scholarly journals Anatomic Variation of the Submandibular Gland: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
André Davim ◽  
Cintia Lima ◽  
Edmilson Silva ◽  
Natália Da Silva ◽  
Priscilla Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Parotid Glands

The Human Anatomy is an ancient Science, which uses the human body as the main material of study. However, structural differences between individuals that make up the species are quite common in the population and always emerge as a source of reports that aim to demonstrate and clarify these differences. These structural changes are called anatomical variations and may be presented externally or internally in any of the body systems, with no functional impairment to the individual. The salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva directly into the mouth through their ducts. This secretion has the functions of keeping mucous membranes moist, cleaning teeth, lubricating, dissolving and starting the food digestion process. Most of the saliva is secreted by the major salivary glands, the parotid glands and the submandibular glands, the latter being the focus of this case report. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of finding an accessory submandibular gland on a cadaver from the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the University Center of Rio Grande do Norte located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The discovery was made during a dissection of an adult male body in 2012, where an accessory submandibular gland was found in the right antimere. Thus, by identifying such variations, its clinical importance can be observed for the purpose of diagnostic imaging, surgery and anatomical teaching applied to clinic, given the scarcity of published reports, thus providing better understanding those working directly or indirectly on the subject.

scholarly journals Etiopatogenesis dan terapi kasus multipel sialolithiasis kelenjar submandibulaEtiopathogenesis and treatment of multiple cases of submandibular gland sialolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nyoman Ayu Anggayanti ◽  
Endang Sjamsudin ◽  
Melita Sylvyana
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Mandibular Gland ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
The Right

Pendahuluan: Sialolithiasis adalah penyakit umum kelenjar saliva. Gejalanya termasuk pembengkakan kelenjar yang terlibat, terutama selama makan, dan nyeri tekan, yang mungkin mereda tetapi dapat kambuh kembali. Sialolith terjadi terutama di kelenjar submandibula (80-90%) dan pada tingkat yang lebih rendah di kelenjar parotid (5-20%). Sialolith bisa tunggal atau jamak. Multipel sialolith di kelenjar submandibula jarang terjadi. Tujuh puluh dari delapan puluh persen kasus memiliki sialolith tunggal, hanya sekitar 5% pasien yang memiliki tiga atau lebih sialolith. Faktor etiopatogenesis terkait dengan pembentukan sialolith adalah obstruksi, penurunan laju aliran saliva, dehidrasi, infeksi kelenjar saliva, dan terganggunya kelarutan kristaloid. Tujuan penulisan laporan kasus ini untuk menjelaskan etiopatogenesis dan terapi kasus multipel sialolithiasis kelenjar submandibula. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita 24 tahun datang dengan pembengkakkan dan nyeri pada submandibula kanan. Radiografi panoramik menunjukkan massa radiopak terdefinisi dengan baik dalam submandibula kanan. Interpretasi ultrasonografi menunjukkan massa tak homogen hypoechoic dengan kalsifikasi ganda. Pengangkatan kelenjar submandibula dilakukan dengan pendekatan ekstraoral. Laporan kasus ini menunjukkan Gambaran sebanyak sembilan sialolith di kelenjar submandibula, yang dihilangkan dengan pendekatan ekstraoral. Simpulan: Etiopatogenesis dari pembentukan multipel sialolithiasis pada duktus kelenjar, yaitu faktor mekanis, inflamasi, kimiawi, dan infeksi. Diperkirakan bahwa alkalin serta saliva kental yang mengandung banyak sel mukus, memiliki persentase kalsium fosfat lebih tinggi seperti pada kelenjar saliva submandibula yang mendukung pembentukan sialolith. Pengangkatan kelenjar submandibula beserta sialolith dilakukan sebagai standar baku perawatan dan dapat menghindari kekambuhan. Pasien kontrol kembali satu minggu pasca operasi dengan kondisi baik dan dijadwalkan untuk pemeriksaan radiografis ulang enam bulan kemudian untuk memastikan tidak terjadinya pembentukan sialolith baru di saluran kelenjar saliva.Kata kunci: Multipel, sialolithiasis, kelenjar submandibula. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary glands. Symptoms include the glands inflammation, especially during eating, and tenderness, which may subside but may recur. Sialoliths occur mainly in the submandibular glands (80-90%) and to a lesser extent in the parotid glands (5-20%). Sialolith can be singular or plural. Multiple sialoliths in the submandibular gland rarely occur. Seventy out of eighty per cent of cases have a single sialolith. Only about 5% of patients have three or more sialoliths. The etiopathogenetic factors associated with sialolith formation are obstruction, decreasing salivary flow rate, dehydration, salivary gland infection, and impaired crystalloid solubility. The purpose of this case report was to describe the etiopathogenesis and treatment of multiple cases of submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Case report: A 24-year-old woman presented with inflammation and pain in the right submandibular. Panoramic radiograph shows a well-defined radiopaque mass in the right submandibular. Ultrasound interpretation revealed a hypoechoic homogeneous mass with multiple calcifications. Removal of the submandibular gland was carried out with an extraoral approach. This case report showed the appearance of as many as nine sialoliths in the sub-mandibular gland, removed by an extraoral approach. Conclusion: Etiopathogenesis of the formation of multiple sialolithiasis in the glandular duct are mechanical, inflammatory, chemical, and infectious factors. It is thought that alkaline and thick saliva, which contains many mucus cells, has a higher percentage of calcium phosphate than in the submandibular salivary glands, which support the formation of sialoliths. Submandibular gland removal along with the sialoliths is performed as the treatment standard, which can avoid recurrence. The control visit is carried out one week postoperatively in good condition, and the patient is scheduled for another radiographic examination six months after to ensure that no new sialoliths occurred in the salivary gland.Keywords: Multiple, sialolithiasis, submandibular gland.

Nervous control of mammalian salivary glands

1981 ◽  
Vol 296 (1080) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Motor Effects

In the production and flow of saliva, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves generally cooperate, although variations between the different salivary glands are considerable, particularly in the sympathetic innervation. In the submandibular gland of the dog, sympathetic impulses cause secretion via β-adrenoceptors, and since sympathetic motor effects are elicited via α-adrenoceptors it is possible to study separately motor and secretory effects in this gland. Such experiments indicate that myoepithelial contractions serve to accelerate the salivary flow and to support the secreting acinar cells and prevent back-flow of fluid from the luminal system into the glandular tissues. The contractions are elicited reflexly from the oral mucosa together with secretion. A potentiation interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves occurs in the formation of the primary saliva. In parotid glands of rabbits and rats such an interaction has been demonstrated in the secretion of amylase.

scholarly journals Multiple sialolithiasis in submandibular gland duct: a rare case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Batista da SILVEIRA JUNIOR ◽  
Joaquim Barbosa MATIAS NETO ◽  
Ildeu ANDRADE JUNIOR ◽  
Herminia Marques CAPISTRANO
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Floor Of Mouth ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Gland Duct

ABSTRACT Sialolithiasis is a pathological process that affects the major salivary glands. It consists of calcifications that obstruct the parenchyma of the gland and / or the lumen of the ducts. The 37 years old female patient, VBB, leucoderma, attended the stomatology service with a complaint of swelling in the floor of mouth, which she noticed 10 years ago. The clinical and radiographic exams indicated a diagnosis of multiple sialolithiasis in the left submandibular gland duct. Surgical intervention was indicated in this case. Amongst all sialolithiasis cases, 80% affect the submandibular glands. Of these, 70% are isolated sialoliths. Only 5% of cases present more than 3 calcifications. This study aims to report the diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of multiple sialoliths located in the duct of the submandibular gland, which were surgically removed via intraoral access.

scholarly journals Fístula extraoral asociada a sialolitiasis en el conducto de Wharton. Reporte de un caso

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Danny Obando DDS ◽  
José Fernández DDS
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Floor Of Mouth ◽  
Chronic Sialadenitis ◽  
Wharton’S Duct

Sialolithiasis is one of the frecuent pathologies that affect the salivary glands, and  the submandibular gland is the most commonly affected due to it´s anatomy. There are many theories that try to explain the etiology, but is not yet fully determined. The most common symptom is the presence of pain, especially when eating because of the salivary stimulation produced by food. Other symptoms seen are the inflammation of the floor of mouth and infection associated with chronic sialadenitis processes; the formation of cutaneous fistulas is rare. This case report presents a 31-year-old male patient  with an extra-oral fistula located on the left side of his neck subzone Ib (submandibular); with chronic sialadenitis associated with sialolithiasis in the left Wharton's duct with a four-year progress. The surgical management is described and a review of the literature is performed.

scholarly journals Submandibular gland sialolith of unusual size

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Santosh Kandel ◽  
Bhuwan Raj Pandey ◽  
Prakash Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Gland Duct

Introduction: Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands. Majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland and is a common cause of acute and chronic infections of the gland. The size varies from one mm to one cm. Size greater than 15 mm are considered unusual or giant sialolith. Case report: We present a case of an unusual size sialolith of 16 mm in submandibular gland duct which was removed via transoral incision. The aim of presenting this case report is to understand etio-pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of submandibular sialolithiasis. Conclusion:  Submandicular sialolithiasis of more than 15 mm in size though rare are not uncommon. They can be managed intraorally if situated at or near the orifice.

scholarly journals SIALOLITH IN WHARTON’S DUCT IN AN ADOLESCENT- A CASE REPORT WITH MANAGEMENT APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaksharam Jayachandran ◽  
Archana M
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Obstructive Sialadenitis ◽  
Oral Approach ◽  
Wharton’S Duct

Sialolithiasis accounts for the most common cause of diseases of salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or the Wharton’s duct. Obstructive sialadenitis is the most frequent non-neoplastic salivary disorder with sialoliths being the main cause. This case report presents a case of a sialolith in the left Wharton’s duct in an adolescent, which was diagnosed using radiographs and removed via a simple intra-oral approach. Keywords: Sialolith, Sialadenitis, Wharton’s duct, intra oral approach

scholarly journals Submandibular duct sialolithiasis of unusual size: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Sarma ◽  
Soumick Ranjan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Submandibular Duct ◽  
The Right

<p>Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands. Majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland. Considering the literature, most stones are less than 5 mm, and stones more than 10 mm are quite unusual. We present a case report of a 37 year old male who had a stone of 11×8 mm near the orifice of the right submandibular duct which was removed via transoral incision.</p>

Polyamine Metabolism in Isoproterenol-stimulated Mouse Salivary Glands

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman F. Nelson ◽  
K. Birgitta Brown ◽  
Douglas D. Douthit ◽  
Sina Ghatan ◽  
David G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase

Isoproterenol (0.3 μmole/gm body weight) was injected intraperitoneally every 24 h for three days. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, the concentration of putrescine, spermidine and spermine and the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were measured in parotid and submandibular glands at 4 to 8 h after each injection. The parotid glands responded with peaks of DNA synthesis at 24 and 72 h and peaks of putrescine content and decarboxylase activities 8 to 12 h after each injection. Spermidine increased steadily in the parotid, whereas there was little change in the spermine concentration throughout the 72 h. Polyamine metabolism showed much less response in the submandibular gland, and little or no increase in spermidine or spermine levels or in DNA synthesis was observed.

Cytochemical Evidence for Presynatic β-Adrenergic Regulation of Secretion in the Developing Rat Submandibular Gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
L.S. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase Activity ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Rat Submandibular Gland

Many studies previously have shown that the B-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the a-adrenergic agonist norepinephrine will stimulate secretion by the adult rat submandibular (SMG) and parotid glands. Recent data from several laboratories indicates that adrenergic agonists bind to specific receptors on the secretory cell surface and stimulate membrane associated adenylate cyclase activity which generates cyclic AMP. The production of cyclic AMP apparently initiates a cascade of events which culminates in exocytosis. During recent studies in our laboratory it was observed that the adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membrane fractions derived from the prenatal and early neonatal rat submandibular gland was retractile to stimulation by isoproterenol but was stimulated by norepinephrine. In addition, in vitro secretion studies indicated that these prenatal and neonatal glands would not secrete peroxidase in response to isoproterenol but would secrete in response to norepinephrine. In contrast to these in vitro observations, it has been shown that the injection of isoproterenol into the living newborn rat results in secretion of peroxidase by the SMG (1).

Biogenesis of Catalase-Positive Rods in Excretory Duct Cells of Salivary Glands

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions

The presence of catalase-positive rods (Fig. 1) of different dimensions, which frequently have a crystalline appearance by light microscopy, has been reported. They seem to be related to peroxisomes which were characterized morphologically and cytochemically in parotid and other exocrine glands of the rat by Hand in 1973. Our light microscopic studies of these spherical microbodies and rods of different sizes, stained by virtue of the peroxidatic activity of their catalase, indicate that they are almost entirely confined to the cells of the striated and execretory ducts of the submandibular gland in the mouse. The rods were usually noted only in the proximity of the ductal microbodies. The latter frequently showed a tendency to appear in linear close array, or even to be contiguous (Fig. 2). This suggested that the rods could be formed by the fusion of microbodies.

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