scholarly journals Development of a new method for identifying species affiliation based on forensic hair examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6265-2020
Author(s):  
BALJI Y. A. ◽  
ADILBEKOV J. SH. ◽  
WIŚNIEWSKI J. ◽  
BEŁKOT Z. ◽  
ANUSZ K.
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Animal Hair

The aim of the research was to develop a method for determining the species affinity of animal hair by determining its melting temperature. The research material was selected from hair samples of livestock and wild animals. We investigated 170 hairs of 16 animal species and humans. The hair melting point was determined by an automated system for melting temperature determination Opti Melt (MPA100). In the present study, we suggest that species affiliation can be effectively determined by examining physical properties of hair, in particular by determining its melting temperature. The hair melting temperatures for different animal species are in different ranges, but the initial melting points for hair of certain animal species are similar. For example, the initial melting point for cat, sheep, hare, rabbit, and rat hair ranged from 100 to 111 ° C, and the hair of the wolf, bear, and fox began to melt at 139.2 to 141.2 ° C. The results of this research make it possible to determine the species affinity of animals according to their hair melting temperature, which had not been done before. The proposed method yields rapid results and can be used as an auxiliary method in ambiguous cases in which data obtained by microscopic examination are insufficient. It will greatly facilitate the work of forensic specialists, enriching the arsenal of available methods.

A note on the melting-point of paraffins and fatty acids

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Moullin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Normal Paraffin ◽  
Simple Interpretation

The purpose of this note is to draw attention to a certain correspondence between the melting-points of normal paraffins and of fatty acids and to indicate a simple interpretation of this phenomenon. If the number of carbon atoms in a normal paraffin is plotted against the corresponding melting temperature, all the points in the diagram lie very close to a smooth curve drawn among them. If a similar diagram is made for the fatty acids, the points corresponding to an even number of carbon atoms lie on a curve of the same character as that found for paraffins. The points for an odd number of carbon atoms lie on a separate but similar curve, exemplifying the well-known alternation property.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Pikhtirova ◽  
V. D. Ivchenko ◽  
O. I. Shkromada
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mane Hair

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Pikhtirova ◽  
V. D. Ivchenko ◽  
O. I. Shkromada
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Brain Substance ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mane Hair

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.

Cis-Polyoctenamer: Thermodynamic Parameters of Fusion and Crystallization Kinetics

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gianotti ◽  
A. Capizzi ◽  
L. Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Equilibrium Melting Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The thermodynamic parameters of fusion and crystallization kinetics of cis-polyoctenamer were investigated. We adopted the cryoscopic method based on the melting point decrease in the presence of diluents, using toluene as a diluent. It was also possible to determine the equilibrium melting temperature by extrapolating the “kinetic” melting points, measured on polymers crystallized at various temperatures. The dependence of ΔHu and Teq on the cis content allows evaluation of their values for all-cis-polyoctenamer. Conclusions about the elastomeric properties of the polymer are drawn.

Predictions of Current Attachment at Thermionic Cathode for TIG Arcs

2008 ◽  
Vol 580-582 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Tanaka ◽  
Kentaro Yamamoto ◽  
Tashiro Shinichi ◽  
John J. Lowke
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Thermionic Cathode ◽  
Uniform Current

Study of current attachment at thermionic cathode for TIG arc at atmospheric pressure is attempted from numerical calculations of arc-electrodes unified model. The calculations show that the maximum temperature of arc plasma close to the cathode tip for W-2% ThO2 reaches 19,000 K and it is the highest value in comparison with the other temperatures for W-2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, because the current attachment at the cathode tip is constricted by a centralized limitation of liquid area of ThO2 due to its higher melting point. The calculations also show that, in cases of W- 2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, the liquid areas of La2O3 and Ce2O3 are widely expanded at the cathode tip due to their lower melting points and then produce uniform current attachments at the cathode. It is concluded that the current attachment at thermionic cathode is strongly dependent on work function, melting point and Richardson constant of emitter materials.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Isotope Effects on Triple Points and/or Melting Temperatures

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
W. Alexander Van Hook
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Triple Points

Àbstract Available literature information on triple point or melting point isotope effects (and related physical properties) is subjected to thermodynamic analysis and consistency checks. New values for the melting point isotope effects for C6H6/CgD6 and c-C6H12/c-C6D12 are reported. 6Li/7Li melting point isotope effects reported recently by Hidaka and Lunden (Z. Naturforsch. 49 a, 475 (1994)) for various inorganic salts are questioned

scholarly journals MODELLING THE MELTING TEMPERATURE OF A LIPID‐BASED CRITICAL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR: A COMPARISION BETWEEN SIMPLEX-LATTICE AND SIMPLEX-CENTROID DESIGNS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
KARINE CRISTINE KAUFMANN ◽  
ODINEI HESS GONÇALVES ◽  
EVANDRO BONA ◽  
FERNANDA VITÓRIA LEIMANN
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Lipid Mixture ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Improved Model

Critical temperature indicators (CTI) find applications in food industry in cases when defrost may not occur or a specific temperature may not be reached, , indicating changes through visual changes, such as melting, color changes, etc. Lipid mixtures are promising candidates to formulate CTI since the final melting point of the mixture may be manipulated by the proportion of each lipid. In this work a lipid mixture consisting of stearic acid, lard and peanut oil was used to develop a CTI mixture. Simplex-lattice and Simplex-centroid experimental designs were compared to modelling the melting temperature of the lipid mixture. Addition of axial points to the experimental design improved predictive ability of the models while the inclusion of inverse terms was necessary to improve models accuracy. Simplex-lattice design presented an improved ability to predict the melting point of binary mixtures, while the simplex-centroid design resulted in an improved model for predicting melting point of the ternary mixtures

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of hair cuticle of clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
O. P. Tymoshenko ◽  
◽  
O. S. Snopenko ◽  
G. A. Papeta ◽  
G. V. Vikulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
Index Value

It is known that the typical for animals of different species the nature of the serrations of the free edges of the scales of the hair cuticle, the density of their location and proximity to each other can determine the species of animal hair samples. The aim of the study was to establish the value of the cuticular index in clinically healthy domestic cats and dogs. The area of the outer surface of the scales of the hair cuticle, or cuticular index, was determined in 20 clinically healthy domestic cats and 18 dogs. Examination of the cuticle was performed using prints on a colorless lacquer, which was applied to a glass slide, pressing the hair to the paint layer. The imprint was examined under a microscope (enlargement ×400) and the cuticular index value was established in the root zone, in the thickest part of the hair shaft, expressed in μM2. It was found that in domestic cats and dogs without clinical signs of any pathology, the values of the cuticular index are in the range of 80-170 and 100-210 μM2accordingly. The value of the cuticular index in domestic cats 60-70 μM2 and in dogs 60-90 μM2in 100 % accidents does not meet in healthy animals. The obtained results can be used as a control during diagnostic activities for numerous variants of internal pathology of domestic cats and dogs, as additional diagnostic tests.

scholarly journals How Atoms of Polycrystalline Nb 20.6 Mo 21.7 Ta 15.6 W 21.1 V 21.0 refractory High-Entropy Alloys Rearrange during the Melting Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Pon Ju ◽  
Chen-Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Melting Mechanism

Abstract The melting mechanism of single crystal and polycrystalline Nb 20.6 Mo 21.7 Ta 15.6 W 21.1 V 21.0 RHEAs was investigated by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the 2NN MEAM potential. For the single crystal RHEA, the density profile displays an abrupt drop from 11.25 to 11.00 g/cm 3 at temperatures from 2910 to 2940 K, indicating all atoms begin significant local structural rearrangement. For polycrystalline RHEAs, a two-stage melting process is found. In the first melting stage, the melting of the grain boundary (GB) regions firstly occurs at the pre-melting temperature, which is relatively lower than the corresponding system-melting point. At the pre-melting temperature, most GB atoms have enough kinetic energies to leave their equilibrium positions, and then gradually induce the rearrangement of grain atoms close to GB. In the second melting stage at the melting point, most grain atoms have enough kinetic energies to rearrange, resulting in the chemical short-ranged order (CSRO) changes of all pairs.

The Hair Scale Identification Guide to Terrestrial Carnivores of Canada

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kestler
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Wildlife Monitoring ◽  
Least Weasel ◽  
Mustela Nivalis ◽  
Identification Guide ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Animal Hair

Mammalian predators are keystone species in any ecosystem. But many are elusive by nature and have territories that cover large areas of land, which makes them challenging to monitor. When tracks and signs prove difficult to interpret or are non-existent, hair samples recovered from the field offer a fantastic resource – one that is often overlooked. The Hair Scale Identification Guide to Terrestrial Mammalian Carnivores of Canada provides a fully illustrated, up-to-date hair scale reference for all 25 of the terrestrial carnivorous mammals of Canada. From the tiny least weasel (Mustela nivalis) to the giant polar bear (Ursus maritimus), unique traits – as well as tricky similarities – can clearly be observed through hair scale patterns magnified at the medial portion of the hair impression. These scale patterns aid in species identification when hair is the only possible evidence available. This guide also outlines hair impression techniques for samples found in the field, assisting ecologists and technicians with wildlife monitoring studies on predatory mammals where additional identification is required. Including range maps and key identification characteristics for all species represented, as well as superb images of hair scale impressions at two magnification levels, this book is a comprehensive tool for animal hair ID.

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