Utilization of Fly-Ash and Pond-Ash as A Partial Replacement of Cement In Concrete Mix Design

Now-a-days energy planners are aiming to increase the use of renewable energy sources and nuclear to meet the electricity generation. But till now coal-based power plants are the major source of electricity generation. Disadvantages of coal-based thermal power plants is disposal problem of fly ash and pond ash. It was earlier considered as a total waste and environmental hazard thus its use was limited, but now its useful properties have been known as raw material for various application in construction field. Fly ash from the thermal plants is available in large quantities in fine and coarse form. Fine fly ash is used in construction industry in some amount and coarse fly ash is subsequently disposed over land in slurry forms. In India around 180 MT fly is produced and only around 45% of that is being utilized in different sectors. Balance fly ash is being disposed over land. It needs one acre of land for ash disposal to produce 1MW electricity from coal. Fly ash and pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. The fly ash became available in coal based thermal power station in the year 1930 in USA. For its gainful utilization, scientist started research activities and in the year 1937, R.E. Davis and his associates at university of California published research details on use of fly ash in cement concrete. This research had laid foundation for its specification, testing & usages. This study reports the potential use of pond-ash and fly-ash as cement in concrete mixes. In this present study of concrete produced using fly ash, pond ash and OPC 53 grade will be carried. An attempt will be made to investigate characteristics of OPC concrete with combined fly ash and pond ash mixed concrete for Compressive Strength test, Split Tensile Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Durability tests. This paper deals with the review of literature for fly-ash and pond-ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete.

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The Effect on Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Flyash, Granite Powder and Plastic Fibres

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d7699.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 3516-3519

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Normal Concrete ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Granite Powder

The rapid growth of the population leads to a requirement of infrastructure this leads to scarcity of raw material for construction such as cement and sand. The other hand pollution growing due to thermal power plants, granite polishing unit and plastic waste this need to be removed. This gives an idea of using this compound as a raw material in concrete making. This concept found to effective minimizes disposal of fly, granite power and plastic wastes, and leads towards Green Building Concepts. In this investigation of M25 grade normal concrete is made by cement, sand, and aggregate which is tested and compared by special concrete. The concrete mix is prepared as per 10262 -2019 by adding replacing small amount of Fly ash in place of cement OPC 53 grade, and fine aggregate is prepared by partial replacing with granite powder (0%,10%,20%,30%)and another mix is prepared by adding 0.5 nylon fiber, partial replacement of fine aggregate with granite powder (0%,10%,20%,30%)specimens are casted . The casted specimens are tested for split tensile strength and compressive strength 7, 14 and 28 day’s respectively and these results also compared with each other. I t is observed that compressive strength and split tensile of concrete at 28days of curing show max value when compared with normal concrete. When the percentage of granite powder increases to 30% it shows that a decrease in both split tensile strength of concrete and compressive strength. When we added fiber to the concrete there is an increase in compressive strength and split tensile strength but there is a not much increase in compressive strength but increase in split tensile strength

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Combined Effect of Fly-Ash and Ferrochrome Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement on Mechanical Properties of Concrete

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199302008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 02008

Author(s):

Tribikram Mohanty ◽

Sauna Majhi ◽

Purnachandra Saha ◽

Bitanjaya Das

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Mineral Admixture ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Split Tensile Strength

Due to rapid industrialization extensive quantity of waste materials like fly ash, silica fume, rice ash husk, and ferrochrome ash etc. are generated. Ferrochrome ash is generated from Ferro-alloy industry and fly-ash is produced in thermal power plants are alternative materials which have the potential of being utilized in concrete as a mineral admixture. The present investigation considers the combined influence on strength of concrete using various percentage fly ash and ferrochrome ash as partial replacement of cement. Experiments are carried out to get mechanical properties of ordinary Portland cement by replacement of fly ash by 10%, 20%, 30 % and 3% by ferrochrome ash. Mechanical properties are measured by determining compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. It can be inferred from the study that a small amount of ferrochrome ash mixed with 30 % fly-ash gives higher compressive strength as compared to fly ash alone. Addition of ferrochrome ash also increases the split tensile strength of concrete. Since ferrochrome ash and fly-ash are both industrial waste, utilization of these waste materials reduced the burden of dumping and greenhouse gas and thereby produce sustainable concrete.

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CONTRADICTION ASH-AND-SLAG OF TPP

Construction and Architecture ◽

10.12737/10935 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53-56

Author(s):

Кирил Безгласный ◽

Kiril Bezglasnyy ◽

Роман Скориков ◽

Roman Skorikov ◽

Артем Шаля ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Power Plants ◽

Building Materials ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrial Scale ◽

Thermal Power Plants

This article shows the obstacles of using thermal power plant’s ash waste on an industrial scale. The results of determining the activity of fly ash and hydroremoval ash in a mixture with Portland cement are given. Schemes of translation ash from the category of waste with heterogeneous characteristics in the raw material with stable properties are offered. The most rational ways of using ash from thermal power plants in building materials are presented

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Design of Rigid Pavement by Self Cured Concrete Utilizing Coarse Fly Ash Aggregates and Curing Admixture

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 889 (1) ◽

pp. 012011

Author(s):

Ajay Rana ◽

Abhishek Sharma ◽

Kshitij Jassal

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Waste Product ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Rigid Pavement ◽

Natural Aggregates ◽

The Impact ◽

Ash Aggregates

Abstract In concrete industry, a huge amount of natural aggregates is used in the making of concrete every day. The environment is being exploited by mining for the gain of natural aggregates, resulting in an environmental instability in nature. As a result, an alternate source to substitute natural aggregates in concrete is required. A lot of waste materials have gain attention now a days into the concrete industry as a substitute to natural materials. Fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plants, meets the criterion for being utilised as an aggregate substitute in concrete because of its pozzolanic activity. Coarse fly ash is manufactured using a good manufacturing method and is light in weight. Keeping this into view, the impact of partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse fly ash aggregates produced using the colds bonded method is explored in this paper. The major focus of this study is on testing for flexural strength of self-cured concrete, as flexural strength is a key criterion for rigid pavement design. In this study, coarse fly ash aggregates are utilised in concrete in different proportions to substitute natural aggregates, and the optimal value for flexural strength is determined using a curing additive. The findings of this experiment indicated that when fly ash aggregates and curing additives were used optimally, the flexure strength improved, which is enough for the construction of rigid pavement as criteria fixed by Indian Standards.

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Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer: Green Material in Carbon-Constrained Society

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.321.65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 321 ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

Hoc Thang Nguyen ◽

Phong Thanh Dang

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Raw Material ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Green Materials ◽

Alumino Silicate

Climate change is recognized as a global problem and even the industrial and construction sectors are trying to reduce the green-house gas emissions, especially on CO2 emissions. In Vietnam, the coal-fired thermal power plants are discharging millions of tons of CO2 and coal ash annually. This coal ash is comprised of about 80% of fly ash and the rest is bottom ash. This study would like to introduce one of the potential solutions in a carbon-constrained society that would not only manage the fly ash but also utilized this as raw material for green materials through geopolymerization. The geopolymer-based material has lower energy consumption, minimal CO2 emissions and lower production cost as it valorizes industrial waste. The fly ash containing high alumino-silicate resources from a coal-fired power plant in Vietnam was mixed with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions to obtain the geopolymeric pastes. The pastes were molded in 10x10x20cm molds and then cured at room temperature for 28 days. The 28-day geopolymer specimens were carried out to test for engineering properties such as compressive strength (MPa), volumetric weight (kg/m3), and water absorption (kg/m3). The microstructure analysis was also conducted for this eco-friendly materials using X ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Differential Thermal Analysis - Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA).

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Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Binder: A Future Construction Material

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min8070299 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 299 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Nakshatra Singh

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Coming Out ◽

Power Plants ◽

Construction Material ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Waste Production ◽

Alternative Material

A large amount of waste coming out from industries has posed a great challenge in its disposal and effect on the environment. Particularly fly ash, coming out from thermal power plants, which contains aluminosilicate minerals and creates a lot of environmental problems. In recent years, it has been found that geopolymer may give solutions to waste problems and environmental issues. Geopolymer is an inorganic polymer first introduced by Davidovits. Geopolymer concrete can be considered as an innovative and alternative material to traditional Portland cement concrete. Use of fly ash as a raw material minimizes the waste production of thermal power plants and protects the environment. Geopolymer concretes have high early strength and resistant to an aggressive atmosphere. Methods of preparation and characterization of fly ash-based geopolymers have been presented in this paper. The properties of geopolymer cement/mortar/concrete under different conditions have been highlighted. Fire resistance properties and 3D printing technology have also been discussed.

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Experimental Investigation on Waste Utilization of Steel Fiber and Fly Ash in Concrete with Partially Replacement of Cement

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1643-1646

Author(s):

Nitish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

Steel Fiber ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Steel Fibres

Abstract: In India, major part of electricity is produced from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants use different types of fuels for combustion. During combustion of coal as a fuel in these thermal power plants, a byproduct namely fly ash is produced. Indian coal has highest ash content as compared to coal found in other countries. There are nearly 85 thermal power plants in India which uses coal as source for power generation and thus produces a large amount of fly ash. This fly ash is disposed in soil, which in turn causes a lot of environmental problems. To overcome this disposal of fly ash into the soil, it can be used in concrete by partially replacing with cement. This study deals with investigation for M25 Grade of newlineconcrete to study the mechanical properties of Steel fiber reinforced concrete newline(SFRC) containing fiber of an interval of 0.5% from 0.0% to 2.0% by new line weight of cement. In this study are steel fibres are used and compare properties with conventional concrete. In this study we are casting 6 cubes and 6 cylinders out of which 2 each for 7, 14, 28 days. Keywords: Steel fibres, Cement and Compressive Strength, GGBS, Fly Ash, SFRC, Cement, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength

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The Usability of Fly Ash for the Construction of Embankment Dams

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.587.26 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 587 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Vit Cerný ◽

Rostislav Drochytka ◽

Jan Jandora

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Site Testing ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Embankment Dams ◽

Different Types ◽

Building Area ◽

By Products

Power supplying industry in the Czech Republic is still dependent on thermal power plants. Due to the on-going and completed renovation of the existing power plant units, it is expected that they will be serviceable for the following 30 years. It is therefore necessary to look for suitable use of the by-products of these plants. Using the energy by-products during construction of dikes is currently limited to creation of little protective dikes on unloading yards of fly ash stabilizers. Here we can take advantage of the binding abilities of the energy by-product to stabilize the unloading yards and protect the environment. This method is technologically less effective for constructions of anti-flood dikes. Therefore we use the soils from the vicinity of the building area. A suitable method of using fly ash in water building industry lies in repairs of existing earth dams by using fly-ash and clay grouting that increase homogeneity, stability and impermeability of the dam. This paper deals with laboratory verification of suitability of different types of fly-ash in the mixture with special sealing clay. It also deals with designing optimal recipes for "on-site" testing. Results of the tests clearly recommend classical fly ash as the most suitable raw material. On the other hand, the bedding ash marked is not suitable for this technology.

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Recycling of Fly Ash as an Energy Efficient Building Material: A Sustainable Approach

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 692 ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

Mohammad Arif Kamal

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Building Material ◽

Power Plants ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Resource Material

Fly Ash, known for its proven stability for variety of applications as admixture in cement, concrete, mortar, lime pozzolan mixture (bricks. blocks) etc, is an industrial by-product from Thermal Power Plants with current annual generation of approximately 108 million tones. Fly Ash is not just environment friendly, but is known for its cost effectiveness as well. Its use as a building material helps increase buildings strength and stability. Fly Ash is believed to be a very promising alternative for the industry seeking to meet its development objectives. Fly Ash is being very effectively and economically used in building components such as bricks, doors, door-frames, etc. Fly Ash is also being used in construction of roads and embankments with some design changes. It is also used as raw material in agricultural and wasteland development programmes. The trend is clear, Fly Ash will soon be considered as a resource material and its potential will be fully exploited. Through development & application of technologies, Fly Ash has shifted from “Waste Material” category to “Resource Material” category. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of disposal and utilization of Fly Ash and its beneficial potential in application of civil engineering construction as well as others. The focus of this paper is to explore the properties of fly ash as building materials and also aims at the properties of geopolymer concrete, how these distinguish from general characteristics of ordinary Portland cement. It also lay emphasize on durability, properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete and its advantage when used as a construction material as well.

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