scholarly journals Foreign exchange and foreign banking of America as it is related to American business

1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Virginia James
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
American Business ◽  
Present System ◽  
Exchange Field ◽  
Foreign Banking

"The purpose of this thesis is to investigate our present system of foreign banking and exchange and to discuss its relations to American business. I propose in Chapter I to outline the situation that confronted us at the beginning of 1914, including banking provisions that aided or hindered us in our foreign exchange, and instruments of exchange that were used. In Chapter II I will take up the provisions of the Federal Reserve Act that relate to foreign trade and discuss their potency for giving us greater facilities and privileges and therefore greater opportunity in the foreign exchange field. In my third chapter I will deal with the effects of the present war on the exchange situation and will use our present relations with South America to illustrate the effects. The conclusion will be a summation of the present situation and a discussion of the possibilities for using the factors in hand to the advantage of American business in the future."

scholarly journals The Federal Reserve as an Informed Foreign-Exchange Trader: 1973-1995

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bordo ◽  
Owen Humpage ◽  
Anna J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Federal Reserve

Was the Bank Holiday of 1933 Caused by a Run on the Dollar?

1987 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie A. Wigmore
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Domestic Currency ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Specific Timing

International, rather than domestic, causes of both the Bank Holiday of 1933 and the calm in the banking system that followed are emphasized here. New information on gold losses by the New York Federal Reserve, rather than domestic currency hoarding, serve to explain the Bank Holiday's specific timing. Expectations that Roosevelt would devalue the dollar stimulated much of the gold loss. I also argue that Roosevelt's restrictions on gold holdings and foreign exchange dealings and his devaluation of the dollar by 60 percent were more important to the stability of the banking system after the Bank Holiday than was deposit insurance.

scholarly journals Exchange rate policy, growth, and foreign trade in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (190) ◽  
pp. 103-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Gligoric
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Policy

This paper analyzes a hot topic: the influence of an undervalued currency on macroeconomic variables - primarily on the economic growth and trade balance of a country, but also on employment, foreign exchange reserves, competition, and living standards. It also reviews and explains the consequences of yuan undervaluation, points out the need for its appreciation, and states the negative effects that stem from this measure. Special attention is given to the problematic bilateral relations between China and the USA and the reasons why Americans are worried about the exchange rate policy that China implements. Although yuan appreciation would decrease the American foreign trade deficit, it also raises the question of further financing of the American deficit. There are also other problems that the possible appreciation would cause for the American economy, due to the effect of J-curve, passthrough, larger costs of input imported from China, etc. Therefore, Chinese foreign exchange policy is an important subject, but it is not the solution to the problems of the global economy - which have deeper roots than that. However, there is no excuse for China implementing unfair exchange rate policies, or replacing such policies with controversial protectionist policies (as some authors have suggested).

Financial Marketing-Based Role of Exchange Rate to Increase Foreign Trade in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Özgür Kiyak ◽  
Bilge Afşar
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Decrease Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Relationship

This chapter tries to determine whether there is a causal relationship between exchange rate and foreign trade. The study includes monthly data between February 2003 and December 2018 including dollar foreign exchange selling rate and inflation related real exchange rate for exchange rate, and export amount, import amount, export increase/decrease rate, and import increase. Increase/decrease rate is used for foreign trade among other variables, for a total of 6 variables. According to the obtained results of Engle-Granger cointegration analysis, there is a cointegration between variables in the long run. However, according to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis, it was understood that there is no causality relationship between exchange rate and foreign trade.

General: George W. Ball: Diplomicy for a Crowded World. Bodley Head, London, 1976, x, 356p., £5.

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-256
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
International Economics ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
International Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Law

GENERAL: GEORGE W. BALL : Diplomacy for a Crowded World. GENERAL: MORDEVHAI E. KVEININ : International Economics: A Policy Approach. GENERAL: A.E. KARMALI : International Commercial Arbitration. N.M. Tripathi GENERAL: A. E. KARMALI and N. R. KANTAWALA : International Contracts: The Law and Practice of International Contracts. GENERAL: STEPHEN A. MARGLIN : Value and Price in the Labour-Surplus Economy. GENERAL: S. K. VERGHESE : Foreign Exchange and Financing of Foreign Trade. GENERAL: B. MAXWELL STAMPER : Population and planning in Developing Nations: A Review of Sixty Development Plans for the 1970s. GENERAL: JOHN CONNELL and MICHAEL LIPTON : Assesssing Village Labour Situations in Developing Countries.

Inter-American Trade in the Early 1870s— A State Department Survey

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pletcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
American Business ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
Centennial Celebrations ◽  
American Trade

A hundred years ago the United States had one of the worst depressions in its history. The disastrous drop in wages, prices, and output threw the mid-1870s into deep gloom and made the Centennial celebrations of 1876 seem to many persons no more than a bad joke. In subsequent years no one found a permanent cure for depressions, but during the late 1870s and 1880s a conviction developed that the Federal government must do more to aid American foreign trade. Thereafter the State Department cooperated increasingly with American business to expand the nation’s influence abroad.

American Business and Public Policy. The Politics of Foreign Trade

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
P. R. ◽  
Raymond A. Bauer ◽  
Ithiel de Sola Pool ◽  
Lewis Anthony Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
American Business
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