scholarly journals Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rauba-Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Type B ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Natural Component

Abstract For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature. In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.

Characterization of clays from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) and evaluation for refractory brick manufacture

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
A. Pountouenchi ◽  
D. Njoya ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
D. Rabibisao ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Major Element Chemistry ◽  
End Products ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Steel Mould

ABSTRACTThree clayey materials named MY3, KK and KG originating from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) were analysed to determine their granulometry, plasticity, major-element chemistry and mineralogy. Dilatometric and ceramic behaviour were also investigated. Clays were shaped by uniaxial pressing in a steel mould. Shaped samples were heated at 1300, 1400 and 1500°C. The end products were characterized in terms of their density, porosity and compressive strength. Raw materials differ in terms of their mineralogical composition, grain-size distribution, Al2O3 content and the nature and abundance of impurities inducing specific thermal behaviour during dilatometric analysis and sintering tests. The final material properties may be related to the main features of the raw materials used.

scholarly journals Powder diffraction of yellow and red natural earths from Lessini Mountains in NE Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cavallo ◽  
Maria Pia Riccardi ◽  
Roberto Zorzin
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

A first attempt to differentiate goethite- and hematite-based natural materials, used for several purposes during the Late Palaeolithic in the Lessini Mountains (Italy), is here proposed. All raw materials were collected from known geological sites within a distance of about 20 km from archaeological excavations (Tagliente and Fumane caves) where ochre fragments were found. X-ray powder diffraction allowed the mineralogical composition of samples collected from carbonate and volcanic geological host and parent rocks to be inferred; in addition, a preliminary distinction based on the different mineral assemblages, on the presence of distinctive mineral phases and on the degree of crystallinity of some compounds such as hematite, became possible. The acquired data thus represent a sort of preliminary inventory for provenance studies on archaeological samples originating in the same region, for which ancillary micro-analytical and geochemical techniques are planned.

scholarly journals Ceramic raw materials from the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Part 1: chemical and mineralogical characterization and technological properties of clays from São Luis, Rosário, Pinheiro and Mirinzal

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rivas Mercury ◽  
Gricirene Sousa Correia ◽  
Nazaré Socorro Lemos Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Aluísio Alves Cabral Jr. ◽  
Rômulo Simões Angélica
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heavy Clay

This work involved the characterization of clays collected in the municipalities of São Luis, Rosário, Pinheiro and Mirinzal (state of Maranhão, Brazil), based on specific mass, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) and Atterberg limits. Technological tests for ceramic applications were also carried out on compacts pressed under 20 MPa and heat-treated at 850, 950, 1050, 1150 and 1250ºC. Our results indicated that two of the clays composed of kaolinite, quartz, and anatase with high plasticity limits, have excellent properties and can be used in the whiteware industry. The other ones are red-firing clays and have a mineralogical composition of quartz, kaolin, feldspar, montmorillonite, hematite and goethite. The latter showed low and moderate values of plasticity, which makes them suitable for the production of heavy clay products.

Chemical-Mineralogical and Microscopic Characterization of Clay Used as Raw Materials in Santa Gertrudes' Ceramic Pole

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Carolina del Roveri ◽  
R.A. Cunha ◽  
Antenor Zanardo ◽  
Letícia Hirata Godoy ◽  
Maria Margarita Torres Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Materials Used

The Santa Gertrudes ́ Ceramic Polo is the Brazilian region with national and international prominence in the manufacturing of ceramic tiles. Some raw materials used by ceramic industry and coatings industries in this region were characterized in terms of chemical-mineralogical and microscopic view, in order to promote the best technological characterization of them. For this, chemical analysis of major elements and trace X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis by SEM, TEM and Electron microprobe were performed by ICP-MS. The results showed that the raw materials commonly referred to as "clays" are actually constituted by various mineral phases, which directly influence the properties of the same ceramics. Also showed that, by virtue of this constitution, different formulations can be developed, using the best raw materials found in the region of Santa Gertrudes, SP.

scholarly journals Petrographic study of selected sculptural works of Jan Michałowicz from Urzędów

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ciosmak ◽  
Patrycja Rzęsa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Renaissance Art ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Times ◽  
Petrographic Study

Nowadays, in order to determine whether given rock properties make it useful for specifi c purposes, the material is examined using relevant test equipment. At the times of Jan Michałowicz, any knowledge in this respect was transmitted by the master to his apprentices, based on the master’s experience. The artist used domestic rock raw materials to sculpt monuments commemorating important persons who were his contemporaries. For the petrographic analysis, the authors selected the most distinguishable works of the artist, which he signed or which are most likely to have been sculpted by him. The authors analysed the materials used by the artist to carve specifi c elements of his works, as well as rock raw materials in terms of their historical and contemporary properties. Consequently, the petrographic study allowed to describe the rocks in greater detail, as well as their properties useful for sculpture purposes, and their durability. Artistic qualities helped determine the sources of stones used by Jan Michałowicz during his projects. These include the quarries near Pińczów (limestone), Kunów (sandstone), Bolechowice (marble), Żurawno (alabaster) and initially quarries in Hungary. The discussed works of Jan Michałowicz provide firm grounds for acknowledging the artist as the leading co-founder to Polish Renaissance art.

scholarly journals NEOLITHIC POTTERY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST THESSALY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF PETROGRAPHY AND MINERALOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Areti Pentedeka ◽  
Petros Koutsovitis ◽  
Andreas Magganas ◽  
Annie Rassios
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

The present paper focuses on the raw materials used for the local manufacture of pottery at two Neolithic settlements (Magoula Visviki, Magoula Agrokipiou) in the Velestino region, SE Thessaly, an area characterized by a distinctive ophiolithic sequence and its sedimentary weathering products. The mineralogical composition and rock fragment constituents of pottery fabrics are compared with that of rock and sediment samples from the adjacent area, thus locating the ancient raw material sources that were exploited.

scholarly journals Applications of Biochar and Modified Biochar in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: A Descriptive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14041
Author(s):  
Meina Liang ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Huijun He ◽  
Jingxi Li ◽  
Zongqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Given that the problem of contaminated soil continues to grow, the development of effective control and remediation measures has become imperative, especially for heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Biochar and modified biochar are eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation materials that are widely used in the remediation of contaminated soil. This review provides an overview of the different raw materials used in the preparation of biochar as well as the modification of biochar using various synthesis methods, highlighting their differences and providing recommendations for biochar and modified biochar as applied toward ameliorating pollution in soil contaminated by heavy metals. We also explore the effects of the physicochemical properties of raw materials, pyrolysis temperature, additives, and modification methods on the properties of the resulting biochar and modified biochar, and systematically present the types of soil and operating factors for repair. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by biochar and modified biochar are outlined in detail, and include adsorption, complexation, precipitation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attractions. Finally, the corresponding monitoring technologies after remediation are illustrated. Future directions for studies on biochar and modified biochar in the remediation of contaminated soil are also proposed to support the development of green environmental protection materials, simple preparation methods, and effective follow-up monitoring techniques.

scholarly journals The framing of the raw materials used for manufacturing some rough ceramic materials into polinary oxide systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Szöke
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Oxide Systems ◽  
Oxide Composition ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Experimental Researches

AbstractIn this paper it is presented the framing into polinary oxide systems in the case of optimal design of the oxide composition for obtaining raw ceramic materials. These calculations were carried out on two raw materials, which were the base of the experimental researches, for finding out the potential mineralogical composition. It was also followed, for the two raw materials, the framing options of the composition in oxide systems and the assessment of their belongings to possible subsystems.

A Preliminary Scientific Study of Traditional Korean Celadons and their Modern Developments

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Koh Choo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Chemical And Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACTIn studying celadons culture of Korea scientifically 81 sherds from nine different kiln sites of different periods are analyzed for their macroscopic, compositional and microstructural characteristics. The raw materials used for modern reproduction are analyzed for their chemical and mineralogical composition and compared with those of traditional pieces.

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Saline Soil Brick: Part I: Microstructure Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lie Qu ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Jiu Jun Yang ◽  
Shou Xi Chai ◽  
Su Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Quartz Surface ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Hydrothermal Reactions ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Materials Used

Effects of different components, autoclaving temperature and autoclaving time on the microstructure features and mechanisms of hydrothermal reactions of activated saline soil were investigated by using XRD, DAT and other microstructural analytical methods. Collected from Tianjin Binhai New District, the mainly raw materials used in this study are the saline soil ( 65%) supplemented with calcareous materials. The results demonstrate that with an increasing calcium to silicon ratio, the diffraction peaks of C2SH(A) and tobermorite fluctuate; the peaks increase initially, then dip down slightly before rising up again. With increasing autoclaving time, the order of generated hydration products is as following: C2SH(A) tobermorite gyrolite. Specifically, once autoclaving time reaches 3h, the changing trend of C2SH(A) to tobermorite becomes obvious, and the conversion from tobermorite to gyrolite can also be observed easily. The hydration products of autoclaved saline soil include mainly C2SH(A) and tobermorite, along with a small amount of CSH(B). Microscopic analysis observed by us reveals that a number of scattered, small and white tobermorite crystals are closely attached to quartz surface, which might play a key role in increasing the strength of the system.

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