scholarly journals FUNGI OCCURRED ON MARIGOLD (Tagetes L.) AND HARMFULNESS OF Fusarium SPECIES TO SELECTED CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

In Poland, cultivars belonging to three species of Tagetes are grown: T. erecta, T. patula, T. tenuifolia. Presented studies were conducted in 2015 in two localities of the Lublin region. Those studies included cultivars of Tagetes spp.: T. erecta (cv. ‘Alaska’, ‘Hawaii’, ‘Mann Im Mond’), T. patula (cv. ‘Bolero’ and ‘Carmen’) and T. tenuifolia (cv. ‘Lemon Gem’ and ‘Lulu’). Six weeks after the sowing and in flowering stage of analyzed marigold cultivars, the plants healthiness was assessed. The mean values of the disease index ranged from 16.25 to 29.0. The main cause of root infection at the seedling stage proved to be the species of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani. Proportion of plants with disease symptoms in flowering stage ranged from 1.25 to 5.5%. Regardless of the place of cultivation, species: A. alternata, F. culmorum and F. equiseti were the most often isolated from diseased plants in the flowering stage. Studies on the susceptibility of analyzed cultivars of marigold to infection by Fusarium culmorum, F. equiseti and F. sporotrichioides were conducted in a growth chamber. Significantly, the lowest value of the disease index of cultivar ‘Bolero’ (T. patula) allows to accept that cultivar as the least susceptible to infestation by Fusarium spp. under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Seed Pathogens (Fungi) of Different Cultivars and Varieties in Maiduguri Borno State

2021 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Shehu I. B. ◽  
Kharall A. ◽  
Makinta B.
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Local Sample ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Mean

The experiment was conducted in the pathology of department of crop protection univesity of Maiduguri Borno state. Which is located at latitude 11051N and longitude 13015E to exermine or to isolate and identified the fungi pathogen responsible for damaging same tomatoes cultivars (Solanum lycopersicon) seed in maiduguri Borno state.The result show that the improve variety of tomatoes seed has number of fungal isolation in the sample where the fungal include Aspergillus niger, fusarium spp, penecillium spp .Whereby in the cullum, the Aspergillus were present. Just less in the following treatment T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc-82B) Compared to that of fungal pathogen isolate in the local sample which are present T1(Seria dan zang), T2(Dan gashua), T3(Roman dan mazar), T4(Dan jino). Whereas in the Fusarium spp in the improved variety sample the fungal are present in T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc -82B), and T5(Roa savannah) while in local variety sample the fungal pathogen are present in T1(Seria dan zang), T3(Roman dan mazar), T4(Dan jino) and T5(Utc) where in penilluim spp the fungal are present in the improve variety in T1(Rio grand), T2(Tema), T3(Uc-82B), and T5(Roma savannah) compared to that of the local variety sample which are in T2(Dan gashua), T3(Roman dan mazar) and T5(Utc) (Table1).Whereas in the mean disease index recorded on improved cultivars tomatoes. The result shows that T1with (98.14%) are recorded the highest index followed by T2(Tema) with (93.10%) while the least was recorded on T4(Roma vf) with (46.21%). (Table2) compared to that of local variety sample where by the highest disease index was recorded in T3(Roman dan mazar) with (100%) and the least was recorded on T1(Seria dan zang) with (97.23) and the least was recorded T4(Dan jino) with (92.26)(Table3).

scholarly journals The occurrence of Fusarium species in white spears of Asparagus officinalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12559
Author(s):  
Roman ANDRZEJAK ◽  
Beata JANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of fungi of the Fusarium genus found on white Asparagus officinalis spears, depending on the presence or absence of disease symptoms, age of the plantation, date of harvest and the place from which samples were collected for mycological analysis. Additionally, the pathogenicity of selected Fusarium spp. isolates was determined. A. officinalis L. was cultivated for white spears. The research was conducted on the German dioecious cultivar ‘Eposs’. Samples of A. officinalis spears for tests were collected from two plantations. Six species of fungi of the Fusarium genus were identified in the asparagus spears: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, and F. fujikuroi. Among the Fusarium species colonizing Asparagus officinalis the greatest threat is F. oxysporum. Always there are more isolates in the spears with the symptoms, in epidermis. The late harvest date favors the development of fusariosis. This means that the spears harvested at the latest date (late June) are the most heavily colonised by fungi. The isolates of fungi of the Fusarium genus collected from the spears exhibit pathogenicity against A. officinalis plants.

scholarly journals Fungi infecting the roots and stem base of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) grown in the Lublin region (Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Mean

This study was carried out in the period 2001-2005 in 10 winter rye plantations located in the Lublin region. The percentage of winter rye stems with necrosis symptoms on the lower internodes ranged from 32.5% to 71% in 2001, 38% to 68% in 2002, 21.5% to 56.5% in 2003, 35% to 70% in 2004, and 36% to 88% in 2005. The mean values of the disease index ranged from 7.5 to 46.75 and they differed significantly. The results of mycological analysis showed that the main pathogens infecting the roots and stem base of rye were the species <em>Fusarium avenaceum </em>(24% of all isolates) and <em>F. culmorum </em>(25% of all isolates).

Associations between Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
H.U. Aamot ◽  
T. Torp ◽  
M. Jestoi ◽  
V.M.T. Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Relative Prevalence

During the last ten years, Norwegian cereal grain industry has experienced large challenges due to Fusarium spp. and Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of small-grained cereals. To prevent severely contaminated grain lots from entering the grain supply chain, it is important to establish surveys for the most prevalent Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins. The objective of our study was to quantify and calculate the associations between Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins prevalent in oats and spring wheat. In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, 178 grain samples of spring wheat and 289 samples of oats were collected from farmers’ fields in South East Norway. The grains were analysed for 18 different Fusarium-mycotoxins by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. Generally, the median mycotoxin levels were higher than reported in Norwegian studies covering previous years. The DNA content of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium langsethiae, Fusarium poae and Fusarium avenaceum were determined by quantitative PCR. We identified F. graminearum as the main deoxynivalenol (DON) producer in oats and spring wheat, and F. langsethiae as the main HT-2 and T-2-toxins producer in oats. No association was observed between quantity of F. graminearum DNA and quantity of F. langsethiae DNA nor for their respective mycotoxins, in oats. F. avenaceum was one of the most prevalent Fusarium species in both oats and spring wheat. The following ranking of Fusarium species was made based on the DNA concentrations of the Fusarium spp. analysed in this survey (from high to low): F. graminearum = F. langsethiae = F. avenaceum > F. poae > F. culmorum (oats); F. graminearum = F. avenaceum > F. culmorum > F. poae = F. langsethiae (spring wheat). Our results are in agreement with recently published data indicating a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species towards more F. graminearum versus F. culmorum in Norwegian oats and spring wheat.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Fusarium spp. on oat (Avena sativa L.) and susceptibility of seedlings of selected genotypes to infection with Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko ◽  
Alina Pastucha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Total Fungi

<p>The present study was carried out in the years 2010–2012 in the fields of the Strzelce Plant Breeding Company Ltd., belonging to the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Radzików, and it included 39 oat genotypes. At the six-week seedling stage, the percentage of plants with root and leaf sheath necrosis symptoms was evaluated. In 2010 the percentage of seedlings with disease symptoms ranged from 6.5% to 25%, in 2011 it ranged from 17% to 34.5%, whereas in 2012 from 10% to 25%. In 2010 the disease index ranged from 1.4 to 5.7, in 2011 from 4.5 to 8.8, while in 2012 it was between 2.0 and 5.4.</p><p>Mycological analysis showed that large numbers of <em>Fusarium </em>spp. colonies were obtained both from the roots and leaf sheaths. Isolates of these fungi accounted for 63.48% of the total fungi isolated from seedlings. Seedlings grown under the conditions of central Poland were damaged by the species <em>F. culmorum</em>, <em>F. avenaceum, </em>and <em>F. solani</em>. The investigation of the susceptibility of 15 oat genotypes to infection with two <em>Fusarium graminearum </em>strains – Tz 56 and Tk 235 – was carried out under growth chamber conditions at a temperature of 22–23°C and relative air humidity of 85%. The <em>F. graminearum </em>strain Tz 56 proved to be the most pathogenic to seedlings of the breeding lines STH 0.9403 and POB 1316/08, for which the disease index was 80.5 and 75.5, respectively. The lowest pathogenicity of the a.m. strain was recorded in the case of the genotype DC 1832/05, for which the disease index was 26.5. The <em>F. graminearum </em>strain Tk 235 proved to be the most pathogenic to the genotypes STH 0.9403 and STH 0.9423, for which the disease index was 70.5 and 70.0, respectively, whereas this strain was least pathogenic to the breeding line DC 2112/05, in the case of which the disease index was 25.5.</p>

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

EFFECT OF OESTRONE-PELLET IMPLANTATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
M. Sala ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Primary Break

ABSTRACT Eight female and eight male rats were castrated at the age of 8 to 10 weeks. Four spayed and four orchidectomized rats received one oestrone/cholesterol pellet (200 μg oestrone) on the day of operation (day 0), a second pellet on day 11 and a third on day 23. The remaining animals received four oestrone/cholesterol pellets at these times. The fluctuations in the prolactin levels in the circulation induced by the oestrogen challenges in these animals were followed during 31 days by radioimmunoassays performed on days 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 28 and 31. The results suggested that the homoeostatic mechanism regulating plasma levels of prolactin was capable of withstanding the three time-spaced oestrogen challenges only in the spayed animals receiving the lower doses of oestrogen, since it allowed the mean values of the prolactin levels to remain fairly constant during the first 4 weeks. The levels in this group rose to much higher levels only on day 31. The higher doses of oestrone in the spayed rats and both dose levels of oestrone in the orchidectomized animals apparently resulted in a primary break-down of the homoeostatic mechanism, since the prolactin levels in the animals of these groups rose to much higher levels either on day 7 or on day 9. This was followed by a period during which the prolactin levels appeared to be more or less under control, until a second and probably definitive failure of the homoeostatic mechanism allowed the mean levels to rise sharply again.

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