins A and E remain unknown. Objectives: To investigate the course of plasma vitamin A and E in patients with CF under LUM/IVA therapy. Methods: Data from annual follow-up examinations of patients with CF were obtained to assess clinical outcomes including pulmonary function status, body mass index (BMI), and clinical chemistry as well as fat-soluble vitamins in Phe508del-homozygous CF patients before initiation and during LUM/IVA therapy. Results: Patients with CF receiving LUM/IVA improved substantially, including improvement in pulmonary inflammation, associated with a decrease in blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 9.4 to 8.2 g/L after two years (p < 0.001). During the same time, plasma vitamin A increased significantly from 1.2 to 1.6 µmol/L (p < 0.05), however, levels above the upper limit of normal were not detected in any of the patients. In contrast, plasma vitamin E as vitamin E/cholesterol ratio decreased moderately over the same time from 6.2 to 5.5 µmol/L (p < 0.01). Conclusions: CFTR modulator therapy with LUM/IVA alters concentrations of vitamins A and vitamin E in plasma. The increase of vitamin A must be monitored critically to avoid hypervitaminosis A in patients with CF.

scholarly journals Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bello-Alvarez ◽  
Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid

Abstract Background As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Main body Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death. Conclusion Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.

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