scholarly journals INCREASE OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX HEAT-RECOVERY SYSTEMS FOR BOILER PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fialko ◽  
R. A. Navrodskaya ◽  
G. A. Presich ◽  
G. A. Gnedash ◽  
S. I. Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Condensation Mode

It is revealed that the humidifying of blown air in complex heat recovery systems of gas-fired boiler plants provides the significant reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust-gases due to the suppression of their formation in the boiler furnace when moisture is introduced with this air.  Problems of environmental protection and energy-saving became priority in world practice. The main directions of deciding these pressing problems in municipal heat-power engineering is to improve the environmental indicators of heating boiler plants and increase the efficiency of using fuel in them through the use of technologies for deep recovery of the exhaust-gases heat. The relevance of scientific problems in these directions is increasing due to the steady increase in the fuel-energy costs and the strengthening of requirements to reducing environmental pollution. When using these technologies of deep heat-recovery of exhaust-gases, the condensation mode of the heat-recovery equipment is realized, when, apart from to the so-called clear heat of these gases, the latent heat of condensation of the water vapor contained in them is also used. The condensation mode implementation also improves the ecological indicators of the boiler due to the reduction of fuel consumption and the dissolution in the resulting condensate of a part of harmful emissions formed during its combustion. The use of modern heat-recovery technologies for the gasfired boiler plants with complex use of recovered heat for the preheating of boiler water, water of the chemical waterpurification system and blowing air makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption in the boiler and, accordingly, its harmful emissions by 8...12 %. Humidification of the blowing air through the use of the recovery heat also provides a reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions to 60 % by suppressing their formation in the boiler combustion chamber.

scholarly journals Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in boilers at moistening of blowing air in heat recovery systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Navrodska ◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Georgii Presich ◽  
Georgii Gnedash ◽  
Sergii Alioshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Water Purification System ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Steam Boilers ◽  
Useful Heat

Considered indicators of reducing harmful emissions into the environment by gas-fired water-heating and steam boilers of the municipal heat-power engineering, which are equipped with heat-recovery systems of boiler exhaust-gases. The results of studies on the relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides and other harmful substances generated during fuel combustion in boilers when used for boilers complex heat-recovery plants for heating heat-network water and water for a chemical water-purification system of a boiler plant, as well as for heating and humidifying combustion air are presented. It is shown that the use of such complex heat-recovery systems, due to the useful heat of exhaust-gases from boilers, provides a reduction in fuel consumption and, consequently, the volumes of harmful emissions generated during its combustion, by 8–12%, depending on the mode of operation of boilers during the heating period. The efficiency of using combustion-air humidifying in these installations to decrease the level of formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion area of boilers is considered. It is also shown that the use of these systems provides a decrease emissions of nitrogen oxides to the environment by up to 60% by reducing the combustion temperature in the combustion area at moisture introduction with the combustion air and, as a result, suppression of formation these oxides during fuel combustion in boilers. The substantiation of the accuracy of the obtained calculated values of the levels of relative decrease of emissions of nitrogen oxides with the moisture introduction into the boiler by comparing them with experimental data is given. Comparative of the results shows a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ ОКСИДІВ АЗОТУ З ВІДПРАЦЬОВАНИМИ ГАЗАМИ СУДНОВИХ ДИЗЕЛІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Harmful Substances

Solving the problem of ocean's airspace polluting with harmful emissions of ship-generated diesel engines by exhaust gases is associated with the creation of highly effective technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx from the diesel plant that apply both to vessels in service, designed and built. The air entering the engine is a working fluid that carries out a certain thermodynamic cycle, resulting in a change in its chemical composition, and the exhaust gas mixture contains many components. Emissions of harmful substances during the combustion of marine fuels are limited in accordance with international programs for the protection of the atmosphere and requirements of the International Maritime Organization IMO. Requirements apply all groups of harmful emissions of marine engines. The most stringent of them concern nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from the exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world leaders in engine construction, such as MAN Energy Solutions and Wärtsilä, apply and offer a variety of techniques to reduce the number of harmful substances in the exhaust gases. One of the most promising is the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGRS) of the ship diesel engine. Its advantage over other methods is the insignificant impact on the operation of the engine. During the exhaust gas recycling a temperature of the flame in the combustion chamber decreases, which leads to the reduction of NOx number. This is a consequence of the high rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Since the combustion rate is reduced, the exhaust temperature and the thermal load on the engine part are increased. The dilution of the inflow air with waste gas reduces the oxygen content in the supercharged air from 21 to 13%. The possibilities of the technology of the system of recirculation of exhaust gases of a marine engine are limited by the value of the ratio of O2/CO2 in the intake air, due to which the amount of combustion products at the inlet is limited to no more than 30%

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of heat recovery systems of boiler plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Raisa Navrodska ◽  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Georgii Gnedash ◽  
Sergii Alioshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Condensate Formation ◽  
Additional Water

The results of studies on improving the environmental characteristics of boiler plants of municipal heat-power engineering in the application of technologies for the deep recovery of heat from exhaust-gases of gas-fired boilers are presented. The data on the reduction of environment by reducing the amount and temperature of harmful emissions resulting from fuel combustion are given. The data are given for boiler plants equipped with complex heat-recovery systems characterized by cooling the exhaust-gases below the dew point of the water vapor contained in them. It is shown that the decrease in emissions is due to a decrease in fuel consumption in boilers due to the beneficial use of the heat of exhaust-gases in these systems and the dissolution of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the condensate, formed in the heat-recovery equipments. The analysis of improving the environmental safety of boiler plants when used in heat-recovery technologies of corrosion protection systems for chimneys has been performed. Anticorrosion protection is provided by preventing condensate formation in the exhaust-gas ducts of boiler plants when using technologies for the deep recovery of exhaust-gas heat. To prevent condensate formation, the method of pre-drying cooled exhaust-gases in a heat exchanger-preheater installed after heat-recovery equipment is used. It is also shown that the use of complex heat-recovery systems provides in the boiler plant additional water in the form of condensate formed during condensation of moisture from exhaust-gases. Receipt of this condensate is another ecological effect of heat-recovery, which allows reducing the consumption of natural water resources for supply municipal heat networks.

scholarly journals A study of hydrogen fuel impact on compression ignition engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni Dimitrov ◽  
Boyko Gigov ◽  
Spas Pantchev ◽  
Philip Michaylov ◽  
Mihail Peychev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a dual-fuel compression ignition engine test bench is presented. In hydrogen-diesel fuel co-combustion conditions, the engine parameters are determined – performance: effective torque, effective power and mean effective pressure; fuel economy: fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption; toxicity: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and smoke emissions (opacity). The impact of hydrogen-diesel fuel mass ratio on the performance, toxicity and economy of the engine is studied by obtaining a series of hydrogen-diesel fuel ratio variation characteristics at constant engine speed and load. Improvement of the economical parameters of the engine and reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in exhaust gases is detected under operation with hydrogen gas fuel. Significant reduction of the exhaust gases opacity is observed. It is not clear what the impact of the quantity of hydrogen, injected in the engine, on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases is.

scholarly journals Investigation of the working process of a diesel engine when operating on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsion

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
С.П. Андрющенко ◽  
С.В. Титов ◽  
Г.С. Юр
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cycle Temperature

Оксиды азота являются наиболее опасными химическими соединениями, находящимися в составе отработавших газов судовых дизелей. Уменьшение содержания оксидов азота является весьма сложной задачей, так как это связано с ограничениями максимальной температуры цикла, термического КПД и, следовательно, с ограничениями по топливной экономичности. Одним из эффективных способов уменьшения концентрации оксидов азота является применение водотопливных эмульсий. Недостатком применения эмульсии является увеличение удельного расхода топлива. Целью работы является исследование возможности одновременного снижения уровня вредных выбросов и расхода топлива при работе дизеля на ВТЭ. В статье приведены описание экспериментальной установки и результаты экспериментальных исследований дизеля Ч10,5/12 на безводном топливе, грубой и микрогетерогенной водотопливных эмульсий с содержанием воды 15% при работе по винтовой характеристике. С использование полученных в ходе испытаний дизеля индикаторных диаграмм выполнен сравнительный анализ рабочего процесса на различных топливах. Полученные результаты выполненных исследований подтвердили эффективность использования микрогетерогенной эмульсии, в сравнении с грубой эмульсией для снижения выбросов оксидов азота с отработавшими газами в судовых дизельных энергетических установках и уменьшения удельного расхода топлива. Nitrogen oxides are the most dangerous chemical compounds which come out with the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. Reducing nitrogen oxides is challenging due to limitations on maximum cycle temperature, thermal efficiency, and hence fuel economy limitations. One of the effective ways to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides is the use of water-fuel emulsions. The disadvantage of using an emulsion is the significant fuel consumption increase. This article describes the experimental setup and the results of experimental studies of a Ч10.5/12 diesel engine on anhydrous fuel, coarse and micro-heterogeneous water-fuel emulsions with a water content of 15% when operating in service. Performance diagrams obtained during the diesel engine tests let the authors get a comparative analysis of the working process using various fuels. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using a micro-heterogeneous emulsion, in comparison with a coarse emulsion, to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases in marine propulsion systems and to reduce fuel consumption.

IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CHIMNEYS OF BOILER PLANTS WITH HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
◽  
Victor Prokopov ◽  
Raisa Navrodskaia ◽  
Svetlana Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Boiler Room

The researches results of thermotechnical and environmental parameters of emissions from chimneys of gas-fired boiler plants equipped with systems for deep heat recovery of exhaust gas are presented. The issues of the expediency of using heat methods for preventing condensation formation in chimneys to improve their environmental friendliness are considered. These are methods of partial bypassing of boiler exhaust gases past the heat recovery equipment, predrying the exhaust gases cooled after heat recovery in heat exchangers-gas heaters and mixing dry and heated air from the boiler room air heater to these gases. The efficiency of using these methods in order to improve the environmental performance of chimneys is analyzed. A relative decrease in the maximum surface concentration of such harmful emissions as nitrogen and carbon oxides due to the use of these heat methods has been determined. Comparison of the effectiveness of the application of these methods to improve the environmental friendliness of the considered chimneys is carried out. It is shown that the proposed methods used for anticorrosion protection of chimneys of boiler plants when using heat recovery technologies with deep cooling of flue gases contribute to an increase in the environmental friendliness of these chimneys.

ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF ANTIFRICTION ADDITIVE ON ECONOMIC, POWER AND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
ALEKSEI B. LAGUZIN1 ◽  
◽  
SERGEI M. GAIDAR ◽  
ALEKSANDR V. PYDRIN ◽  
ABDULZAHRA FARHOOD NAJI NAJM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Antifriction Additive ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Substances

To determine eff ectiveness and feasibility of using an antifriction additive, the authors carried out comparative bench tests of an internal combustion engine VAZ-11194 No. 000094 of environmental class 5, with and without using an antifriction additive to Lukoil Genesis 5W-30 oil. The studies were carried out in accordance with GOST 14846 “Automotive Engines, Bench Test Methods”, UN Regulation No. 49 (emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases) and UN Regulation No.85 (performance indicators). During the tests, harmful substances with exhaust gases (CO, CH, NOx) emissions,engine power indicators and fuel consumption were evaluated. The tests were carried out according to presented method after 5, 50 and 100 hours of engine operation. The test results recorded an increase in power by 4.1%, in engine torque by 3.5…4.0% with a decrease in specifi c fuel consumption by 6…7% after 100 hours of engine operation with the use of an antifriction additive in engine oil. During the test period, harmful substances concentration in engine exhaust gases decreased: CO to 21.6%, CH to 18.3%, and NOx to 27.6%. A conclusion has been formulated on the eff ectiveness of using antifriction additives in terms of improving environmental, economic and power indicators of an internal combustion engine

scholarly journals Operation of marine diesel on biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Сергій Вікторович Сагін ◽  
Володимир Васильович Мадей ◽  
Арсеній Сергійович Сагін
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Diesel

Annotation – The influence of biodiesel fuel on the economic and ecological performance of the marine diesel engine is considered. The reasons limiting use of alternative fuels (including fuels based on biological origin) on vessels are indicated. The results are performed on a specialized vessel with a deadweight of 10,820 tons, which carried out short-term (within 4 ... 6 days) transitions between ports, were it was possible to replenish alternative fuel stocks. Studies performed on 5DC-17A Tier II Daihatsu Diesel marine diesels in the range of their operational loads 55 ... 85 %, from a fuel mixture consisting of 80 ... 95% of DMB diesel fuel and 5 ... 20% of B99.9 FAME biofuel, next conclusion have been done: in all range of loads and for all content of biofuels in the fuel mixture there is an increase in the specific efficient fuel consumption; on the operating modes in range 55 ... 65% of nominal loading and 5 ... 10 % of the maintenance of biofuel in mix this increase makes 1.92 ... 2.96 %, on the modes 75 ... 85 % of loading and at use mixtures with a content of 15 ... 20 % biofuels increase in fuel consumption reaches 4.04 ... 6.67 %; most of all, the efficiency of the diesel engine detected during its operation at loads of 55 ... 65 % and 15 ... 20 % of the biofuel content in the mixture, in this conditions, the increase in specific fuel efficiency reaches 7.39 ... 8.17 %; during the operation of the diesel engine in the load range of 55 ... 85 %, the emission of nitrogen oxides is observed, with best efficacies (up to 23.8 ... 24.3 %) corresponding to 10 ... 15 % of the biofuel content in mixtures; with an increase in the content of biofuels in the mixture up to 20 % reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides is in the range of 10.1 ... 15.2 %; the use of biofuels helps to reduce the volume concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases; the greatest efficiency is corresponding at load 75 ... 85 % and use of the fuel mix containing 20 % of biofuel, under such conditions decrease in concentration of carbon monoxide reaches 25.4%; which further enhances the energy efficiency of ships. The optimal composition of the fuel mixture containing biofuel has been proposed, taking into account its environmental (before the emission of nitrogen oxides and the volume concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases), as well as economic performance of marine diesel.

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