scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Seed Pathogens (Fungi) of Different Cultivars and Varieties in Maiduguri Borno State

2021 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Shehu I. B. ◽  
Kharall A. ◽  
Makinta B.
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Local Sample ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Mean

The experiment was conducted in the pathology of department of crop protection univesity of Maiduguri Borno state. Which is located at latitude 11051N and longitude 13015E to exermine or to isolate and identified the fungi pathogen responsible for damaging same tomatoes cultivars (Solanum lycopersicon) seed in maiduguri Borno state.The result show that the improve variety of tomatoes seed has number of fungal isolation in the sample where the fungal include Aspergillus niger, fusarium spp, penecillium spp .Whereby in the cullum, the Aspergillus were present. Just less in the following treatment T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc-82B) Compared to that of fungal pathogen isolate in the local sample which are present T1(Seria dan zang), T2(Dan gashua), T3(Roman dan mazar), T4(Dan jino). Whereas in the Fusarium spp in the improved variety sample the fungal are present in T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc -82B), and T5(Roa savannah) while in local variety sample the fungal pathogen are present in T1(Seria dan zang), T3(Roman dan mazar), T4(Dan jino) and T5(Utc) where in penilluim spp the fungal are present in the improve variety in T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc-82B), and T5(Roma savannah) compared to that of the local variety sample which are in T2(Dan gashua), T3(Roman dan mazar) and T5(Utc) (Table1).Whereas in the mean disease index recorded on improved cultivars tomatoes. The result shows that T1with (98.14%) are recorded the highest index followed by T2(Tema) with (93.10%) while the least was recorded on T4(Roma vf) with (46.21%). (Table2) compared to that of local variety sample where by the highest disease index was recorded in T3(Roman dan mazar) with (100%) and the least was recorded on T1(Seria dan zang) with (97.23) and the least was recorded T4(Dan jino) with (92.26)(Table3).

scholarly journals FUNGI OCCURRED ON MARIGOLD (Tagetes L.) AND HARMFULNESS OF Fusarium SPECIES TO SELECTED CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

In Poland, cultivars belonging to three species of Tagetes are grown: T. erecta, T. patula, T. tenuifolia. Presented studies were conducted in 2015 in two localities of the Lublin region. Those studies included cultivars of Tagetes spp.: T. erecta (cv. ‘Alaska’, ‘Hawaii’, ‘Mann Im Mond’), T. patula (cv. ‘Bolero’ and ‘Carmen’) and T. tenuifolia (cv. ‘Lemon Gem’ and ‘Lulu’). Six weeks after the sowing and in flowering stage of analyzed marigold cultivars, the plants healthiness was assessed. The mean values of the disease index ranged from 16.25 to 29.0. The main cause of root infection at the seedling stage proved to be the species of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani. Proportion of plants with disease symptoms in flowering stage ranged from 1.25 to 5.5%. Regardless of the place of cultivation, species: A. alternata, F. culmorum and F. equiseti were the most often isolated from diseased plants in the flowering stage. Studies on the susceptibility of analyzed cultivars of marigold to infection by Fusarium culmorum, F. equiseti and F. sporotrichioides were conducted in a growth chamber. Significantly, the lowest value of the disease index of cultivar ‘Bolero’ (T. patula) allows to accept that cultivar as the least susceptible to infestation by Fusarium spp. under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity

scholarly journals Use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and ReGeneraTing Agent Matrix for the Treatment of Corneal Diseases

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Sánchez-Ávila ◽  
Edmar Uribe-Badillo ◽  
Carlos Fernández-Vega González ◽  
Francisco Muruzabal ◽  
Borja de la Sen-Corcuera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to investigate the use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) associated with tissue ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) drops for the treatment of noninfectious corneal ulcers. RGTA treatment was applied (one drop every two days); however, if ulcer closure was not achieved, PRGF eye drops treatment was added (four times/day). The time taken to reach the ulcer closure, the Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), Visual Analog Scale (VAS, in terms of frequency and severity of symptoms), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were evaluated. Seventy-four patients (79 eyes) were included, and the mean age was 56.8 ± 17.3 years. The neurotrophic corneal ulcer was the most frequent disorder (n = 27, 34.2%), mainly for herpes virus (n = 15, 19.0%). The time of PRGF eye drops treatment associated with the RGTA matrix was 4.2 ± 2.2 (1.5–9.0) months, and the follow-up period was 44.9 ± 31.5 months. The ulcer closure was achieved in 76 eyes (96.2%). BCVA, VAS and OSDI improved from the baseline (p < 0.001), and IOP remained unchanged (p = 0.665). RGTA and PRGF in noninfectious ulcers were effective and could be a therapeutic alternative for this type of corneal disease.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko ◽  
Justyna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Kaluski ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Unintentional Introduction ◽  
Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of winter Triticale Cultivars to Rhizoctonia Cerealis (sharp eyespot) and R. Solani

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lemańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
North Central ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis ◽  
Seedling Infection

AbstractIn the field study period from 2006 to 2010, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot caused byRhizoctoniawere recorded on 36 cultivars of triticale at the milk ripe growth stage. Four localities in north-central Poland were included: Chrząstowo, Dębina, Kończewice and Minikowo. The susceptibility of the seedlings of 30 cultivars of triticale toR. cerealis(AG-D subgroup I) andR. solani(AG-5) was studied in the laboratory. There was much variation in incidence and severity of sharp eyespot between years and locations. The disease was most intense at Chrząstowo. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 28 cultivars was 2.6-35.7 (-55.0), and the mean disease index was 0.7-15.6 (-24.5), with the lowest and highest values in 2008 and 2009, respectively. At Minikowo, the disease was least intense. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 23 cultivars was 1.0-4.6 (-18.0), and the mean disease index was 0.3-1.4 (-6.3), with the lowest and highest values in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The cultivars with least intense disease were Tulus and Atletico (Chrząstowo), Grenado and Zorro (Dębina), Krakowiak and Tornado (Kończewice), and Woltario and Constans (Minikowo). The cultivars with most intense disease were Alekto (Chrząstowo), Baltiko (Dębina), Pawo (Kończewice) and Borwo (Minikowo). MostlyR. cerealiswas isolated from the diseased stems;R. solaniwas isolated only sporadically. There was a wide variation in the susceptibility of triticale cultivars toRhizoctonia. Most triticale seedlings inoculated withR. cerealisproduced symptoms typical of sharp eyespot. Seedlings inoculated withR. solaniformed extended lesions with no defined borders. Most symptoms developed on coleoptiles, with less symptoms on the leaves and the least on the roots. There was much variation in susceptibility of triticale cultivars to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. Cultivars were grouped into six categories according to the intensity of seedling infection. Categories 1, 2 and 3, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. cerealis, included 17, 10 and 3 cultivars, respectively.Categories 4, 5 and 6, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. solani, included 3, 12 and 15 cultivars, respectively.Cultivars Baltiko and Zorro had low, and cv. Cultivo had high susceptibility to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. No cultivar was resistant toRhizoctonia. There was a positive correlation between infection byR. cerealisandR. solani.Infection of coleoptiles byR. cerealisorR. solaniwas significantly correlated with infection of leaves. No correlation between intensity of sharp eyespot on triticale plants in the field and on seedlings in controlled conditions was found.

Occurrence of ergot and its alkaloids in winter rye harvested in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bryła ◽  
E. Ksieniewicz-Woźniak ◽  
G. Podolska ◽  
A. Waśkiewicz ◽  
K. Szymczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungal pathogen that infects various grass and small grain cereal species, most often open-pollinated grasses, including rye and triticale. We tested 122 samples of rye grains harvested in three different regions of Poland in 2016 and 2017 for ergot and its alkaloids. Ergot sclerotia were found in all samples. The mean content of ergot sclerotia in grain ranged between 0.74 and 1.06 g/kg, and the mean concentration of ergot alkaloids in grain ranged between 270.1 and 580. 4 μg/kg, depending on the region of cultivation. 37% of the samples were infected with ergot below the 0.5 g/kg level set by the European Commission as the maximum permissible level for ergot, and in those samples the mean ergot alkaloids concentration was 155.8 μg/kg (range 4.7-667.9 μg/kg). A statistically significant correlation (R2=0.6941) between ergot content and concentration of ergot alkaloids was found. Ergot alkaloids concentration in grain was re-calculated into ergot alkaloids concentration in sclerotia, and was found to vary widely from 114 to 3,167 mg/kg. Ergot alkaloids profiles were most frequently dominated by R-configured ergopeptides, such as ergocryptine, ergocornine and ergocristine (31, 29 and 16% of the samples, respectively).

scholarly journals Bacteria Isolated from Treated Wastewater for Biofertilization and Crop Protection Against Fusarium spp. Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki ◽  
Tomasz Paweł Kurowski ◽  
Karol Kotlarz ◽  
Krzysztof Krawczyk ◽  
Marta Damszel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Fusarium Spp

Evaluation of the efficiency of the polystyrene cone and geotextile fabric for the protection of the vine against late spring frosts in Québec for small exploitations and tree plantations

OENO One ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yvon Jolivet ◽  
Jean-Marie Dubois ◽  
Hardy Granberg
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
The City

<p style="text-align: justify;">Based on temperature measurements recorded within the aerial portions of the <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. var. Melon vine variety during spring frosts, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of two methods of phytoprotection : the polystyrene cone and geotextil~ fabric. Experimentation was carried out in a vineyard located near the City of Sherbrooke in Québec during the critical hours (3 h 00 and 6 hOO, local lime), on may 14, 1994. Measurements of interstitial temperatures were acquired using electronic thennometers inserted into the vine shoots and trunks and relayed to a data acquisition system. Result show that: 1) the lowest temperatures are recorded in shoots and trunks located close the ground in the case of vine stocks without protection; 2) of the two methods of protection, the polystyrene cone is the most efficient since it maintains the mean temperature of the shoots and trunks 1,7 oC above those protected by geotextile fabric ; 3) under both types of protection, the coldest temperature are recorded in the highest shoots; 4) since fruit buds are more numerous towards the summit of the stock, it becomes clearly disadvantageous to use geotextile fabric in case of radiative frost because temperatures are col der by 1,5 oC than in the case of shoots \\-ithout protection.</p>

Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease with Digital Imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary ES Beaver ◽  
C. Richard Stasney ◽  
Erik Weitzel ◽  
Miichael G. Stewart ◽  
Donald T. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Grading ◽  
Objective Improvement

OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to assess the use of digital laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS) in the detection of objective improvement of the larynx after 6 weeks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and to evaluate a clinical grading scale for findings of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective analysis of digital LVS examinations from a tertiary referral center for laryngology by 3 independent blinded examiners. RESULTS: The mean score on the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Index for experimental patients was significantly higher than that for control patients (9.50 versus 2.92, P < 0.001), and posttreatment scores were significantly lower than pretreatment scores (7.35 versus 9.50, P < 0.001). Useful items on the grading scale for assessing the presence of LPRD and improvement in LPRD included supraglottic edema and erythema, glottic edema and erythema, and subglottic edema and erythema. Nonuseful items included the presence of pachydermia, granulomas, nodules, leukoplakia, and polyps. CONCLUSION: Objective improvement of signs of LPRD can be detected after 6 weeks of PPI therapy using digital LVS. The Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Index is a useful valid clinical tool for following treatment response to PPI therapy.

scholarly journals Priming and Accelerated Aging Affect L-isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Activity in Tomato Seed

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 632d-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Kester ◽  
R.L. Geneve ◽  
R.L. Houtz
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase

Damage and degradation of cellular proteins is observed during seed deterioration due to aging. L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.77) is an enzyme hypothesized to play a role in limiting and repairing aging-induced damage of proteins. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum `New Yorker') were assayed for changes in L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity during accelerated aging and after osmotic priming. Accelerated aging of seeds for 1 to 4 days at 45°C and 100% humidity reduced germination from 94% to 71%, the mean time of germination (MTG) increased from 2.4 to 5.8 days and was accompanied by a correlative decrease in L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity R2 = 0.90. Aged and untreated seeds were primed for 7 days at 20°C in darkness using aerated solutions of 3% KNO3 or polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) with equivalent osmotic potential (–1.25 MPa). Priming with KNO3 decreased the MTG but not germination percentage for untreated seeds. Priming did not affect L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity in untreated seeds but restored activity in aged seeds primed in KNO3 to levels near that of untreated seeds. Priming with PEG did not effectively improve the MTG or increase L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity. During germination, enzyme activity remained constant for 48 hours post-imbibition and then declined suggesting the enzyme was developmentally regulated and inactivated or degraded as radicle emergence occurred.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FUNGAL ACTIVITY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT CANNA CULTIVARS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kopacki ◽  
Mariusz Szmagara ◽  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽  
Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz ◽  
Krystyna Rysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
La Boheme

Three-year studies (2014–2016) were conducted in Lublin in the south-east Poland. The objects of research were the plants of ten canna cultivars: ‘Aida’, ‘America’, ‘Botanica’, ‘Cherry Red’, ‘La Boheme’, ‘Lucifer’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Robert Kemp’, ‘President’ and ‘Wyoming’. Observations were carried out each year in October. Plants with symptoms of stem and root rot, leaves yellowing and wilt were noticed on the investigated plantations. The plants were studied with regard to photosynthetic activity and also by disease index for all cultivars and statistical analysis was carried out upon them. The effect of disease index on photosynthetic intensity and transpiration was determined after the calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Infected plants were collected for mycological analysis. The results of mycological analysis showed that canna plants were colonized by Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Alternaria spp. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum predominated among pathogenic species. The best health status and the lowest number of colonies were noticed for plants of cv. ‘Botanica’. The infection of canna leaves by pathogenic fungi has negatively affected the intensity of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and it was largely related to the degree of infestation of specified varieties of canna. The photosynthesis process was limited especially in ‘La Boheme’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Cherry Red’ and ‘President’ cultivars, which were infected most frequently by pathogenic fungi. It was confirmed by negative Pearson’s coefficient.

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