scholarly journals Spatial distribution of heavy metals in groundwaters and health risks associated in the Ntem watershed, Yaoundé, Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célestin Defo ◽  
Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban ◽  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Nestor Bemmo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Health Organization

The present study was aimed at bridging the gaps in the knowledge concerning heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) concentrations in the groundwaters of the Ntem watershed in Yaoundé. Representative groundwater samples (25 numbers) were collected from five hand-dug wells, and their metal concentrations were assessed as per standard procedures, and deterministic interpolation techniques were used to perform the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentration maps. The ranges of concentrations of these metals in groundwaters were: Pb (0.11–0.34 mg/L > 0.025 mg/L); Cd (0.00–0.08 mg/L > 0.005 mg/L); Cr (0.12–1.33 mg/L > 0.05 mg/L) and Ni (0.11–0.46 mg/L > 0.05 mg/L). Besides, the average metal concentrations in the groundwaters of the sampling sites were in general higher than the prescribed World Health Organization (WHO) norms. The risk assessment indicated that the population concerned are considered unsafe, and are therefore exposed to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on health. The occurrence of more than permissible levels of heavy metals in the representative groundwaters and their spatial distribution indicate that there is a potential threat from these contaminants to the public health in the Ntem watershed.

scholarly journals Assessment of some heavy metals concentrations in soil and groundwater around refuse dumpsite in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
I.O. Saheed ◽  
S.O. Azeez ◽  
A.A. Jimoh ◽  
V.A. Obaro ◽  
S.A. Adepoju
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Health Organization

This study reports the determination of some heavy metals’ concentration in soil and groundwater around refuse dumpsites in five locations in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Five samples were collected from each soil and ground water locations and analysed for heavy metals(Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and Ni)using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The soil samples were obtained in triplicates at 25cm depth intervals whereas the water samples were obtained from hand dug wells less than 10 m deep. The range of the values of heavy metal concentrations obtained in water is Co (0.01-0.04), Pb (0.01-0.02), Cr (0.02-0.05), Zn (0.40-0.70), Mn (0.02-0.05) and Ni (0.02-0.05), but Cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of Pb and Ni in ground water obtained from Arapaja, Aleshinloye and Alafara were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) limits. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Cr in soil exceeded the WHO and SON permissible limits. However, Zn and Mn were below the limit. Keywords: Heavy metals, Dumpsite, Groundwater, Soil samples, Concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment of River and Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D Shinde ◽  
K. A Patil ◽  
P. A Sadgir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The ongoing degradation of the water quality of central Maharashtra’s basaltic aquifer is of great concern for different authorities and agencies involved in the water sector in the Maharashtra, India. The Kham river, which is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari river, receives all domestic and industrial waste water from the Aurangabad city. The river, with no natural flow in the dry season, is extensively used for irrigation. In order to evaluate the quality of river and groundwater in the study area, eight river water and forty groundwater samples along right and left bank of the Kham river were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physical and chemical parameters of the river and groundwater such as pH, TDS, EC, SO4, NO3 and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined. The results show that the river and groundwater of the area is generally unfit for domestic uses. Most of the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in the river and groundwater samples have higher value than the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2003) guidelines.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Accumulation at the Bertam Agricultural Watershed in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Haron S.H ◽  
Ismail S ◽  
Sidek L.M
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Health Organization

The existence of heavy metals residues in water, soil and air poses a serious risk to all living organisms. Heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Hg, are major sources of environmental pollution, especially in areas with high anthropogenic and agriculture activities. The objective of this study is to determine the status of heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe in the water bodies of Bertam River, which passes through agricultural areas. The water samples were collected randomly in three replicates from 10 sampling points along the Bertam River. The heavy metals in the water were extracted by using filter paper with a pore size of 0.45 mm. The extracted water sample was preserved by adding nitric acid (pH <2). Sample concentrations were then tested for metal concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In this study, the highest mean concentration was Fe (96.04 ± 90.43 ppb), followed by Zn (5.68 ± 0.2.34 ppb), Cu (5.13 ± 2.98 ppb), Cr (1.53 ± 0.19 ppb), Ni (0.85 ± 0.22 ppb), Pb (0.85 ± 1.61 ppb), and Cd (0.027 ± 0.02 ppb), where Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Cr> Ni> Cd. However, the concentrations of selected heavy metals in the water samples were below the standards recommended by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Levels of Heavy Metals in some Commercially available Rice on the Liberian Market

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Gomah ◽  
R.B. Voegborlo ◽  
R. S. Ngumbu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Health Organization

Human activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and waste disposal can lead to heavy metals contamination of food crops, including rice meant for human consumption. In an effort to ensure quality and safe food consumption, this study determined the levels of toxic heavy metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Nickel (Ni) in rice brands widely consumed in Liberia. Hg was determined by AAS technique using a Lumex RA-915M portable Zeeman Automatic Mercury Analyzer. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni were determined by ICP-MS technique using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Ni concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 18.1, 4.8 to 117.9, 50 to 424.5, 1.1 to 37.1, 1.1 to 9.4 and 15.1 to 655.2 µg/kg respectively. The study revealed no significant statistical variability in the metal concentrations between the locally cultivated and imported rice, except for As (P = 0.002). The levels of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in all brands were below the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization guideline values. Cr and Ni levels were also below the European Commission Guidelines for all rice brands analyzed. The results imply that although the rice brands analyzed contain low heavy metal concentrations, the levels are unlikely to cause adverse health effects to the consuming populace.

scholarly journals The Assessment of The Effect of Proximity of Septic Tanks on The Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Borehole Water from Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
N. K. Ochiba ◽  
D. A. Abong'o ◽  
J.O. Onyatta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Health Organization

The study was carried out to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in groundwater samples from ten selected boreholes in Ongata Rongai town, Kajiado County. The selected heavy metals analyzed were: Zn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cd and Cr in the dry and wet seasons. The effect of the proximity of septic tanks distance to borehole was also determined. The statistical analyses of the data using a 2-way ANOVA showed 95% confidence level (p<0.05) interdependence of the distance from the boreholes and contaminant levels. The study showed that heavy metals were below the maximum recommended level and the guideline values of World Health Organization and Kenya Bureau of Standards. The analyses of the selected heavy metals, by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, revealed that the detected levels of Mn (0.03±0.01 - 0.26±0.01 mgl-1) were higher than those recommended by WHO and KEBS of 0.01 mgl-1, while Zn (0.11±0.02 - 0.73±0.01 mgl-1) are within acceptable levels of WHO (3.0 mgl-1) and KEBS (5.0 mgl-1). There was no strong correlation between the distance of borehole from septic tanks and heavy metal levels in water samples. The low detected values should not be overlooked as the heavy metals are capable of bio-accumulating in body tissues.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Species of Goby (Porogobius Schelegelii and Bathygobius Soporator) From Buguma Creek, Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations in different organs such as gills, muscles, liver and gatro-intestinal tract (GIT) of two species of Goby: Porogobius schelegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the creek and were preserved in ice chest box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested by using standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of metals were analyzed using a Varian AA240 Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Results obtained indicated that heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the liver of the two species than in the muscle, gills and the GIT. Comparatively, the concentrations of these metals were higher in the specie B.soporator than P. schelegelii in all the organs of the fishes under consideration. The heavy metal concentrations recorded in this study were above the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization. The high concentration of heavy metals above permissible level suggests the need for caution during the consumption of these species from Buguma Creek due to health implications associated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN THE STREET DUST IN SOME SELECTED LOCATIONS IN ZARIA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Suleman H. Nimyel ◽  
M. M. Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

The study investigate the level of heavy metal concentration in street dust in some selected locations in Zaria metropolis, by monitoring the concentration of Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Copper (Cu) for eight weeks. Street dust samples were collected by placing polyethylene bags on randomly selected roof tops and road sides at 20 cm to 30 cm to form composite sample. Sample collected were pre-treated and digested using standard procedure. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Results obtained showed that the concentration of Cr range from 16.670 ±2.20 μg/g to 31.895 ±1.845 μg/g, Cd concentration range from 0.280 ±0.042 μg/g to 1.900 ± 1.202 μg/g, Ni concentration range from 1.560 ±0.254 μg/g to 5.880 ±1.173 μg/g, Pb concentration range from 22.290 ±2.248 μg/g to 95.485 ±3.019 μg/g, Cu concentration range from 0.225 ±0.063 μg/g to 1.280 ±0.353 μg/g. The concentration of all heavy metals are below the limit set be World Health Organization (WHO) and therefore do not pose any health risk to humans. In sampled areas, the main sources of these heavy metals were anthropogenic activities such as open waste incineration, vehicle traffic, and ongoing construction at certain locations.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098525
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN GUILAN PROVINCE, IRAN

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi Nia ◽  
A. Alimohammadi ◽  
R. Habibi ◽  
M. R. Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Health Organization

The most underdiagnosed water-borne bacterial zoonosis in the world is Leptospirosis which especially impacts tropical and humid regions. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the number of human cases is not known precisely. Available reports showed that worldwide incidences vary from 0.1-1 per 100 000 per year in temperate climates to 10-100 per 100 000 in the humid tropics. Pathogenic bacteria that is spread by the urines of rats is the main reason of water and soil infections. Rice field farmers who are in contact with infected water or soil, contain the most burden of leptospirosis prevalence. In recent years, this zoonotic disease have been occurred in north of Iran endemically. Guilan as the second rice production province (average=750 000 000 Kg, 40% of country production) after Mazandaran, has one of the most rural population (Male=487 679, Female=496 022) and rice workers (47 621 insured workers) among Iran provinces. The main objectives of this study were to analyse yearly spatial distribution and the possible spatial clusters of leptospirosis to better understand epidemiological aspects of them in the province. Survey was performed during the period of 2009–2013 at rural district level throughout the study area. Global clustering methods including the average nearest neighbour distance, Moran’s I and General G indices were utilized to investigate the annual spatial distribution of diseases. At the end, significant spatial clusters have been detected with the objective of informing priority areas for public health planning and resource allocation.

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