scholarly journals The Assessment of The Effect of Proximity of Septic Tanks on The Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water from Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
N. K. Ochiba ◽  
D. A. Abong'o ◽  
J.O. Onyatta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Health Organization

The study was carried out to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in groundwater samples from ten selected boreholes in Ongata Rongai town, Kajiado County. The selected heavy metals analyzed were: Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cd and Cr in the dry and wet seasons. The effect of the proximity of septic tanks distance to borehole was also determined. The statistical analyses of the data using a 2-way ANOVA showed 95% confidence level (p<0.05) interdependence of the distance from the boreholes and contaminant levels. The study showed that heavy metals were below the maximum recommended level and the guideline values of World Health Organization and Kenya Bureau of Standards. The analyses of the selected heavy metals, by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, revealed that the detected levels of Mn (0.03±0.01 - 0.26±0.01 mgl-1) were higher than those recommended by WHO and KEBS of 0.01 mgl-1, while Zn (0.11±0.02 - 0.73±0.01 mgl-1) are within acceptable levels of WHO (3.0 mgl-1) and KEBS (5.0 mgl-1). There was no strong correlation between the distance of borehole from septic tanks and heavy metal levels in water samples. The low detected values should not be overlooked as the heavy metals are capable of bio-accumulating in body tissues.

scholarly journals Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals Levels In Borehole Water In Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County, Kenya.

2020 ◽  
pp. 09-15
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Borehole Water

The study was carried out to assess the levels of heavy metals in ground water sampled from ten selected borehole sites in Ongata Rongai town, Kajiado County. The levels of selected heavy metals analyzed were: Zinc, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, Cadmium and Chromium in dry and wet seasons the analysis was done by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Seasonal variation was considered as an aspect of pollution to the subsurface environment where there was no obvious observable environmental degradation or where unknown contaminants could have been disposed of, privately, without any matrix being charged. The analysis of water samples was done using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the results for the metal levels were in the range of: Zinc Below Detectable Limits- 0.73±0.01 (mgl-1 ); lead 0.21±0.01- 0.33±0.01 (mgl-1 ), mercury 0.0010 ± 0.0001 - 0.0019±0.0001(mgl-1 ); 0.256±0.01 (mgl-1 ); manganese 0.03±0.01- 0.26±0.01 (mgl-1 ). Cadmium and chromium had levels below detectable limits in dry and wet seasons. The levels of zinc and manganese were higher in the dry season than those recommended by World Health Organization of 3.0mgl-1 and 0.01mgl-1 respectively. The presence of the heavy metals in the borehole water is of concern since they could impact negatively on human health even at low levels due their accumulation. Stringent management and public awareness are required in order to safeguard the environment and human health in Ongata Rongai town.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater of the Chaco Plain, Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cecilia Giménez ◽  
Patricia S. Blanes ◽  
Edgar E. Buchhamer ◽  
Rosa M. Osicka ◽  
Yamila Morisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Quantification Limit ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chaco Province

The occurrence and distribution of arsenic and 23 other trace elements have been investigated in groundwater from Comandante Fernández Department in the Central region of Chaco Province, Northern Argentine. The arsenic concentrations samples ranged between 0.7 to 1990 µg L−1; 91% (n=45) exceeds the 10 µg L−1 World Health Organization (WHO) provisional standard limits for drinking water. Fluorine was detected in 31% of groundwater samples. Furthermore, there was found a significant correlation between As and F (r2=0.50), indicating an association in the prevalence of both elements. In addition, about 78%, 31%, 16%, 13%, and 4.5% of groundwater samples had, respectively, B, Fe, Al, Mn, and Sb exceeding Código Alimentario Argentino (CAA) guideline values. In contrast of the previously values descript, the corresponding to Cr, Be, Ni, Pb, Ag, Se, and Zn were found below the quantification limit. The presence of As and trace elements in groundwater represents an important issue because it can cause a public health problem.

scholarly journals Assessment of River and Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D Shinde ◽  
K. A Patil ◽  
P. A Sadgir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The ongoing degradation of the water quality of central Maharashtra’s basaltic aquifer is of great concern for different authorities and agencies involved in the water sector in the Maharashtra, India. The Kham river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari river, receives all domestic and industrial waste water from the Aurangabad city. The river, with no natural flow in the dry season, is extensively used for irrigation. In order to evaluate the quality of river and groundwater in the study area, eight river water and forty groundwater samples along right and left bank of the Kham river were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of the river and groundwater such as pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3 and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined. The results show that the river and groundwater of the area is generally unfit for domestic uses. Most of the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in the river and groundwater samples have higher value than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2003) guidelines.

scholarly journals Levels of Heavy Metals in some Commercially available Rice on the Liberian Market

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Gomah ◽  
R.B. Voegborlo ◽  
R. S. Ngumbu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Health Organization

Human activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and waste disposal can lead to heavy metals contamination of food crops, including rice meant for human consumption. In an effort to ensure quality and safe food consumption, this study determined the levels of toxic heavy metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Nickel (Ni) in rice brands widely consumed in Liberia. Hg was determined by AAS technique using a Lumex RA-915M portable Zeeman Automatic Mercury Analyzer. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni were determined by ICP-MS technique using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Ni concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 18.1, 4.8 to 117.9, 50 to 424.5, 1.1 to 37.1, 1.1 to 9.4 and 15.1 to 655.2 µg/kg respectively. The study revealed no significant statistical variability in the metal concentrations between the locally cultivated and imported rice, except for As (P = 0.002). The levels of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in all brands were below the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization guideline values. Cr and Ni levels were also below the European Commission Guidelines for all rice brands analyzed. The results imply that although the rice brands analyzed contain low heavy metal concentrations, the levels are unlikely to cause adverse health effects to the consuming populace.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of heavy metals in groundwaters and health risks associated in the Ntem watershed, Yaoundé, Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célestin Defo ◽  
Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban ◽  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Nestor Bemmo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Health Organization

The present study was aimed at bridging the gaps in the knowledge concerning heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) concentrations in the groundwaters of the Ntem watershed in Yaoundé. Representative groundwater samples (25 numbers) were collected from five hand-dug wells, and their metal concentrations were assessed as per standard procedures, and deterministic interpolation techniques were used to perform the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration maps. The ranges of concentrations of these metals in groundwaters were: Pb (0.11–0.34 mg/L &gt; 0.025 mg/L); Cd (0.00–0.08 mg/L &gt; 0.005 mg/L); Cr (0.12–1.33 mg/L &gt; 0.05 mg/L) and Ni (0.11–0.46 mg/L &gt; 0.05 mg/L). Besides, the average metal concentrations in the groundwaters of the sampling sites were in general higher than the prescribed World Health Organization (WHO) norms. The risk assessment indicated that the population concerned are considered unsafe, and are therefore exposed to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on health. The occurrence of more than permissible levels of heavy metals in the representative groundwaters and their spatial distribution indicate that there is a potential threat from these contaminants to the public health in the Ntem watershed.

scholarly journals Determination of Selected Heavy Metals in Tobacco Tree Shrubs Growing around Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. M. Kahara ◽  
J. Murungi ◽  
J. K. Kiptoo ◽  
G. Nyaga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loading Path ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Health Organization

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is presently a serious threat to public health. Despite the toxic contaminants contained in municipal waste, most of the dumpsites remain unregulated and uncontrolled. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Pb, Cr and Cd in the leaves of tobacco tree plants growing around the dumpsite so as to assess their impact on the environment. The pseudo-total concentration of the metals in the soil was done so as to calculate the transfer factors.pH and total organic carbon (TOC) of the soil was also determined. Soil and plant samples were collected thrice from thirty two sampling sites along the off-loading path from the centre of Dandora dumpsite up to a distance of 700 m away from the centre at depth of 0-30cm (top soil).  Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Pb levels ranged from 7.58±0.34 to 16.57±0.79 µg/g in the washed leaves and 9.22±0.36 to 19.27±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. Cr levels ranged from 5.11±0.40 to 14.4±0.91 µg/g in the washed leaves and 5.01±0.45 to 15.50±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. While Cd levels ranged from 0.24±0.01 to 3.62 ±0.17 µg/g in the washed leaves and 0.37±0.02 to 3.68±0.25 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. All these levels were above World Health Organization recommended limits in plants of Pb (0.3 µg/g), Cr (3 µg/g) and Cd (0.2 µg/g). Pearson correlation of the levels in the plants with their concentrations in the soils gave significantly positive values. This suggest that high metal concentration in the soil leads to increased mobility and hence bioavailability. Results obtained therefore suggest that Dandora dumpsite is highly polluted and people should be discouraged from using waste from the dumpsite as manure.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Species of Goby (Porogobius Schelegelii and Bathygobius Soporator) From Buguma Creek, Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations in different organs such as gills, muscles, liver and gatro-intestinal tract (GIT) of two species of Goby: Porogobius schelegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the creek and were preserved in ice chest box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested by using standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of metals were analyzed using a Varian AA240 Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Results obtained indicated that heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the liver of the two species than in the muscle, gills and the GIT. Comparatively, the concentrations of these metals were higher in the specie B.soporator than P. schelegelii in all the organs of the fishes under consideration. The heavy metal concentrations recorded in this study were above the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization. The high concentration of heavy metals above permissible level suggests the need for caution during the consumption of these species from Buguma Creek due to health implications associated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality and Suitability for Different Uses in the Saloum Area of Senegal

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyni Ndoye ◽  
Claude Fontaine ◽  
Cheikh Gaye ◽  
Moumtaz Razack
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Health Organization

Hydrogeochemical analyses were conducted on groundwater sampled from the Saloum aquifer, in southern Senegal. The objective was to identify the chemical processes that control hydrochemistry and to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Water samples were collected from 79 wells during the dry season in May 2012, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics (major ions), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS). The dominant hydrochemical facies observed for the groundwater samples are NaCl and CaHCO3. Gibbs plot depicts predominance of rock water interaction and evaporation processes controlling the water chemistry. Percentage of Na+, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Total Hardness (TH) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values were calculated. The results were compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization and agricultural water standards. The TDS in groundwater is less than 1200 mg/L and SAR values are less than 10. RSC values overall are less than 1.25 meq/L. Results show that the groundwater in the area has generally a low hardness and is fresh (95%) to brackish. The majority of groundwater samples are appropriate for domestic uses. The indexes for water irrigation compared with standard limits revealed that most of the Saloum groundwater samples fall in the suitable range for irrigation.

scholarly journals Different analytical methods for estimating the heavy metals in fish products available in the Iraqi local markets by atomic absorption technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hamad F. Musa Al – Jubouri ◽  
, Sarhan A Salman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Carp Fish

The present study aims to estimate heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc and Iron) by different analytical methods in local and imported fish products such as the following samples: (White tuna meat small pieces) Thailand produce, (Sardines with vegetable oil pepper, slices without heads) produced by Morocco, (Fish fillet without bones) Vietnam production (live Carp fish from ponds and live Carp fish from the Tigris River) Iraq production, and (Tuna cut small) Turkey production, The concentrations of above-mentioned elements in the target samples were determined by the flame atomic absorption device . Concentrations of heavy metals were estimated at (ppm) as follows : Cadmium values (0.48 - 2.05 ppm) , While Lead values (0.66- 2.90 ppm), The values of Zinc (2.99 - 19.14 ppm) , Copper values (0.15 - 2.66 ppm) , The values of Iron (15.47-3.28 ppm), The results showed that the best method of extraction was the method of digestion which showed better results than the other two methods (ultrasound method and Ashing method). The results showed that the levels of Cadmium and Copper in some products are higher than the limits allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Food Organization (FAO) while the values ​​of Lead, Iron and Zinc were within the limits allowed .    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.084

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

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