scholarly journals Health Implication of Physicochemical Properties of Sump Oil Polluted and Remediated Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 854-862
Author(s):  
Nwodu J. A ◽  
Nwachukwu N ◽  
Ibegbulem C. O ◽  
Iwueke A. V ◽  
Akumefula M. I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity

Physicochemical properties of sump oil polluted and remediated soil was studied. Five (5kg) of soil was polluted with different concentrations (00, 50, 150 and 300 ml) of sump oil. The physiochemical properties of these soils were analyzed before pollution and after pollution using standard analytical procedures.The result of physicochemical parameters of the unpolluted, polluted and treated soils showed significant (P≤0.05) increase which are as follows: organic carbon%: (0.97,1.69-2.15, 0.8-1.49 ) organic matter%: (1.68,2.92-3.71, 1.3-2.57 )Total exchangeable acidity (0.5, 1.2-1.4, 0.5-1.1)Total nitrogen contentmol/kg:(0.08, 0.14-0.18, 0.06-0.12),Cataion exchange capacity(3.14, 4.18-5.17, 3.78-5.76) Calcium contentmol/kg:(1.2, 1.6-2.6, 1.4-2.6),Potassiummol/kg:( 0.18,0.18-0.22, 0.17-0.26) show significant (P≤0.05) decrease for PH:( 5.65, 4.11-4.31,5.67- 7.2) and magnesium mol/kg: (5.25,1.86-2.66, 4.26-7.63) The study concluded that sump oil pollution significantly changes the physicochemical properties of the soil and hence impacts it negatively. Treatment with house hold waste remediated the polluted soil and reversed most of the negative impact of the pollution.

scholarly journals Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Eduardo Lima ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.

Changes in the properties of Fijian Oxisols over 30 years of sugarcane cultivation

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
J. S. Gawander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils

Sugarcane production plateaued in Fiji at ~4 million tonnes annually (average ~55 t/ha) during the latter part of the 1980s but, in recent years, despite the continuing release of high yielding varieties, the total production has decreased to under 3 million tonnes (average ~45 t/ha). This study was initiated to study the changes in the properties of Oxisols following sugarcane cultivation to ascertain whether yield declines were due to degradation of soil biophysical and chemical properties. The study lasted from 1978 (when the soils were first cleared for agriculture) to 2009. Soil (0–15, 30–40 and 70–80 cm) properties including pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, water retention, bulk density, phosphate retention and exchangeable bases were monitored. The observed topsoil changes could generally be related to changes in organic matter and associated ion exchange properties. The major changes occurred in the first three years after clearing, but some changes continued for many years. Subsoil samples (30–40 cm) showed an increase in organic carbon after cane cultivation, probably due to soil mixing during land preparation, organic matter movement during cropping and decay of sugarcane roots. At 70–80 cm, small but significant increases in organic carbon were observed along with small decreases in pH. Overall, these changes indicate that careful management of topsoils is essential for maintaining soil fertility and hence sugarcane productivity on these highly weathered soils.

Hydrocarbons in waters and bottom sediments Of the Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-547
Author(s):  
I.A. Nemirovskaya ◽  
◽  
A.M. Titova ◽  
A.V. Khramtsova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Barents Sea

Hydrocarbons in water, suspended matter and bottom sediments of the Barents Sea were studied based on materials from expeditions to the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2019. It is shown that at present there is no oil pollution in open areas of the Barents Sea. With the transition from early summer (2019) to autumn (2016), there was a decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations in surface waters, caused by a change in the biochemical composition of organic matter (possibly due to a decrease in the area of ice). With depth, the HC content decreased mainly. An exception was observed in the area of gutters and deposits, where in the bottom nepheloid layers there was an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in suspension and in the surface layer of bottom sediments, and in the thickness of the sediments there was no dependence on their distribution and organic carbon.

Changes in exchangeable cations and exchange capacity of soil consequent on oxidation of its organic matter

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Davies ◽  
R. I. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Base Exchange

1. Loss of ignition at 450°C. and the organic carbon content of some shale soils are positively correlated (r = +0·99).2. Base exchange capacities and exchangeable cations were determined on soils, treated and untreated with hydrogen peroxide solution.3. Oxidizing the organic matter lessened the exchange capacities of all samples; the exchange capacity of the organic matter varied from 67·5 to 97·0 m-equiv./1OO g. dry material.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Spent Engine Oil on Selected Contaminated Soils within Ilorin Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Adeyinka AJIBOYE ◽  
Hikmat Omolara SULAYMAN ◽  
Abdullahi Taiwo AJAO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Before And After

The research aimed to investigate the bioremediation of spent engine oil on selected contaminated soils within Ilorin metropolis. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from three (3) mechanic workshops along Taiwo axis within the metropolis. The soil samples were then subjected to bioremediation using the land-farming approach. The physicochemical parameters of the soil samples before and after bioremediation were analyzed using standard methods. Bacteria were isolated using standard procedures and identified using biochemical tests and molecular methods. Results for the physicochemical parameters of the soil samples before bioremediation include particle size (all sandy in nature); pH (6.00 ± 0.14 - 6.20 ± 0.14); Organic carbon (14.65 ± 3.20 - 17.54 ± 1.87), Organic matter (33.50 ± 0.85 - 43.45 ± 9.12) and heavy metals (ND - 11.74 ± 0.07). Values after bioremediation for pH, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals were 8.25 ± 0.07 - 8.90 ± 0.14, 13.07 ± 0.05 - 13.25 ± 0.84, 37.25 ± 1.06 - 44.80 ± 1.13, ND - 9.40 ± 0.04 respectively. Values for bacterial count before and after bioremediation of the soil samples were 8.00  1.41 - 67.50 ± 2.12 x 105 CFU/mL and 6.50 ± 2.12 - 164.00 ± 11.31 x 105 CFU/mL respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Bacillus sp. while the hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria were identified as Thalassospira mesophila strain JCM 18969; Pseudomonas fluorescens F113; Siccibacter turicensis LMG 23730; Pseudomonas Zeshuii strain KACC 15471; Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CGMCC 1.1803 and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus strain ATCC 49840. In conclusion, the bacteria isolates effectively bioremediated the spent engine oil contaminated soils with a reduction of hydrocarbon pollutants.

scholarly journals POLLUTION POTENTIAL AND CHEMICAL INTERACTION OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH E-WASTE

2020 ◽  
pp. 3631-3640
Author(s):  
EYENUBO O.B. ◽  
EGHAREVBA F. ◽  
ASIA I. O. ◽  
OSAKWE S.A.
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Background Soil

The rapid increase in the amount of electronic waste in our environment is of great concern. This study investigated the contamination level, pollution potential and chemical interaction of cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM) and pH, on soil contaminated with electronic waste and background soil (unpolluted soil). It was found that CEC has the highest pollution values, which range from 194,616.00(10-20 cm)- 221,024.760 mg/kg (0-10 cm) for the polluted soil, which show a remarkable variation from the background soil. The TN value range from 139.257 -185.654 mg/kg across depths. The values of EC on polluted soil ranged from 0.260 – 0.746 mg/kg across depths. While that of TOC and TOM, ranged from 4,250.00 – 5,800.000 mg/kg and 8,300.000 – 10,000.000 mg/kg across depths, the values of pH for the polluted soil also ranged from 6.2 – 7.1 across depths. The pollution potential also showed high values across depths, the TOM, which ranged from 48.473 – 61.450 and TOC are almost of the same ranged with the TOM. The TN and TP were very low and the EC exerted negative pollution potential in all the depths. The chemical interaction showed high values in TN which ranged from 12,776.708 - 9,419.512 across depths, followed by TP and CEC which also display high values, but lower than that of TN. The EC values were low, which ranged from 1.620 – 5.984 across depths. The TOC and TOM were very low when compared to the rest parameter in the chemical interaction. The high values obtained in some of the parameters compared with the standard values, call for need for strict monitoring of the disposal of e-waste in our environment.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Soil under Different Forest Types in the Western Ramganga Valley (Uttarakhand Himalaya, India)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dinesh Singh Rawat ◽  
Deep Shekhar Das ◽  
Prabhawati Tiwari ◽  
Preeti Naithani ◽  
Jay Krishan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

The physicochemical properties of soils of six forests varying in elevation (lower, middle, and upper), slope, aspects, and floristic composition viz. L1 (Oak mixed), L2 (Chir pine), M1 (Rhododendron mixed), M2 (Rhododendron mixed), U1 (Abies mixed) and U2 (Abies mixed) from Western Ramganga Valley (Chamoli, Uttarakhand Himalaya, India) were scrutinized. The composite soil samples from three depths (0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm) were collected during the different seasons and the physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard manual and protocol. Texture, bulk density, moisture content, water holding capacity, organic matter, organic carbon, pH, nitrogen content, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and C:N ratio of soil samples from each forest site were analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the physical properties of soils either do not vary across the three depths (0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm) or show slight changes whereas chemical properties show notable variations comparatively. The significant variation (ANOVA, P < 0.05) was observed in the soil texture (sand, silt, and clay contents), moisture content, water holding capacity, and nitrogen content across the six forest types (study sites). The soil texture ranged between loam and sandy loam which is considered supportive for plant growth. Besides, the lower bulk density and higher soil organic carbon and organic matter with other determined parameters in the studied soils indicate that the studied six forests have sustained nutritive soils. It can be concluded from the present results that the soil physicochemical properties vary with changes in the vegetation composition (forest types) at different elevations in Western Himalaya. Further elaborative study will be done to ascertain interrelationship among the vegetation and soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Tree Forest Plantations on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Arboretumof Ruhande,Southern Province of Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsengimana Venuste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties

Different tree speciesare blamed to have negative effects on soil ecosystems by changing soil physicochemical properties, and hence soil quality. However, few researches to verify this statement were done in Rwanda. This study provides prior information on the effects of planted forest tree species on soil physicochemical properties. It was conducted in the Arboretum of Ruhande, in southern Rwanda. Soil cores were collected in plots of exotic, native and agroforestry tree species. Collected soils were analysed for soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus,  aggregate stability, bulk density, soil humidity, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. Soils sampled under exotic tree species were acidic, richin soil organic carbon, and in soil available phosphorus. Native and agroforestry tree species offer better conditions in soil pH, soil water content, cation exchange capacity, clay and silt. Less variations in soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density were found in soils sampled under all studied forest types. Research concluded that studiedtree species have different effects on soil physicochemical parameters. It recommended further studies to generalize these findings. Key words: soil, exotic, native, agroforestry, soil properties

Removal of organic matter by disodium peroxodisulphate: effects on mineral structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of some clay minerals

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Menegatti ◽  
G. L. Früh-Green ◽  
P. Stille
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Mechanical Dispersion ◽  
Mineral Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

AbstractThe use of disodium peroxodisulphate combined with a neutral buffer is a new method for the efficient removal of organic matter from clay-bearing sediments. The effects of this oxidation procedure on mineral structure were investigated by treatment of different standard clay minerals (kaolinite ‘china clay’, illite ‘Le Puy’, montmorillonite SWy-1). The materials were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM before and after leaching with disodium peroxodisulphate. Systematic experiments were conducted to determine the effects of leaching on the chemical and isotopic composition of oxygen, hydrogen and K-Ar in these samples. Effects on the physicochemical properties of the clays such as BET external surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and expandability with ethylene glycol were also investigated. The results show that structure, chemical composition, oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios, as well as the K-Ar system remain unaffected by leaching with disodium peroxodisulphate. The CEC and expandability remain unchanged, whereas changes in BET area can be attributed to mechanical dispersion by ultrasonic treatment.

scholarly journals High-pH and anoxic conditions during soil organic matter extraction increases its electron-exchange capacity and ability to stimulate microbial Fe(III) reduction by electron shuttling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuge Bai ◽  
Edisson Subdiaga ◽  
Stefan B. Haderlein ◽  
Heike Knicker ◽  
Andreas Kappler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Electron Shuttling ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Water Extractable

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) is redox-active, can be microbially reduced, and transfers electrons in an abiotic reaction to Fe(III) minerals, thus serving as an electron shuttle. The standard procedure to isolate organic matter (OM) from soil involves the use of alkaline and acidic solutions and the separation of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs). This process potentially leads to unwanted changes in SOM chemical and redox properties. To determine the effects of extraction conditions on the redox and electron-shuttling properties of SOM extracts, we prepared HA, FA, and water-extractable organic matter (OM) extracts, applying either a combination of 0.1 M NaOH and 6 M HCl or ultrapure water (pH 7), from soil samples collected from the subsoil (0–15 cm, A horizon, pH 6.5–6.8) in Schönbuch forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Both chemical extractions (NaOH∕HCl) and water extractions were done in separate experiments under either oxic or anoxic conditions. Furthermore, we applied the NaOH∕HCl treatment to a subsample of the water-extractable OM to separate HA and FA from the water-extractable OM. When comparing the amount of carbon extracted from soil by different extraction methods, we found that FA and HA chemically extracted from the soil can make up to 34 %–40 % of the soil organic carbon pool while the water-extractable OM only represents 0.41 %–2.74 % of the total soil organic carbon. The higher extraction efficiency of the chemical extraction is probably due to the deprotonation of carboxyl and phenol functional groups under high pH. Anoxic extraction conditions also led to more extracted carbon. For water-extractable OM, 7 times more C was extracted under anoxic conditions compared to oxic conditions. This difference was probably due to the occurrence of microbial reduction and dissolution of Fe(III) minerals in the soil during the anoxic water extraction and thus the concomitant release of Fe(III) mineral-bound organic matter. To compare the redox activity of different SOM extracts, the electron-exchange capacity (EEC) of all extracted HA, FA, and water-extractable OM was analyzed and our results showed that, under anoxic extraction conditions, the HA chemically isolated from the water-extractable OM had 2 times higher EEC values compare to the water-extractable OM itself, suggesting the potential formation of redox-active aromatic functional groups during the extraction with NaOH under anoxic conditions by condensation reactions between amino acids, aldehydes, and hydroxyl- and catechol-containing molecules. We also performed a microbial Fe(III) reduction experiment with all extracts and found that higher EEC of extracts in turn resulted in a higher stimulation of microbial Fe(III) mineral reduction by electron shuttling, i.e., faster initial Fe(III) reduction rates, and in most cases also in higher reduction extents. Our findings suggest that OM extracted with water at neutral pH should be used to better reflect environmental SOM redox processes in lab experiments and that potential artefacts of the chemical extraction method and anoxic extraction condition need to be considered when evaluating and comparing abiotic and microbial SOM redox processes.

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