scholarly journals Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Pikhtirova ◽  
V. D. Ivchenko ◽  
O. I. Shkromada
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mane Hair

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Pikhtirova ◽  
V. D. Ivchenko ◽  
O. I. Shkromada
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mane Hair

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.

Characterization of the hair coat of the Polish Konik and Hucul pony focusing on the physical features and histological structure of different hair types

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Roman ◽  
Anna Wyrostek ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż ◽  
Marzena Janczak ◽  
Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Mane Hair

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the hair coat of the Polish Konik and Hucul pony, focusing on the histological structure and physical parameters of the hair. Hair samples were obtained from 20 mares—10 of each breed. They were collected in winter, from the side of barrel, the mane, the tail, and front and rear fetlock. The hairs from the barrel were divided into overhair and underhair fractions. A higher percentage of underhair (about 70%) as compared to overhair (30%) was noted in both breeds. The overhair of the Polish Konik was about 50% longer than that of the Hucul pony, while the length of underhair did not differ between breeds. Both the overhair and the underhair of the Polish Konik were about 25% thicker than that of the Hucul pony. Elongation of particular types of hair did not differ significantly between the breeds. It was lowest for fetlock hair (about 45%) and highest for mane hair (about 55%). The histological structure of the cuticle layer of the hair did not differ between breeds.

scholarly journals Development of a new method for identifying species affiliation based on forensic hair examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6265-2020
Author(s):  
BALJI Y. A. ◽  
ADILBEKOV J. SH. ◽  
WIŚNIEWSKI J. ◽  
BEŁKOT Z. ◽  
ANUSZ K.
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Animal Hair

The aim of the research was to develop a method for determining the species affinity of animal hair by determining its melting temperature. The research material was selected from hair samples of livestock and wild animals. We investigated 170 hairs of 16 animal species and humans. The hair melting point was determined by an automated system for melting temperature determination Opti Melt (MPA100). In the present study, we suggest that species affiliation can be effectively determined by examining physical properties of hair, in particular by determining its melting temperature. The hair melting temperatures for different animal species are in different ranges, but the initial melting points for hair of certain animal species are similar. For example, the initial melting point for cat, sheep, hare, rabbit, and rat hair ranged from 100 to 111 ° C, and the hair of the wolf, bear, and fox began to melt at 139.2 to 141.2 ° C. The results of this research make it possible to determine the species affinity of animals according to their hair melting temperature, which had not been done before. The proposed method yields rapid results and can be used as an auxiliary method in ambiguous cases in which data obtained by microscopic examination are insufficient. It will greatly facilitate the work of forensic specialists, enriching the arsenal of available methods.

Differential diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in young

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
O. A. Kicherova ◽  
◽  
L. I. Reikhert ◽  
O. N. Bovt ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Secondary All ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, cerebral vascular diseases have been increasingly detected in young patients. It is due not only to better physicians’ knowledge about this pathology, but also to the improvement of its diagnosis methods. Modern neuroimaging techniques allow us to clarify the nature of hemorrhage, to determine the volume and location of intracerebral hematoma, and to establish the degree of concomitant edema and dislocation of the brain. However, despite the high accuracy of the research, it is not always possible to establish the cause that led to a brain accident, which greatly affects the tactics of management and outcomes in this category of patients. A special feature of the structure of cerebrovascular diseases of young people is the high proportion of hemorrhagic stroke, the causes of which are most often arterio-venous malformations. Meanwhile, there are a number of other causes that can lead to hemorrhage into the brain substance. These include disorders of blood clotting, and various vasculitis, and exposure to toxic substances and drugs, and tumor formations (primary and secondary). All these pathological factors outline the range of diagnostic search in young patients who underwent hemorrhagic stroke. Diagnosis of these pathological conditions with the help of modern visualization techniques is considered to be easy, but this is not always the case. In this article, the authors give their own clinical observation of a hemorrhagic stroke in a young patient, which demonstrates the complexity of the diagnostic search in patients with this pathology.

Meetings of medical societies. Society of Physicians at Kazan University

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Artificial Damage ◽  
Medical Societies ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
The Brain

Meeting of February 24Prof. M. N. Cheboksarov: Adrenal lipase, its relation to poisons and clinical significance. The report was printed in issue 3 of "K.M. Journal". In the debate Prof. P.P. Vasiliev pointed out that microscopic examination of the adrenal glands of dead B., mentioned by the reporter, revealed the existence of changes both in the cortical and in the brain substance of them. Proff. С. С. Zimnitskii and P. N. Nikolaev, noting the practical importance and interest of the reporter's work, pointed out that it would be especially interesting to trace the content of adrenal lipase in such diseases as typhoid and typhoid, as well as in animals with artificial damage to their adrenal glands.

Two Cases of Atheroma of the Blood Vessels at the Base of the Brain, with Remarks upon the Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Pathological Condition in that Affection

1870 ◽  
Vol 16 (73) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
J. T. Sabben
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
The Brain

In publishing the following cases, recently under my charge, of mental derangement dependent upon atheromatous deposit in the coats of the larger cerebral arteries, without any apparent disease of the brain substance, I desire, if possible, to define the symptoms of that condition during life, so as to enable them to be distinguished from those of general paralysis, with which I believe them often to be confused.

Morphology and Origin of the Perivascular Fibers Into the Brain Substance

Angiology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carrato-Ibañez ◽  
F. Abadia-Fenoll
Keyword(s):  
Brain Substance ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of hair cuticle of clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
O. P. Tymoshenko ◽  
◽  
O. S. Snopenko ◽  
G. A. Papeta ◽  
G. V. Vikulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
Index Value

It is known that the typical for animals of different species the nature of the serrations of the free edges of the scales of the hair cuticle, the density of their location and proximity to each other can determine the species of animal hair samples. The aim of the study was to establish the value of the cuticular index in clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs. The area of the outer surface of the scales of the hair cuticle, or cuticular index, was determined in 20 clinically healthy domestic cats and 18 dogs. Examination of the cuticle was performed using prints on a colorless lacquer, which was applied to a glass slide, pressing the hair to the paint layer. The imprint was examined under a microscope (enlargement ×400) and the cuticular index value was established in the root zone, in the thickest part of the hair shaft, expressed in μM2. It was found that in domestic cats and dogs without clinical signs of any pathology, the values of the cuticular index are in the range of 80-170 and 100-210 μM2accordingly. The value of the cuticular index in domestic cats 60-70 μM2 and in dogs 60-90 μM2in 100 % accidents does not meet in healthy animals. The obtained results can be used as a control during diagnostic activities for numerous variants of internal pathology of domestic cats and dogs, as additional diagnostic tests.

scholarly journals Reward and aversion encoding in the lateral habenula for innate and learned behaviours

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mondoloni ◽  
Manuel Mameli ◽  
Mauro Congiu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

AbstractThroughout life, individuals experience a vast array of positive and aversive events that trigger adaptive behavioural responses. These events are often unpredicted and engage actions that are likely anchored on innate behavioural programs expressed by each individual member of virtually all animal species. In a second step, environmental cues, that are initially neutral, acquire value through the association with external sensory stimuli, and become instrumental to predict upcoming positive or negative events. This process ultimately prompts learned goal-directed actions allowing the pursuit of rewarding experience or the avoidance of a danger. Both innate and learned behavioural programs are evolutionarily conserved and fundamental for survival. Among the brain structures participating in the encoding of positive/negative stimuli and contributing to innate and learned behaviours is the epithalamic lateral habenula (LHb). The LHb provides top-down control of monoaminergic systems, responds to unexpected appetitive/aversive stimuli as well as external cues that predict the upcoming rewards or punishments. Accordingly, the LHb controls a number of behaviours that are innate (originating from unpredicted stimuli), and learned (stemming from predictive cues). In this review, we will discuss the progresses that rodent’s experimental work made in identifying how LHb activity governs these vital processes, and we will provide a view on how these findings integrate within a complex circuit connectivity.

scholarly journals Percolation Analysis of Brain Structural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Guo ◽  
Xiaoqi Chen ◽  
Yimeng Liu ◽  
Rui Kang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
The Brain

The brain network is one specific type of critical infrastructure networks, which supports the cognitive function of biological systems. With the importance of network reliability in system design, evaluation, operation, and maintenance, we use the percolation methods of network reliability on brain networks and study the network resistance to disturbances and relevant failure modes. In this paper, we compare the brain networks of different species, including cat, fly, human, mouse, and macaque. The differences in structural features reflect the requirements for varying levels of functional specialization and integration, which determine the reliability of brain networks. In the percolation process, we apply different forms of disturbances to the brain networks based on metrics that characterize the network structure. Our findings suggest that the brain networks are mostly reliable against random or k-core-based percolation with their structure design, yet becomes vulnerable under betweenness or degree-based percolation. Our results might be useful to identify and distinguish brain connectivity failures that have been shown to be related to brain disorders, as well as the reliability design of other technological networks.

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