scholarly journals Application of “PolySwitch” fuses for the limitation of current overloads in photovoltaic systems of solar arrays

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanchenko ◽  
A. S. Tonkoshkur ◽  
S. V. Mazurik
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Connections

The results of experimental study of the transformation of the light current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics for the parallel connections of photovoltaic modules when using “PolySwitch” polymer resettable fuses are given. The conditions for selecting such fuses which allow their correctly triggering and minimize the current overload are formulated and experimentally verified. It is established that if resettable fuses are connected in series to the circuits of all photovoltaic modules, which are connected in parallel thus forming a unit, this prevents such a situation as the complete loss of electrical energy generated by this unit due to the short circuit of one of its modules. At the fuse triggering the total power loss of the unit of  parallelly connected photovoltaic modules is mainly determined by the decrease of its current by the amount that is equal to the current of the disconnected photovoltaic module.

Modeling of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic solar arrays with protection against current overloads based on PolySwitch elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Tonkoshkur ◽  
A.V. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conducting State ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Parallel Connections

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to minimize and prevent current overloads (including the elimination of abnormal and fire hazardous situations) in photovoltaic solar arrays by using low-cost functional electronic elements, in particular, the new PolySwitch PPTC fuses. Design/methodology/approach The modeling method has been used to investigate the circuit solution of the use of PolySwitch type fuses to prevent and minimize current overloads in photovoltaic solar arrays. Findings It is shown that the limitation of the short-circuit current with parallel connection of photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells or their modules) can be implemented when the following conditions are met: the resistance of the fuse in the conducting state is much lesser than the parallel connection of the series resistances of the photovoltaic components; and the tripping current of the fuse must be greater than the maximum current of the separate photovoltaic components and lesser than the current of a parallel connection of several photovoltaic components. Originality/value The influence of the magnitude of the resistance in the conducting state and the response current of the fuses to the current–voltage and volt–watt characteristics of parallel connections of the photovoltaic components (photovoltaic cells or their modules) is analyzed. The modeling results are confirmed by experimental data on the transformation research of light current–voltage and volt–watt characteristics of parallel connections of industrial photovoltaic modules using resettable fuses of the PolySwitch type.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of an I-V curvetracer dedicated to characterize PV panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Mansour Zegrar ◽  
M’hamed Houari Zerhouni ◽  
Mohamed Tarik Benmessaoud ◽  
Fatima Zohra Zerhouni
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Curve Tracer ◽  
Current Voltage

In recent years, solar photovoltaic energy is becoming very important in the generation of green electricity. Solar photovoltaic effect directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The output of the photovoltaic module MPV depends on several factors as solar irradiation and cell temperature. A curve tracer is a system used to acquire the PV current-voltage characteristics, in real time, in an efficient manner. The shape of the I-V curve gives useful information about the possible anomalies of a PV device. This paper describes an experimental system developed to measure the current–voltage curve of a MPV under real conditions. The measurement is performed in an automated way. This present paper presents the design, and the construction of I-V simple curve tracer for photovoltaic modules. This device is important for photovoltaic (PV) performance assessment for the measurement, extraction, elaboration and diagnose of entire current-voltage I-V curves for several photovoltaic modules. This system permits to sweep the entire I-V curve, in short time, with different climatic and loads conditions. An experimental test bench is described. This tracer is simple and the experimental results present good performance. Simulation and experimental tests have been carried out. Experimental results presented good performance.

Investigation of Shading Characteristics of Mono-Crystalline and Poly-Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules Connected in Series

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Chuan Teo ◽  
Rodney H.G. Tan ◽  
V.H. Mok
Keyword(s):  
Ideality Factor ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
In Series

This paper presents the investigation of partial shading characteristics of mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module connected in series. Simulink models are developed to assist the investigation to determine the ideality factor for mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module. Commercially available mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module are used to extract measurable parameters for the model to study the behaviour of I-V curve. Measurements have been conducted for the investigation includingmono-crystalline only, poly-crystalline only, both unshaded, mono-crystalline shaded and poly-crystalline shaded. This paper contributes to the understanding of partial shading characteristics of different materials presence in photovoltaic string.

Modelling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Cell for Different Insolation Values Based on MATLAB/Simulink Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Narendiran ◽  
Sarat Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Array Type ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Current Input ◽  
In Series

The paper discuss about the modelling and electrical characteristics of photovoltaic cell and its array type of construction in matlab-simulink environment at different insolation levels. The photovoltaic module is modelled using the diode electrical characteristic equation. The photovoltaic cell is analysed by voltage input and current input modules, The voltage and current input photovoltaic modules are simulated with different insolation values by varying the construction of PV modules. The results conclude that the current input PV module is well suited for applications were it shares same current when connected in series and voltage input PV module, where it shares same voltage when connected in parallel.

scholarly journals Study on Mitigation Method of Solder Corrosion for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hee Kim ◽  
Jongsung Park ◽  
Donghwan Kim ◽  
Nochang Park
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Voltage Mapping ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
In Series

The corrosion of 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder connections poses serious difficulties for outdoor-exposed photovoltaic (PV) modules, as connection degradation contributes to the increase in series resistance (RS) of PV modules. In this study, we investigated a corrosion mitigation method based on the corrosion mechanism. The effect of added sacrificial metal on the reliability of PV modules was evaluated using the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction under damp heat (DH) conditions. Experimental results after exposure to DH show that the main reason for the decrease in power was a drop in the module’s fill factor. This drop was attributed to the increase ofRS. The drop in output power of the PV module without added sacrificial metal is greater than that of the sample with sacrificial metal. Electroluminescence and current-voltage mapping analysis also show that the PV module with sacrificial metal experienced less degradation than the sample without sacrificial metal.

scholarly journals Online Distributed Measurement of Dark I-V Curves in Photovoltaic Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1924
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Morales-Aragonés ◽  
María del Carmen Alonso-García ◽  
Sara Gallardo-Saavedra ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gómez ◽  
José Lorenzo Balenzategui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Distributed Measurement ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant ◽  
Photovoltaic Plants ◽  
Inspection Techniques

The inspection techniques for defects in photovoltaic modules are diverse. Among them, the inspection with measurements using current–voltage (I-V) curves is one of the most outstanding. I-V curves, which can be carried under illumination or in dark conditions, are widely used to detect certain defects in photovoltaic modules. In a traditional way, these measurements are carried out by disconnecting the photovoltaic module from the string inside the photovoltaic plant. In this work, the researchers propose a methodology to perform online dark I-V curves of modules in photovoltaic plants without the need of disconnecting them from the string. For this, a combination of electronic boards in the photovoltaic modules and a bidirectional inverter are employed. The results are highly promising, and this methodology could be widely used in upcoming photovoltaic plants.

scholarly journals Thermal and electrical energy yield analysis of a directly water cooled photovoltaic module

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Busiso Mtunzi ◽  
Edson Meyer ◽  
Simon Michael
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Font Color

Electrical energy of photovoltaic modules drops by 0.5% for each degree increase in temperature. Direct water cooling of photovoltaic modules was found to give improved electrical and thermal yield. A prototype was put in place to analyse the field data for a period of a year. The results showed an initial high performance ratio and electrical power output. The monthly energy saving efficiency of the directly water cooled module was found to be approximately 61%. The solar utilisation of the naturally cooled photovoltaic module was found to be 8.79% and for the directly water cooled module its solar utilisation was 47.93%. Implementation of such systems on households may reduce the load from the utility company, bring about huge savings on electricity bills and help in reducing carbon emissions. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/TSCI160407082E">10.2298/TSCI160407082E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals The impact of coloured filters on the performance of polycrystalline photovoltaic panel in an uncontrolled environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
Armstrong O. Njok ◽  
Joel I. Iloke ◽  
Manoj Kumar Panjwani ◽  
Mangi Fareed Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Coloured Filters ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Photovoltaic modules behave extraordinarily by transforming part of the visible spectrum into electrical energy, and their efficiencies are affected by the nature of radiation (light) reaching them. When light strikes a photovoltaic cell, this light may go through the cell without been absorbed if it is too energetic or if the light possesses low energy it will be absorbed by the cell and cause the electrons to twist and vibrate in their bonds without dislodging them, hence causing the cell to heat up which ultimately leads to a decrease in its overall efficiency. This study is aimed to investigate how photovoltaics respond to different wavelengths of light. For the study to achieve its aim, colour filters were used to ensure that only a particular wavelength of light reaches the photovoltaic module at a time. In the process of collecting data from the solar panel, the solar panel was placed horizontally flat on a platform one meter above sea level facing the sun. Data was first obtained from the solar panel without the filters and after that with the filters placed one at a time and data collected accordingly. The amount of solar power and solar flux anytime a different colour filter was placed on the solar panel were measured. Among the coloured filter used yellow produced the highest efficiency, while blue produced the least efficiency. However, the solar panel was still more efficient when exposed to the natural spectrum.

scholarly journals ALGORITHM FOR SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGNING OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES OF SOLAR ARRAYS USING A VARISTOR-POSISTOR STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (126) ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Alexander Tonkoshkur ◽  
Alexander Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Dynamic Correction ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Protection Circuits ◽  
Metal Oxide Varistor ◽  
Minimum Resistance

The use of modern hardware and software design allows to effectively solve a number of problems associated with the development of various technical devices. The specificity of this approach is the development of algorithms with the capabilities of dynamic correction of the design process with the participation of the user. The algorithm of the software implementation of designing protection circuits against electrical overloads in photovoltaic modules of solar arrays using a voltage limiting device based on metal oxide varistor and posistor of the PolySwitch type being in thermal contact is described in this paper. The algorithm provides for determining the optimal technical parameters of the voltage limiting device (minimum resistance and tripping current of the posistor element, classification voltage and non-linearity coefficient of the varistor element) for the operation of photovoltaic module, which is in the state of lighting in the absence and presence of faulty, degraded, or shaded photovoltaic cells.

scholarly journals A Review of I–V Tracers for Photovoltaic Modules: Topologies and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Morales-Aragonés ◽  
Miguel Dávila-Sacoto ◽  
Luis G. González ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gómez ◽  
Sara Gallardo-Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electronic Elements ◽  
Topology Selection

Current–voltage (I–V) curve tracers are used for measuring voltage and current in photovoltaic (PV) modules. I–V curves allow identifying certain faults in the photovoltaic module, as well as quantifying the power performance of the device. I–V curve tracers are present in different topologies and configurations, by means of rheostats, capacitive loads, electronic loads, transistors, or by means of DC–DC converters. This article focuses on presenting all these configurations. The paper shows the electrical parameters to which the electronic elements of the equipment are exposed using LTSpice, facilitating the appropriate topology selection. Additionally, a comparison has been included between the different I–V tracers’ topologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, considering different factors such as their flexibility, modularity, cost, precision, speed or rating, as well as the characteristics of the different DC–DC converters.

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