scholarly journals THE COURSE OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE UNDER MUHAMMAD-AMIN’S COMMAND IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 50s OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
D S Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century

Liberation struggle of mountaineers of the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century has always been one of the most topical problems in Russian historiography, since an integral, truthful and genuinely scientific concept of the events, which played an important role in the destinies of the peoples of the region, has not been created yet. It is known that the assessment of the Caucasian War has been changed many times. The researchers have misrepresented events and slanted a number of problems in the history of the local peoples and their relationship with Russia. The history of long heroic and at the same time tragic struggle of the mountaineers for freedom and independence is complex and unique. The people’s liberation movement arose due to socio-economic and political situation in the region, although intrigues of emissaries of other states also influenced the mountaineers’ struggle. The main reasons for the people’s liberation struggle appeared in the North-East Caucasus when the socio-political situation in the region had considerably changed. Basing on archival materials and special historical literature, the author of the article analyzes the liberation struggle of the mountaineers of the North-West Caucasus against the tsarist autocracy under the command of Shamil’s Naib Muhammad-Amin. The goal of the article is to trace the course of the people’s liberation struggle in the North-West Caucasus and its legal aspects in terms of both positive and negative sides. The author focuses on administrative and commanding talent of Muhammad-Amin, who managed to rally the mountaineers and organize the people’s liberation movement.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN OF QUBA KHANS: NEW VERSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Bedirhan E. Eskenderov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the origin of the rulers of the Quba Khanate, which was located in the North-East of the modern Azerbaijan Republic. A.-K. Bakikhanov in his work "Golestan-e Eram" states that the Quba khans were direct descendants of the yangikent line of the kaitag utsmi, to which the Quba khanate was handed over to the hereditary possession of the Shah of Persia. Basing on the book by Bakikhanov, a well-known scholar-caucasiologist A.P. Berzhe deduced the ancestry of the Quba khans with indication of dates of birth and death of members of their family.The application of the comparative method of studying the sources about the Quba khans and all the peripeteias of their appearance and rule reveals significant differences both in the history of their rule and in the dates of life and death of several members of the khan family with the data given by A. K. Bakikhanov and A.P. Berzhe.As a result of the critical analysis of the sources, it was possible to find out both the controversial nature of the circumstances of the appearance in the Quba territory described in Golestan-e Eram and the failure of Bakikhanov's theory on the continuous rule of a single dynasty in Quba until the elimination of the khanate by the Russian power in the 19th century. The study revealed that the Quba khanate was ruled not by one but by two dynasties. The first dynasty was of an unknown origin, possibly presented by the people from Kaitag utsmi's line. However, it was discontinued at the very beginning of the 18th century. The new dynasty was replaced by another one, the ancestor of which, according to legends, was a certain “Lezgi Ahmed”. The second dynasty ruled until the beginning of the 19th century, after which the khans' rule in Quba was over. Unfortunately, some of the issues of interest remain unanswered, as we could not find any information that sheds light on them.

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

A history of early household economics: Improving the family’s contribution to industrial production and rationalizing family consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1005
Author(s):  
Miriam Bankovsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Household Economics ◽  
Social Good ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Consumer ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article contributes to our knowledge of two early phases in the history of household economics. The first is represented by the 19th-century theory of Alfred Marshall and the second by the interwar theories of several North American consumer economists (Hazel Kyrk, Elizabeth Hoyt, and Margaret Reid). The aim is to present the analytical focus and accounts of social good that animated these phases. Since Marshall’s focus was on improving industrial production, his family economics explained how the Victorian family could improve the labour it contributed to industry. But the North American consumer economists sought to improve family consumption. Regarding ethics, 19th-century families were to cultivate an industrious and altruistic character. But the consumer economists thought families needed protection from producer fraud, along with living standards that expressed their individuality. Early household economics also accepted the gendered family form that had accompanied these developments, rejecting more ‘activist’ conceptions.

LXXXIX. Observations upon a slight earthquake, tho' very particular which may lead to the knowlege of the cause of great and violent ones, that ravage whole countries, and overturn cities. Translated from the French

1757 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 645-648
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of

I went to make my observation upon the natural history of the sea; and when I arrived at a place called the Cauldrons of Lance Caraibe, near Lancebertrand, a part of the island of Grande Terre Guadaloupe, in which place the coast runs north-east and south-west, the sea being much agitated that day flowed from the north-west.

A History of Some of the International Fisheries Commissions

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 361-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Cushing
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
International Council ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Fisheries

This paper is an account of the development of the International Fisheries Commissions. Excluded are the commissions under the aegis of FAO: an earlier group, for example the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Commission, are only advisory, and later ones, like the Atlantic Tuna Commission, have not been in existence for long enough to discern characteristics in their activity. The activities of the Russo-Japanese commissions in the north-west Pacific are also excluded, because their actions do not have great influence on the older commissions or upon the newer ones established in the last five years or so. Although the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea has now only an advisory function in the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, during its earlier history before World War II it was always able to act through the Danish Foreign Office. But a much more important point is that the International Council played a historically dominant part in the early development of many of the commissions, except of course those which originated in the north-east Pacific.

scholarly journals Brief History of the North-West Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeological Research (In Celebration of the 90th Anniversary of the First Northern Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeology Publication by V. I. Ogorodnikov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Slobodin ◽  
Alisa Yu. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

Purpose. To analyze the significance of V. Ogorodnikov’s 1929 article on finds from Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island in the historiography of archaeological research in northeastern Russia. Results. An analysis of his published materials, in the context of the history of archaeological research in Northeast Asia in the 18th – first quarter of the 20th century shows that this was, in fact, the first professional publication on archaeological research in this part of northeast Asia. Until that time, sporadic publications about random finds and their fragmentary descriptions did not give a holistic picture of human existence in these territories. It was also the first Russian archaeological publication post-revolution on the antiquities of the north of the Far East. However, Ogorodnikov’s article, from the day of its publication, was forgotten, and in all further archaeological research, both in Northeast Asia as a whole, and on Zaviyalova Island and in Taui Bay in particular, was not mentioned and was not analyzed by the archaeologists who conducted research there, although the conclusions made by him were confirmed by further work. This, apparently, was due to the fact that although he was a well-known Siberian historian and the first Dean of the Department of History of Irkutsk University, Ogorodnikov was unjustly repressed for political reasons in 1933 and died in 1938 in a Gulag camp. Despite the fact that he was politically rehabilitated in 1957, his name has not yet returned to the historiography of archeology of Northeast Asia. This publication aims to fill this gap. The Neolithic age of the archaeological materials declared and published by Ogorodnikov, previously unforeseen and not justified by anyone for Northeast Asia, was fully confirmed by further research. Conclusion. The publication by Ogorodnikov in 1929 featuring results of the first excavations in Taui Bay on Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island is a significant milestone in archaeological research in the North-East of Russia.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEVES OF THE TEA COMMUNITY OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1213
Author(s):  
Gyanshree Dutta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
North East India ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

India is a co-habitation of different casts, socio-cultural, religious groups of people. It is also observed in Assam, the state in the North-East India. It should be noted that the state of Assam has a reputation worldwide in the field of tea production. Since the beginning of tea production in Assam in the 19th century, the Tea Community social group of Assam has been formed with a large number of people working hard in the tea gardens. In this way tea farmers living in Assam since 19th century have become an independent community with their own social and cultural characteristics. The Tea Community of Assam has a lot of individual Characteristics in the socio-cultural aspects. This study attempts to discuss their social folk customs and believes.

scholarly journals Putopis Lacroma krunske princeze udove Stephanie i dvorskog marinista Antona Perka

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Sanja Žaja Vrbica
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Edition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Among the numerous travelogues describing southern Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, and its surroundings, the booklet called Lacroma merits special attention. Its author was the widowed Crown Princess Stephanie (1864-1945) and the illustrations were provided by Anton Perko, seascape painter at the court and the former governor of Lokrum. The first edition was published in 1892 in German, followed by an Italian one five years later. This article focuses on the first, German edition. Painter Anton Perko (1833-1905) stayed on the island of Lokrum from January 1879 until the beginning of 1881, with minor absences. The following year, he spent the entire winter on the island, and when the princely couple moved to Vienna, he also moved there in 1883. After the Mayerling drama, when Rudolf and his young mistress Marie Vetsera were found dead under mysterious circumstances, Perko’s life changed as well, yet he remained in the service of the widowed princess until 1896, when he retired. Anton Perko did not write an autobiography, but his important position in the royal household is evident from the fact that Stephanie and her daughter took care of his widow after his death in 1905. In 1892, a volume on Dalmatia was published as part of the complex work Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, initiated by Prince Rudolf and continued by his widow Stephanie, which must have also inspired her to write a separate book on Lokrum with its rich historical, cultural, and natural heritage. Her description of Lokrum is intended for future tourists, potential visitors from the north, and introduces the reader to this insular Arcadia with descriptions of its position in southern Dalmatia and Dubrovnik, after which she turns to the history of Lokrum and its monuments, with reference to two written sources: the Apendius chronicle and the Memorie storiche sull’isola Lacroma, published in Vienna in 1861. Illustrations by Anton Perko are completely subjected to the text, eternalizing scenes described by Princess Stephanie and faithfully presenting the details that intrigued the author. The German version of Lacroma was published shortly before the end of Perko’s active life, spent largely next to the Crown Prince and his wife. It may thus be understood as a sort of sublimation for his work as the court secretary and painter. Sketches for the nineteen illustrations in the Lokrum booklet were probably made in the previous decades, while Perko was still the governor of the island. Among his works donated to the libraries of Dubrovnik, there are three drawing folders of small dimensions titled Lacroma and dated to 1879 and 1880 respectively, as well as a number of drawings and watercolours showing Lokrum’s landscapes. As a passionate sketcher, Perko must have made a far larger number of drawings on the island, but they must have been acquired by Stephanie after his death, which is why the Dubrovnik collection possesses only a small segment of his oeuvre. With its historical overview, descriptions of architecture and vegetation, and especially the contemporary details, this travelogue offers a precious insight into the appearance and life of the island in the 19th century. Especially valuable details include those referring to the interior of the summerhouse, inscriptions on the walls of the monastery, and Maximilian’s poetry, which Stephanie recorded preserving it from oblivion and making it available for a wider audience. Perko’s illustrations carefully follow the text, completely subjecting themselves to the author’s tone and introducing us to the solitude of island vistas and their hidden beauty in the conservative artistic tradition of the late 19th century. The painter has drawn with utter precision the architecture and the vistas of the island, the imperial residence, and the coastline, including the rare inhabitants in the serene solitude of their isolation, in the spirit of AustroHungarian Orientalism that he adhered to, yet he also gave us an image of the island that is nowadays almost unrecognizable owing to the rich vegetation. This paper analysis the textual and visual segments of the travelogue and their contribution to our knowledge of the island’s recent history, including the imperial residence and the natural resources.

scholarly journals Notes on the 14th-century Ya'qubiyya Complex in Tlemcen, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Péter T. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Region I ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper discusses the Islamic funerary complex in central Tlemcen, Algeria, built in 1362–1363, recorded in historical sources as "the Ya'qubiyya", and today known by the name of Sidi Ibrahim al-Masmudi. During the late middle ages, the north-west corner of Africa was shared between two related Berber dynasties, the Marinids of Fez (Morocco) and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, who were in constant conflict with one another. The Ya'qubiyya complex was erected by the Zayyanid sultan Abu Hammu Musa II (r. 1359–1389) to commemorate his father and two of his uncles, who were praised in coeval sources as heroes of the war against the Marinids. In this article, I shall describe how the Ya'qubiyya was discovered in the 19th century, study the relevant sources in Arabic, discuss the extant buildings indicating their original parts, and touch upon the complex’s relations with other sites in the region. I shall conclude that, although the Ya'qubiyya commemorated members of the Zayyanid family who had fought successfully against the Marinids, its basic concept was adopted from the earlier shrine of the Marinid dynasty at Shalla (Rabat-Salé, Morocco).

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