Mechanisms of inhibition and resistance to antiviral drugs targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Michailidis
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Synthesis of 4′-Substituted Purine 2′-Deoxynucleosides and Their Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis B Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 3313-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kohgo ◽  
Shuhei Imoto ◽  
Ryoh Tokuda ◽  
Yuki Takamatsu ◽  
Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Reappearance of Hepatitis B Virus in Immune Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1988 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lazizi ◽  
L. G. Keros ◽  
J.-F. Delfraissy ◽  
F. Boue ◽  
P. Dubreuil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Comparisons of DNA-mediated immunization procedures directed against surface glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B virus

Apmis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 636-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS FOMSGAARD ◽  
HENRIK VEDEL NIELSEN ◽  
CLAUS NIELSEN ◽  
KARIN JOHANSSON ◽  
ROBERTO MACHUCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoproteins

scholarly journals Evaluating vertical transmission of sexually transmitted infections to newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1550
Author(s):  
Dinamene Oliveira ◽  
João Piedade ◽  
Rita Castro ◽  
Ângela Lopes ◽  
Maria do Rosário Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections are among the most frequent infections affecting pregnant women. We assessed the transmission of hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Treponema pallidum to newborns from infected parturients. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical facility-based survey was conducted among 57 newborns in Irene Neto Maternity, Lubango city, Huíla province, Angola. Hepatitis B virus DNA molecular identification was done through nested PCR. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA detection was carried out by two successive nested PCRs. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the presence of T. pallidum DNA. Amplicons from PCR positive samples were sequenced for identity search and genotype assignment. Results: Hepatitis B virus DNA genotype E was detected in 3/41 (7.3%) newborns from HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) positive mothers. To analyse the association between mothers HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) positivity and hepatitis B virus vertical transmission to newborns, a Fisher's exact test was performed, showing a highly significant association (p = 0.006). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus or T. pallidum DNA was not detected in any newborn. Conclusions: To prevent hepatitis B virus vertical transmission in Angola it is important to promote universal antenatal screening, expanding hepatitis B virus markers (viral load and/or HBeAg), risk-based infected mothers’ antiviral therapy and newborn passive immunoprophylaxis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hexadecyloxypropyl-9-R-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)Propyl]- Adenine, CMX157, as a Potential Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis B Virus Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 3505-3509 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Painter ◽  
Merrick R. Almond ◽  
Lawrence C. Trost ◽  
Bernhard M. Lampert ◽  
Johan Neyts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Availability ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT 9-R-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-adenine (tenofovir) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate with antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Tenofovir is not orally bioavailable but becomes orally active against HIV-1 infection as the disoproxil ester (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [Viread]). We have developed an alternative strategy for promoting the oral availability of nucleoside phosphonate analogs which involves esterification with a lipid to form a lysolecithin mimic. This mimic can utilize natural lysolecithin uptake pathways in the gut, resulting in high oral availability. Since the mimic is not subject to cleavage in the plasma by nonspecific esterases, it remains intact in the circulation and facilitates uptake by target cells. Significant drops in apparent antiviral 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of up to 3 logs have been observed in comparison with non-lipid-conjugated parent compounds in target cells. We have applied this technology to tenofovir with the goal of increasing oral availability, decreasing the apparent EC50, and decreasing the potential for nephrotoxicity by reducing the exposure of the kidney to the free dianionic tenofovir. Here we report that, in vitro, the hexadecyloxypropyl ester of tenofovir, CMX157, is 267-fold more active than tenofovir against HIV-1 and 4.5-fold more active against HBV. CMX157 is orally available and has no apparent toxicity when given orally to rats for 7 days at doses of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg/day. Consequently, CMX157 represents a second-generation tenofovir analog which may have an improved clinical profile.

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