scholarly journals An experimental investigation of drunk personality using self and observer reports

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Winograd
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Alcohol Condition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Research has shown that drinkers' "typical drunk personalities" are different from their "typical sober personalities"on each factor of the Five-Factor Model (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness). The aim of the current study was to test if these changes can reliably be observed by trained raters during a drinking episode. Participants (N = 156) attended laboratory sessions in same-sex friend groups of 3 to 4 people (43 groups). Half of the groups were administered alcohol (target BAC = .09). Participants engaged in activities designed to elicit a range of personality expression. All sessions were recorded and multiple trained raters (M = 6.96) completed three personality measures based on the footage. Additionally, participants completed self- reports of their “typical” sober and drunk personalities two weeks prior to their sessions, as well as two short personality measures during the session. Results indicate consistent differences in personality among sober and drunk participants across measures, but the nature of the differences varied by reporter (self vs. observer). Specifically, across three scales, observers rated participants in the Alcohol condition higher in Extraversion, but similarly in most other factors (on one measure, Neuroticism was lower in the Alcohol condition). Among the two self-report measures, four and five of the factors demonstrated reliable differences, with Conscientiousness, Intellect, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness (on the pre-session retrospective measure only) reportedly decreasing with intoxication, and Extraversion increasing. These findings demonstrate that self-perceptions of sober-to- drunk personality differences are more pervasive than observer-perceptions, but that alcohol-induced changes in Extraversion are robust enough to be detected across measures and reporters.

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of drunk personality using self and observer reports

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Winograd
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Alcohol Condition ◽  
Induced Changes

Research has shown that drinkers’ “typical drunk personalities” are different from their “typical sober personalities” on each factor of the Five-Factor Model (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness). The aim of the current study was to test if these changes can reliably be observed by trained raters during a drinking episode. Participants (N = 156) attended laboratory sessions in same-sex friend groups of 3 to 4 people (43 groups). Half of the groups were administered alcohol (target BAC = .09). Participants engaged in activities designed to elicit a range of personality expression. All sessions were recorded and multiple trained raters (M = 6.96) completed three personality measures based on the footage. Additionally, participants completed selfreports of their “typical” sober and drunk personalities two weeks prior to their sessions, as well as two short personality measures during the session. Results indicate consistent differences in personality among sober and drunk participants across measures, but the nature of the differences varied by reporter (self vs. observer). Specifically, across three scales, observers rated participants in the Alcohol condition higher in Extraversion, but similarly in most other factors (on one measure, Neuroticism was lower in the Alcohol condition). Among the two self-report measures, four and five of the factors demonstrated reliable differences, with Conscientiousness, Intellect, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness (on the pre-session retrospective measure only) reportedly decreasing with intoxication, and Extraversion increasing. These findings demonstrate that self-perceptions of sober-to drunk personality differences are more pervasive than observer-perceptions, but that alcohol-induced changes in Extraversion are robust enough to be detected across measures and reporters.

scholarly journals Examining Psychedelic-Induced Changes in Social Functioning and Connectedness in a Naturalistic Online Sample Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Victoria Nygart ◽  
Lis Marie Pommerencke ◽  
Robin L. Carhart-Harris ◽  
David Erritzoe
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Induced Changes

The present study examines prospective changes in personality traits relevant to social functioning as well as perceived social connectedness in relation to the naturalistic use of psychedelic compounds in an online volunteer sample. The study also examined the degree to which demographic characteristics, social setting, baseline personality, and acute subjective factors (e.g., emotional breakthrough experiences) influenced trajectories of personality and perceived social connectedness. Participants recruited online completed self-report measures of personality and social connectedness at three timepoints (baseline, 2weeks post-experience, 4weeks post-experience). Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in outcomes and the moderation of these outcomes by covariates. The most substantive changes were reductions in the personality domains Neuroticism, and increases in Agreeableness and social connectedness. Notably, reductions in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness covaried over time, which may be suggestive of common processes involving emotion regulation. Preliminary evidence was found for a specific effect on a component of Agreeableness involving a critical and quarrelsome interpersonal style. Although moderation by demographic characteristics, social setting, baseline personality, and acute factors generally found limited support, baseline standing on Neuroticism, perspective taking, and social connectedness showed tentative signs of amplifying adaptive effects on each trait, respectively. Our findings hold implications for the potential use of psychedelics for treating interpersonal elements of personality pathology as well as loneliness.

scholarly journals Empirical Investigation of Five-Factor Model of Personality

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Fahrudin JS Pareke ◽  
Rina Suthia Hayu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Basic Dimension ◽  
The University

<p>The concept of Five-Factor Model (FFM) of Personality describes the basic dimension of human behavior, thinking, and emotions that related to the job. The FFM currently getting popular and reach more attention to from the scholars and practitioners as well, particularly in the area of human resource management. Therefore, the main goal of current research is to compile and to test the dimensions of FFM and its measure empirically. Eighty-four self report measures distributed to the 238 employees who work both for public and private organizations at the Northern Sumatera Island, Indonesia. The respondents are currently completing their graduate programs at the University of Bengkulu. Two-hundred-and-eighteen questionnaires completed and returned by respondents, and analyzed using Factor Analysis with Varimax Approach to extract them in to the several components. Based on the analyses, research confirmed the 5 dimensions for FFM, which is conscientiousness (18 items), extraversion-introversion (18 items), agreeableness (12 items), openness to experience (14 items), and emotional stability (12 items). The result strictly recommended that the use of FFP as a means of Human Resource Practices such as selection, promotion, training, and the like.</p><p><br />Keywords: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness to Experiences, Personality</p>

The Factor Structure of the Portuguese Version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S259-S259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pires ◽  
A. Sousa Ferreira ◽  
B. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe DSM-5 Section III proposes a dimensional-categorical model of conceptualizing personality and its disorders, which includes assessment of impairments in personality functioning (criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (criterion B). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a self-report, composed of 220 items, organized into 25 facets nested in five domains of personality differences, and was developed to operationalize criterion B.ObjectivesThis study explores the factor structure of the Portuguese adaptation of the PID-5.AimsThe five-factor structure that has emerged in previous studies with the PID-5 (cf. Krueger & Markon) is expected to be replicated in the current study.MethodsExploratory factor analyses with varimax oblique rotation were conducted on a sample of Portuguese adults from the general population (n = 379, Mage = 31.49, SD = 14.16, 25.3% males, 74.7% females).ResultsA six factor structure was retained in which the first 5 factors resemble the PID-5 domains. The model showed good fit indices (KMO = 0.897). The total explained variance was 68.25%. All the facets but four had primary loadings on the expected factor.ConclusionsThe similarity of results across studies and nationalities contributes to the validation of the Portuguese translation of the PID-5 and highlights the structural resemblance among the DSM-5 model and the five factor model (FFM) and the personality psychopathology-five model (PSY-5), drawing attention to the relevance of these models for the diagnosis of Personality Disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective on the Rorschach

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stability And Convergence ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Observer Ratings

Many of the constructs the Rorschach is used to assess are related to personality traits included in the Five-Factor Model, but studies to date have not shown convergence between Rorschach and self-report measures of these traits. This poses a problem for the Rorschach, because recent research on the universality, stability, heritability, and consensual validity of traits demonstrate that self-report measures cannot be dismissed. In an effort to understand these issues, we examine the Rorschach from the perspective of Five-Factor Theory (FFT), a systems model of the person. FFT is compatible with the projective hypothesis, but would generally lead to the expectation that Rorschach signs and self-reports should be correlated. Where they are not, the validity of Rorschach measures of personality traits would need to be confirmed by demonstrations of their heritability, stability, and convergence with observer ratings. The Rorschach may be more useful when interpreted in the context of a global psychodynamic assessment. Clinicians who use the Rorschach should gather the data necessary to test its validity as a measure of personality traits and related constructs, and clinicians and researchers should consider the possible use of Rorschach responses in assessing dynamic processes.

scholarly journals Empirical Investigation of Five-Factor Model of Personality

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Fahrudin JS Pareke ◽  
Rina Suthia Hayu
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Basic Dimension ◽  
The University

<p>The concept of Five-Factor Model (FFM) of Personality describes the basic dimension of human behavior, thinking, and emotions that related to the job. The FFM currently getting popular and reach more attention to from the scholars and practitioners as well, particularly in the area of human resource management. Therefore, the main goal of current research is to compile and to test the dimensions of FFM and its measure empirically. Eighty-four self report measures distributed to the 238 employees who work both for public and private organizations at the Northern Sumatera Island, Indonesia. The respondents are currently completing their graduate programs at the University of Bengkulu. Two-hundred-and-eighteen questionnaires completed and returned by respondents, and analyzed using Factor Analysis with Varimax Approach to extract them in to the several components. Based on the analyses, research confirmed the 5 dimensions for FFM, which is conscientiousness (18 items), extraversion-introversion (18 items), agreeableness (12 items), openness to experience (14 items), and emotional stability (12 items). The result strictly recommended that the use of FFP as a means of Human Resource Practices such as selection, promotion, training, and the like.</p><p><br />Keywords: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness to Experiences, Personality</p>

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Drunk Personality Using Self and Observer Reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel P. Winograd ◽  
Douglas Steinley ◽  
Sean P. Lane ◽  
Kenneth J. Sher
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Induced Changes

Across various cultures there are robust stereotypes regarding how alcohol intoxication alters individuals’ normative personalities. However, whether these stereotypes are rooted in genuine average effects or in salient, socially proliferated exemplars remains unclear. The current study tested if differences between sober and intoxicated personality expression can be observed reliably by trained raters during a drinking episode. Participants ( N = 156), half of whom received alcohol, attended laboratory sessions in same-gender friend groups and engaged in activities designed to elicit a range of personality expression. Participants completed self-reports of their “typical” sober and drunk personalities 2 weeks prior to their sessions and via two short measures during the session. In addition, participants were recorded and rated by multiple (range = 5–17) trained raters using three personality measures. Self-perceptions of sober-to-drunk personality differences were more pervasive than observer-perceptions, but alcohol-induced changes in Extraversion, specifically, were robust across measures and reporters.

Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Newman ◽  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
James W. Varni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Related Quality

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations Between Dimensional Personality Profiles and Self-Destructive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kolbeck ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Julia Bierbrodt ◽  
Christina Andreou
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

Ongoing research is shifting towards a dimensional understanding of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Aim of this study was to identify personality profiles in BPD that are predictive of self-destructive behaviors. Personality traits were assessed (n = 130) according to the five-factor model of personality (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and an additional factor called Risk Preference. Self-destructive behavior parameters such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and other borderline typical dyscontrolled behaviors (e.g., drug abuse) were assessed by self-report measures. Canonical correlation analyses demonstrated that Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness are predictors of NSSI. Further, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Risk Preference were associated with dyscontrolled behaviors. Our results add further support on personality-relevant self-destructive behaviors in BPD. A combined diagnostic assessment could offer clinically meaningful insights about the causes of self-destruction in BPD to expand current therapeutic repertoires.

scholarly journals Do self-reports and informant-ratings measure the same personality constructs?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Anu Realo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Reports

Personality researchers often supplement or substitute self-reports with ratings from knowledgeable informants, at least implicitly assuming that the same constructs are measured regardless of the source of ratings. However, measurement invariance (MI) of personality constructs across these rating types has rarely been empirically tested. Here, this was done for the Five-Factor Model domains and their 30 facets (N = 3,253). Four domains and 26 facets showed the level of invariance (metric MI) required for comparing the relative standings of individuals across self-reports and informant-ratings, which is what researchers mostly do. However, 28 of the 35 scales failed to achieve the level of invariance (scalar MI) recommended when comparing mean scores. Self-informant pairs who contributed to higher MI also tended to display higher cross-rater agreement. In conclusion, self-reports and informant-ratings appear to measure reasonably similar constructs for most research purposes, but poor MI may contribute to imperfect cross-rater agreement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document