scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shell Remover

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
Ganesh M ◽  
Sethuraaman. A ◽  
Jagadeesan S
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
Pitch Length ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Peasant Farmers

Groundnut product demand is on the increase and the application is largely dependent on the cleanness of the nuts. The separation process is usually an energy sapping task that requires a lot of time. In order to separate the nuts from its shell effectively a shelling machine was developed. The machine employs an auger screw as a means of breaking the groundnut pod. The machine basically comprises of shelling chamber, separating chamber and a motor (1HP). The arrangement of these parts is connected by a compound belt of type B standard V-belt of pitch length 1694mm. With the Von-mises equation, the material for the shelling shaft is taken to be mild steel. The materials used in the fabrication of the machine are sourced locally so as to ensure that it is cheap, affordable and easily maintained by the peasant farmers. The shelling efficiency and material damage are 84% and 14% respectively for groundnut seeds of 86.5% dry.

Elastic-plastic response of a sandwich cylinder subjected to internal pressure

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Muensterer ◽  
F P J Rimrott
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Concentric Cylinders ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Plastic Zones ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Von Mises

The propagation of plastic zones in a thin-walled sandwich-type cylinder has been analysed theoretically. Boundary conditions are clamped-clamped at both ends, i.e. no rotation is permitted. The material was assumed to behave isotropically and to obey the yieid criterion of Huber-Hencky-von Mises. Deformation was computed on the assumption that the vector of rate of strain was normal to the plastic-interaction curve. The predicted result was verified experimentally. Four specimens were built by lamination of a hexcell core between two concentric cylinders. In the two mild-steel specimens, the initial stage of plastic flow conformed well with the prediction. This proved that plastic flow is not initiated at the mid-position between the end constraints. In two aluminium specimens, this phenomenon of incipient plastic flow could not be observed owing to the absence of a pronounced yield point. The overall agreement was, however, satisfactory.

scholarly journals DESAIN DAN ANALISIS TEGANGAN STRUKTUR CRANE KAPASITAS 10 TON MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Lasinta Ari Nendra Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Von Mises

Crane is one of the heavy equipment that is widely used in the industry. The crane functions as a tool for lifting heavy loads and moving them from one place to another vertically and horizontally. In the LAPAN Garut office, it is used for the rocket assembly process. The study investigates the design and analysis of von Mises stress of crane structure with a capacity of 10 tons using mild steel material. The investigation was carried out numerically using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017. The simulation results showed the Crane structure had a von Mises stress, deformation, mass, and safety factor respectively 63.73 MPa; 2,173 mm; 1.508,53 kg; and 3.25.Keywords: autodesk inventor 2017; finite element method; mild steel; stress analysis; von Mises stressABSTRAKCrane merupakan salah satu alat berat yang banyak digunakan dalam suatu industri. Crane berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengangkat beban berat dan memindahkannya dari satu tempat ke tempat lain secara vertikal maupun horisontal. Di LAPAN Garut, Crane digunakan untuk proses perakitan roket. Penelitian ini meneliti tentang perancangan dan analisis tegangan von Mises struktur Crane dengan kapasitas 10 Ton menggunakan material mild steel. Analisis dilakukan secara numerik dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan struktur Crane memiliki tegangan von Mises, deformasi, massa, dan factor keamanan berturut-turut sebesar 63,73 MPa; 2,173 mm; 1.508,53 kg; dan 3,25.

Optimization of Adhesively Bonded Spar-Wingskin Joints of Laminated FRP Composites Subjected to Pull-Off Load: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
S. Rakshe ◽  
S. V. Nimje ◽  
S. K. Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

A review on optimization of adhesively bonded spar-wingskin joint (SWJ) of laminated fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites subjected to pull-off load is presented in this article using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Von Mises stress components have been computed across the width of joint at different interfaces viz. load coupler-spar, and load coupler-wingskin interfaces. Further, the weight of SWJ structure is considered as the objective function which needs to be minimized for optimization. In the first step, the material and lamination scheme of the FRP composite materials used for SWJ are optimized, and, in the second step, the geometrical parameters have been optimized on the basis of minimum von Mises stress and weight. Further, the effects of the material, lamination scheme, and geometrical parameters on the von Mises stress and weight have been validated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach as prescribed by the Taguchi method. The results show that the material and spar thickness are the most significant factors influencing von Mises stress. The weight analysis reveals that there is a significant effect of change in material and wingskin thickness on SWJ performance. Suitable design recommendations have been made for SWJ in terms of material, lamination scheme and geometrical parameters.

Effects of Gun Tube Profile and Sabot on Stresses and Velocity of Long Rod Penetrator

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Type B ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Curved Tube ◽  
Rod System ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
Von Mises

The paper describes the combined influences of the forward sabot diameter, sabot modulus, and L/D on the stress of the projectile rod traveling in the gun tube. Three types of gun tube profile were simulated. The first profile is perfectly straight. The second profile is monotonously curved tube only by gravity loads (Type A). The third is a changeful curved tube by gravity loads with imagined as-manufactures (Type B). Three-dimensional dynamic finite element analysis method was used for the sabot/rod system transiting in a gun tube. Numerical simulation results showed that the maximum von Mises stress due to in-bore behavior of the sabot/rod system could be decreased by changing the forward sabot diameter in a type B tube. The effect of tube centerline profile on the stress of the rod was analyzed for the conditions mentioned above. The von Mises stress of the rod in the changeful curved tube is as much as 10% higher than that in the straight or monotonously curved tube.

scholarly journals The determination of static and dynamic yield stresses using a steel ball

1949 ◽  
Vol 197 (1050) ◽  
pp. 416-432 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Chrome Steel ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Static Yield Stress

The static and dynamical yield stress of the material of a thick steel plate may be estimated by pressing and by dropping a hard steel ball on a plane surface of the plate which has been ground and then polished. Under these conditions, the first appearance of an indentation on the polished surface can be detected with good accuracy, either by an optical interference method, or by an optical reflexion method. The statical experiment consists in finding the least force which must be applied to the steel ball to produce a permanent indentation, whilst the dynamical experiment consists in finding the least normal velocity of impact which gives similarly a permanent indentation. Using either the Guest-Mohr principal-stress difference or the von Mises shear strain energy hypotheses as criteria of failure, combined with an analysis of the stresses in the plate, it is shown how the appropriate yield stress can be calculated from the experimental data. Tests were made on a specimen of mild steel, two specimens of homogeneous armour plate and a very hard nickel-chrome steel of the type used for ball and roller bearings. The ratio of the dynamic value of the yield stress to the static value was found to increase as the hardness number decreases; the ratio was practically unity for the nickel-chrome steel, about 1⋅1 for the armour plate and about 2 for the mild steel. The values of the static yield stress found by the ball method and by an ordinary tensile or compression test are different; this is probably due partly to the inaccuracy of the criteria of plastic flow, partly to the difference in work-hardening in the two experiments, and partly to changes in the structure of the surface due to polishing. This discrepancy is without effect on the ratio of the dynamic to static yield stress as determined by the ball method, since the stress distributions in the static and dynamic ball experiments are identical.

scholarly journals Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rauba-Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Type B ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Natural Component

Abstract For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature. In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Andrady ◽  
K. K. Pandey ◽  
A. M. Heikkilä
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Solar Uv Radiation ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Materials Used

Solar UV radiation adversely affects the properties of organic materials used in construction, such as plastics and wood.

Study Concerning the Improvement of Biphasic Contact of the Coloumns with Structured Packing

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Andra Tamas ◽  
Nadia Pop ◽  
Zeno Gropsian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Structured Packing ◽  
Packing Element ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Packing Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Values

In this paper is being studied the behaviour of structured packing subjected to certain chemical, thermal or electrochemical treatments, in specified conditions (temperature and exposure time). The wettability of the materials used has a direct effect on the liquid layer, being influenced by the density, viscosity and surface tension of the liquid as well as the surface condition, which has allowed the comparison of the thickness experimental values with those determined analytically. The treatments applied had in view the possibility of improving or regenerating the packing efficiency as a result of the changes that occur on the contact surface. The characterization was done after each treatment. Also, it was established the number of equilibrium stages related to one packing element used in the separation process.

Effect of Reverse Yielding on the Residual Contact Pressure in Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Hakim Bouzid ◽  
Mehdi Kazeminia
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Deformation Theory ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Hardening Material ◽  
Expansion Pressure ◽  
Reverse Yielding ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Von Mises

The analytical prediction of the contact stress in tube-to-tubesheet joints subjected to hydraulic expansion is conducted without any consideration to reverse yielding that can occur inside the tube. Most existing models consider the tube and tubesheet to unload elastically when the expansion pressure is released. These models are therefore less conservative as they overestimate the contact pressure. An analytical model that considers strain-hardening material behavior of the tube and tubesheet and accounts for reverse yielding has been developed. The model is based on Henckey deformation theory and the Von Mises yield criteria. The paper shows that reverse yielding that is present in tubes during hydraulic expansion unloading makes the joint less rigid and causes a decrease in the contact pressure depending on the gap clearance and the materials used. A good correlation between the analytical and finite elements results is obtained on different treated cases which gives confidence on the developed model.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of welded and un-welded Mild Steel in Agitated Media of Distilled Water 0.5mol, 0.3mol of Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Materials Used

The research work was based on the comparative study of the corrosion bebaviour of the mild steel using agitated distilled water with 0.5 mol and 0.3 mol of Na2SO4 solution. The materials used for the research work are welded and un-welded mild steel. The mild steel materials were obtained at the Foundry shop of the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited. The mild steel materials were analyzed using the SPECTRO Analytical Instruments at the Foundry shop of the company. These experiments were performed using 0.5mol and 0.3mol of Na2SO4 in different agitated media of distilled water .The samples used for general corrosion studies were 10mm and 4mm mild steel thickness. These materials were cut into specimen sizes to 2cm by 2cm). Twenty -eight (28) specimens each were prepared for the 10mm and 4mm mild steel materials the samples were ground and polished on the emery papers which removed rust particles on the test materials. The specimens were exposed for days for over fifty –four (54) days, with an interval of 3days. It was observed that welded materials have higher corrosion rate than the un-welded materials when subjected to experimental conditions. The corrosion rates values were used to plot graphs against time of exposure.

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