scholarly journals Development of Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
K. Siva Shankar ◽  
D. Gayatri ◽  
Ganesh B ◽  
T. Ramarao ◽  
N. Sai Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Short Period ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fast Acting

The rapid increase in population has more demand and consumption of electrical energy in the market, use of equipments such as electrical and electronic components are also costlier. In order to protect the system from overload, or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by fast acting electronic circuit breaker. A circuit breaker is an automatically operating switch designed to shut down the power supply when it is overloaded. The tripping depends on the current passing through the CT’s which is connected in series with load. The project is designed to develop the power supply which shuts down when it is overloaded by using a fast acting electronic circuit breaker. The concept of developing a electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCB’s and fuse take longer time to trip. Therefore for sensitive loads it is very important to activate the tripping mechanism within short period of time. We know that the Modern technologies are paramount to provide operational reliability and financial profitability, so it is very important to develop an electronic circuit breaker by using a micro controller arduino. Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed using arduino in which program is dumped and a particular is set so that the system can shut down when it is overloaded. Here the voltage is sensed and rectified to DC and then it is compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load. The relay is preferred in place of semiconductors because such solid state switches would invariably fail in case of accidental short circuits. This project is designed to overcome the drawback of thermal type of circuit breaker like MCB based on a thermal bimetal lever trip mechanism which is very slow. This project is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (Current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load very fast.

scholarly journals Electrical Device Protection from Overvoltage in a DC Power Supply Network: Fast-acting Protection, Realized by an “Artificial” Short Circuit in the Input of the Protected Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5314-5319
Author(s):  
S. K. Filipova-Petrakieva ◽  
Y. M. Shopov
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Power Supply Voltage ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Dc Power Supply ◽  
Fast Acting

In the present paper a protective device based on the so-called “artificial” short circuit in the input of the network, is proposed. To ensure the necessary time for switching on the protection, the increased power supply voltage is delayed to reach in the input of the protected device by additional inductance L, which is connected in series to the power supply. As a result of this forced short circuit, the DC-power supply is switched off by a standard protective circuit-breaker. The short circuit is realized by a fast-acting semi-conductor device (e.g. diac + thyristor, etc.). The controlling signal is formed as a voltage across a capacitor that is a part of RC-circuits connected in parallel to the DC-power supply network. An analytical expression for this voltage, using a classical method for transient analysis, is obtained. The main aim is to determine the exact time of switching on the protection. The research is confirmed with simulations by OrCAD PSpice under the exact values of the elements in the RC-circuits considered. Two rapid increase cases in the power supply voltage are considered: positive jump and linear increase. The suggested solution is applicable for overvoltage protection of different electrical devices. The electrical scheme, based on the electronic components, ensures a fast-acting breaking, which guarantees secure protection. Based on the analytical expressions, the synthesis of the circuit for control and protection is made and the respective values of its elements are calculated.

scholarly journals Modeling Operation of Liquid Metal Fuses When Breaking Overcurrents

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
A V Kuznetsov ◽  
D S Aleksandrov ◽  
Y P Yurenkov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Time Moment ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
In Series ◽  
Current Limiter ◽  
Temperature Melting

This paper shows that successful switching of extremely high short-circuit currents I> 50 kA can be achieved by joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter and a circuit breaker connected in series. The type NFU-225 device from Mitsubishi was taken as an example. The time-current characteristic of joint operation of a liquid-metal self-resetting current-limiting device and a circuit breaker was compiled. However, further in the article physical processes occurring in a liquid-metal self-resetting current limiter with a complete transformation of fusible unit are considered. The result of work is modelling of operation of liquid-metal fuses when overcurrents are switched off based on the pilot studies obtained by the Japanese scientists. It is proposed to simulate the break process not at every time moment, but at specific time moments (reference points). At other time moments, current and voltage should be considered as approximately linearly changing characteristics. The work of current limiter can be represented by three stages: the pre-arc, the main arc and the final arc. If the current density is less than 1000 A/mm2, then the pre-arc operation stage of the current limiter includes the following sections for heating the fusible unit: primary heating to the melting temperature; melting and its transition to liquid state; secondary heating to evaporation temperature; evaporation of fusible unit.

scholarly journals Active Reduction of Short-Circuit Current in Power Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Esteban Pulido ◽  
Luis Morán ◽  
Felipe Villarroel ◽  
José Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
In Series

In this paper, a new concept of short-circuit current (SCC) reduction for power distribution systems is presented and analyzed. Conventional fault current limiters (FCLs) are connected in series with a circuit breaker (CB) that is required to limit the short-circuit current. Instead, the proposed scheme consisted of the parallel connection of a current-controlled power converter to the same bus intended to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. This power converter was controlled to absorb a percentage of the short-circuit current from the bus to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. The proposed active short-circuit current reduction scheme was implemented with a cascaded H-bridge power converter and tested by simulation in a 13.2 kV industrial power distribution system for three-phase faults, showing the effectiveness of the short-circuit current attenuation in reducing the maximum current requirement in all circuit breakers connected to the same bus. The paper also presents the design characteristics of the power converter and its associated control scheme.

scholarly journals Application of “PolySwitch” fuses for the limitation of current overloads in photovoltaic systems of solar arrays

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanchenko ◽  
A. S. Tonkoshkur ◽  
S. V. Mazurik
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Connections

The results of experimental study of the transformation of the light current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics for the parallel connections of photovoltaic modules when using “PolySwitch” polymer resettable fuses are given. The conditions for selecting such fuses which allow their correctly triggering and minimize the current overload are formulated and experimentally verified. It is established that if resettable fuses are connected in series to the circuits of all photovoltaic modules, which are connected in parallel thus forming a unit, this prevents such a situation as the complete loss of electrical energy generated by this unit due to the short circuit of one of its modules. At the fuse triggering the total power loss of the unit of  parallelly connected photovoltaic modules is mainly determined by the decrease of its current by the amount that is equal to the current of the disconnected photovoltaic module.

scholarly journals Sistem Proteksi Power Supply Modul Praktikum Teknik Digital

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Anwar Mujadin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Capacitor Discharge ◽  
Voltage Comparator ◽  
Filter Capacitor ◽  
Experiment Module

<p><em>Abstrak<strong> – </strong></em><strong><em>Dalam melakukan praktikum teknik digital berbasis protoboard kadangkala pihak pengguna melakukan kesalahan fatal yaitu terjadi hubung singkat power supply dalam interkoneksi. Untuk menghindari kerusakan power supply akibat hubung singkat dalam modul praktikum digital, diperlukan sebuah rangkaian elektronika yang mampu mendeteksi dan memutus arus  sumber (power supply) dengan segera pada saat terjadi hubung singkat.</em></strong> <strong><em>Modul praktikum teknik digital dalam penelitian ini telah dilengkapi dengan sistem proteksi power supply dari hubung singkat dengan waktu tanggap kurang dari 5 ms, menggunakan teknis waktu jeda pengosongan kapasitor dan opamp pembanding tegangan.</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Abstract<strong> – When conducting experiments practicum in digital protoboard base project, users often made a fatal mistake that cause short circuit interconnection. To avoid damaging the power supply of experiment module (hardware), it requires an electronic circuit that is able to detect and cut off the main power supply immediately. In research the modular lab has been equipped with an electronics short circuit protection system with a response time of less than 5 ms, using capacitor discharge and opamp voltage comparator technique. </strong></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keyword – </em></strong><em>RC Transient, Power Supply Protection</em><em> Systems, Bypass Filter Capacitor.</em></p>

scholarly journals Interrupting Short-Circuit Direct Current Using an AC Circuit Breaker in Series with a Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kulkarni ◽  
Surya Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Dc Fault ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
In Series ◽  
Filter Capacitor

This paper describes and demonstrates the principle and efficacy of a novel direct current fault interruption scheme using a reactor in series with a controlled rectifier and a conventional AC circuit breaker. The presence of the series reactor limits the capacitive discharge current from the DC filter capacitor at the output terminals of the phase-controlled rectifier. In addition, the series reactor along with the filter capacitor forms an underdamped series RLC circuit which forces the fault current to oscillate about zero. This synthetic alternating current can then be interrupted using a conventional AC circuit breaker. The selection criteria for the series reactor and overcurrent protection are presented as well. Using the proposed scheme for an example case, a DC fault current magnitude is reduced from 56 kA to 14 kA, while the interruption time is reduced from 44 ms to 25 ms.

Analysis on 2nd Main Transformer Trip Accident of a Certain Substation of the West Inner Mongolia Power Grid

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1312-1315
Author(s):  
Li Juan Ge ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Haijun Li
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Differential Protection ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
The West ◽  
Protection Circuit

This paper mainly analyzes the causes of a 10KV line and 2nd transformer circuit breaker tripping, also analyzes the action mechanism of the relay protection. Because of the permanent phase fault at the head of the line, instantaneous over-current protection(SegmentⅠ) as its main protection of the phase fault made the 921 breaker triping, the action was selective.And the permanence of this fault led to the failure of the reclosing; Reversed the TA(current transformer) for measuring with the TA for differential protection in high voltage side of the transformer, this fault can also make the TA of the differential protection circuit quickly saturated when the external short-circuit current flowing through the TA. When the above saturation happens, a big differential current generating from differential circuit will lead to sampling error. This is the direct cause of the mal-operation of the differential protection which resulting in the 2nd transformer tripping. In response to this accident, put forward specific prevention measures.

scholarly journals Construction of High Precision AC-DC Power Supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049-2051
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Load Regulation ◽  
Efficiency Test

Several accessible power supply equipment with different difficulty levels and complexity mostly give a singular DC output that does not provide same use when an Output AC Power that is quite low to a great extent preferred. In this work, a stabilize, fixed and varying power supply device that has output voltage of 0.5 V to 18.15 V variable DC, and current range from 0 - 0.88 A with short circuit protection was constructed by using inexpensive materials, and fuse was used as circuit breaker . Likewise, we examined the regulation attributes of the power supply units that is just been constructed to a specific load regulation to decide its strength by contrasting it with a regular power supply device and ascertain the power supply's effectiveness through its efficiency. Test and examination were carried out utilizing the developed power supply unit to power loads of 10 to 50 Ω. The trend of the output results demonstrated that the power supply was in line with the standard PSU. The output supplied would be useful in research facility estimation to supply the power for direct incorporated circuits, delicate circuits, simple and advanced circuits, TTL and wide-ranging applications necessitating supply force.

scholarly journals Smart Circuit Breaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3152-3157
Author(s):  
Ankit Aloni
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Electronic Circuitry ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Domestic Purpose

This project is to supply single phase home appliances. This project is used for an alternative for MCB. MCB is fault current protective device which trip on fault current which flows in the circuit. MCB are based on the thermal bimetallic trip mechanism which is very slow and tripping time is based upon percentage of overloads MCB having bimetallic trip which gets derated after some mechanical operation and cause unwanted tripping. All the above faults will be overcome by smart circuit breakers which provide all types of protection such as overload, under voltage, high temperature and short circuit protection, this type of protection is necessary because, now days all, appliance such as LCD, Air conditioner, Refrigerator, etc consist of electronic circuitry which is voltage sensitive and get damage at voltage fluctuation. This project also monitors and display fault on LCD and stores the data for further action. Smart circuit breaker is fast acting and sense relay as fast as possible and trips the relay within 100msec. than MCB which takes 1000msec. to 1600msec. In addition to that LM 35 temperature sensor is also interface to microcontroller by if temperature exceed 550C microcontroller will trip the relay. The intention to use temperature sensor is to detect fire hazard in domestic purpose as well as commercial purpose.

Development of an Automated Three-Phase Distribution Box System

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Nor ◽  
N S Zemri ◽  
S A Daud ◽  
T Ibrahim ◽  
H Daud
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
External Disturbance ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Continuous Power

Most electrical appliances require continuous power supply. For domestic use, crucial appliances such as refrigerator, aquarium and alarm system highly depend upon the continuity of power supply. However, if they are left without electricity due to power outage or blackouts caused by internal or external disturbance, the discontinuity of power supply could be a critical issue to some involving party. Blackouts may be due to short circuit, fault or the overloading of electricity mains. During power outage, Residual Current Device (RCD) detects fault currents from live to the neutral wire within circuit and will trip to prevent shock. This circumstance can increase safety when a house is left unoccupied. Be that as it may, the power will remain switched off until manually reset by man. Thus, this paper presented a new concept of Three-Phase distribution box system in order to overcome tripping problem. This system will be able to identify and isolate the fault using measurement of current flow into each Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) of appliances and current flowing out from each of the load. The measured current value will be compared and the maximum allowable difference is 30mA. If the current difference exceeds the maximum limit then the fault MCB will be detected. Hence RCD will be automatically close the circuit after determining the fault location via the motor operation to make sure of power stability and evade any property loss.

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