scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ ОКСИДІВ АЗОТУ З ВІДПРАЦЬОВАНИМИ ГАЗАМИ СУДНОВИХ ДИЗЕЛІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Harmful Substances

Solving the problem of ocean's airspace polluting with harmful emissions of ship-generated diesel engines by exhaust gases is associated with the creation of highly effective technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx from the diesel plant that apply both to vessels in service, designed and built. The air entering the engine is a working fluid that carries out a certain thermodynamic cycle, resulting in a change in its chemical composition, and the exhaust gas mixture contains many components. Emissions of harmful substances during the combustion of marine fuels are limited in accordance with international programs for the protection of the atmosphere and requirements of the International Maritime Organization IMO. Requirements apply all groups of harmful emissions of marine engines. The most stringent of them concern nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from the exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world leaders in engine construction, such as MAN Energy Solutions and Wärtsilä, apply and offer a variety of techniques to reduce the number of harmful substances in the exhaust gases. One of the most promising is the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGRS) of the ship diesel engine. Its advantage over other methods is the insignificant impact on the operation of the engine. During the exhaust gas recycling a temperature of the flame in the combustion chamber decreases, which leads to the reduction of NOx number. This is a consequence of the high rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Since the combustion rate is reduced, the exhaust temperature and the thermal load on the engine part are increased. The dilution of the inflow air with waste gas reduces the oxygen content in the supercharged air from 21 to 13%. The possibilities of the technology of the system of recirculation of exhaust gases of a marine engine are limited by the value of the ratio of O2/CO2 in the intake air, due to which the amount of combustion products at the inlet is limited to no more than 30%

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

scholarly journals Ensuring Requirements for Emissions of Harmful Substances of Diesel Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
G. M. Kuharonak ◽  
D. V. Kapskiy ◽  
V. I. Berezun
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The purpose of this work is to consider the requirements for emissions of harmful substances of diesel engines by selecting design and adjustment parameters that determine the organization of the workflow, and the exhaust gas cleaning system, taking into account the reduction of fuel consumption. Design elements and geometric characteristics of structures for a turbocharged diesel engine of Д-245 series produced by JSC HMC Minsk Motor Plant (4ЧН11/12.5) with a capacity of 90 kW equipped with an electronically controlled battery fuel injection have been developed: exhaust gas recirculation along the high pressure circuit, shape and dimensions of the combustion chamber, the number and angular arrangement of the nozzle openings in a nozzle atomizer, and inlet channels of the cylinder head. Methods for organizing a workflow are proposed that take into account the shape of the indicator diagrams and affect the emissions of nitrogen oxides and dispersed particles differently. Their implementation allows us to determine the boundary ranges of changes in the control parameters of the fuel supply and exhaust gas recirculation systems when determining the area of minimizing the specific effective fuel consumption and the range of studies for the environmental performance of a diesel engine. The paper presents results of the study on the ways to meet  the requirements for emissions of harmful substances, obtained by considering options for the organization of working processes, taking into account the reduction in specific effective fuel consumption, changes in the average temperature of the exhaust gases and diesel equipment. To evaluate these methods, the following indicators have been identified: changes in specific fuel consumption and average temperature of the toxicity cycle relative to the base cycle, the necessary degree of conversion of the purification system for dispersed particles and NOx. Recommendations are given on choosing a diesel engine to meet Stage 4 emission standards for nitrogen oxides and dispersed particles.

WAYS OF DECLINE OF HARMFUL EXTRAS OF WORKING GASES OF CARS FOR INCREASE OF ECOFRIENDLYNESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-568
Author(s):  
Болотов ◽  
N. Bolotov ◽  
Красникова ◽  
D. Krasnikova ◽  
Евсеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances

The article describes the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases of vehicles and their impact on the environment and human health, as well as ways to prevent harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Experimental Verification of a Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle

Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Martin ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

A novel combined power-cooling thermodynamic cycle, for use with low-temperature, sensible heat sources, is under experimental investigation. In this power-cooling cycle, absorption condensation is used to regenerate the working fluid. This allows the expander exhaust temperature to drop significantly below the temperature at which absorption is taking place. This is an obvious departure from pure working fluid, Rankine cycle operation and is the source of cooling. Expander exhaust temperatures are controlled by the cycle parameters of expander exit pressure (absorption pressure), expander isentropic efficiency, and the vapor properties (temperature, pressure, and concentration) at expander inlet. Experiments have been performed that show the power-cooling concept to be valid by measuring the expander exit-absorber temperature difference and they highlight the direction for future work.

scholarly journals INCREASE OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX HEAT-RECOVERY SYSTEMS FOR BOILER PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fialko ◽  
R. A. Navrodskaya ◽  
G. A. Presich ◽  
G. A. Gnedash ◽  
S. I. Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Condensation Mode

It is revealed that the humidifying of blown air in complex heat recovery systems of gas-fired boiler plants provides the significant reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust-gases due to the suppression of their formation in the boiler furnace when moisture is introduced with this air.  Problems of environmental protection and energy-saving became priority in world practice. The main directions of deciding these pressing problems in municipal heat-power engineering is to improve the environmental indicators of heating boiler plants and increase the efficiency of using fuel in them through the use of technologies for deep recovery of the exhaust-gases heat. The relevance of scientific problems in these directions is increasing due to the steady increase in the fuel-energy costs and the strengthening of requirements to reducing environmental pollution. When using these technologies of deep heat-recovery of exhaust-gases, the condensation mode of the heat-recovery equipment is realized, when, apart from to the so-called clear heat of these gases, the latent heat of condensation of the water vapor contained in them is also used. The condensation mode implementation also improves the ecological indicators of the boiler due to the reduction of fuel consumption and the dissolution in the resulting condensate of a part of harmful emissions formed during its combustion. The use of modern heat-recovery technologies for the gasfired boiler plants with complex use of recovered heat for the preheating of boiler water, water of the chemical waterpurification system and blowing air makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption in the boiler and, accordingly, its harmful emissions by 8...12 %. Humidification of the blowing air through the use of the recovery heat also provides a reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions to 60 % by suppressing their formation in the boiler combustion chamber.

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATION OF PARAMETERS FOR REDUCING THE TOXICITY OF EXHAUST GASES OF THE DIESEL ENGINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Yuriy Paladiychuk ◽  
Inna Telyatnuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances

Annual emissions of more than 6 million tons of pollutants and carbon dioxide into Ukraine. Mostly polluting industrial enterprises. However, with the increase in the number of cars on the roads, the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere has increased. Over the past few years, the amount of exhaust gas entering the air in major cities has increased by 50-70%. More than half of the pollutants are emitted by private cars: in 2019, 1.7 million tonnes of harmful substances fell on them, while the total amount of all car emissions was 2.3 million tonnes. This article highlights the problem of environmental pollution by the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines. Ways to improve environmental performance are presented. The composition of the exhaust gases and their effects on the environment are analyzed. The standards of Euro - 1 Euro - 6, on the reduction of harmful substances in diesel fuel are considered. The modern environmental standards of Stage and Tier and the regulation of smoke by standards are given. A formula for the determination of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of cars and a formula for the determination of the smoke of gases are proposed. The ways of neutralizing the toxicity of the exhaust gases with the help of neutralizers and the reduction of soot by means of the diesel particulate filter are considered. Common Rail DRNR systems, EGR and Selective Neutralization (SCR) systems using Adblu reagent, its advantages and disadvantages are described. The comparative characteristics of EGR and SCR systems are presented. Gasoline engines are not considered in this article.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF BAKERY ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krusir ◽  
I. Kondratenko ◽  
A. Garkoviсh ◽  
T. Shpyrko ◽  
L. Lobotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Similar Range

The paper considers how to decrease the concentration of nitrogen oxides in gas emissions of bakery enterprises. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed in the course of burning natural gas  are responsible for more than 90% of an enterprise’s hazard category. So, it has been determined how much NOx is contained in exhaust gases emitted at different loadings on the floor of the oven at an enterprise,  this parameter being the main characteristic of the effectiveness  of ovens and their impact on the environment. The paper presents the results of experiments that have allowed determining the regression equations describing how the NOx quantity per unit of output in an enterprise’s exhaust gases depends on the amount of the fuel consumed and on the loading on the floor of baking ovens. The procedure of the experiments has been described, and the numerical results have been presented and analysed. It has been established that when making a loaf of wheat-flour oven-bottom bread weighing 0.9 kg,  with 70% loading on the floor of an oven (PPC1381), the nitrogen oxides concentration in combustion products is 212.00 μg/m3, and the specific NOx  formation is 292.25 μg/kg. The nitrogen oxides concentration is 152.00 μg/m3, and the specific formation is 306.00 μg/kg when the oven floor loading is 40%. If a similar range of products is baked in ovens Minel100 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the production is accompanied by specific nitrogen oxide emissions of 239.50  μg/kg  and 247.80 μg/kg respectively. When enriched buns of 0.1 kg are baked in ovens BN50 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the process   is   accompanied   by   specific   nitrogen   oxide   emissions of 209.20 μg/kg and 265.96 μg/kg respectively. The nitrogen oxides content in gases withdrawn from bakery ovens has been instrumentally measured. This has allowed obtaining regression equations of dependence of the specific NOx weight in gas emissions on the amount of fuel consumed and on the oven floor  loading. It  has been found that in the ovens considered, the nitrogen oxide formation per output unit decreased when the oven floor loading increased, because less fuel is needed to make up for the loss of heat accompanying the emission of fumes. The contributions of the argument parameters have been determined according to the regression model to estimate the quantitative dependence. The amount of nitrogen oxides depends on the oven floor loading. A mathematical model has been developed describing how nitrogen oxide formation depends on the oven floor loading and fuel consumption. The model can be used to introduce an industry standard of quantification of nitrogen oxides formed when manufacturing a unit of output.

Improving the Environmental Safety of Transport Engines Using Modified Engine Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S.A. Petukhov ◽  
L.S. Kurmanova ◽  
M.P. Erzamaev ◽  
D.S. Sazonov ◽  
D.S. Chinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problems of reducing emissions of harmful substances by transport engines are considered. It has been established that the use of modified engine oil is an effective way to increase the environmental safety of transport engines. The effectiveness of additives to improve the backsize of motor oil and reduce harmful emissions in the exhaust gas was evaluated. Methods for feeding additives are proposed. Technical solutions for the use of additives for transport engines have been developed. Experimental studies are presented to assess the effect of modified engine oil on the environmental safety of an engine.

scholarly journals Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in boilers at moistening of blowing air in heat recovery systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Navrodska ◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Georgii Presich ◽  
Georgii Gnedash ◽  
Sergii Alioshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Water Purification System ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Useful Heat

Considered indicators of reducing harmful emissions into the environment by gas-fired water-heating and steam boilers of the municipal heat-power engineering, which are equipped with heat-recovery systems of boiler exhaust-gases. The results of studies on the relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides and other harmful substances generated during fuel combustion in boilers when used for boilers complex heat-recovery plants for heating heat-network water and water for a chemical water-purification system of a boiler plant, as well as for heating and humidifying combustion air are presented. It is shown that the use of such complex heat-recovery systems, due to the useful heat of exhaust-gases from boilers, provides a reduction in fuel consumption and, consequently, the volumes of harmful emissions generated during its combustion, by 8–12%, depending on the mode of operation of boilers during the heating period. The efficiency of using combustion-air humidifying in these installations to decrease the level of formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion area of boilers is considered. It is also shown that the use of these systems provides a decrease emissions of nitrogen oxides to the environment by up to 60% by reducing the combustion temperature in the combustion area at moisture introduction with the combustion air and, as a result, suppression of formation these oxides during fuel combustion in boilers. The substantiation of the accuracy of the obtained calculated values of the levels of relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides with the moisture introduction into the boiler by comparing them with experimental data is given. Comparative of the results shows a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of heat recovery systems of boiler plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Raisa Navrodska ◽  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Georgii Gnedash ◽  
Sergii Alioshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Condensate Formation ◽  
Additional Water

The results of studies on improving the environmental characteristics of boiler plants of municipal heat-power engineering in the application of technologies for the deep recovery of heat from exhaust-gases of gas-fired boilers are presented. The data on the reduction of environment by reducing the amount and temperature of harmful emissions resulting from fuel combustion are given. The data are given for boiler plants equipped with complex heat-recovery systems characterized by cooling the exhaust-gases below the dew point of the water vapor contained in them. It is shown that the decrease in emissions is due to a decrease in fuel consumption in boilers due to the beneficial use of the heat of exhaust-gases in these systems and the dissolution of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the condensate, formed in the heat-recovery equipments. The analysis of improving the environmental safety of boiler plants when used in heat-recovery technologies of corrosion protection systems for chimneys has been performed. Anticorrosion protection is provided by preventing condensate formation in the exhaust-gas ducts of boiler plants when using technologies for the deep recovery of exhaust-gas heat. To prevent condensate formation, the method of pre-drying cooled exhaust-gases in a heat exchanger-preheater installed after heat-recovery equipment is used. It is also shown that the use of complex heat-recovery systems provides in the boiler plant additional water in the form of condensate formed during condensation of moisture from exhaust-gases. Receipt of this condensate is another ecological effect of heat-recovery, which allows reducing the consumption of natural water resources for supply municipal heat networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document