scholarly journals Myth and mythology

2002 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. Garin
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
New Material ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The actualization of the study of issues related to the mythical and religious representations of our people is due to the need to solve new complex socio-moral problems facing the modern Ukrainian society. Scientific research of the phenomena of mythology and religion, as well as their interactions and interactions, are of particular importance in the conditions of social, ideological and moral crisis of society, when there is a serious reappraisal of ideological values ​​and new material and spiritual conditions of human existence are formed. The role of such studies is due to the fact that mythology and religion are important historical forms of social consciousness, one of the means of expressing the relation of man to the surrounding reality, which significantly affects the inner spiritual world of the individual, the moral and social behavior of the individual and entire communities of people.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF FINITENESS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE IN UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk ◽  
Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk Volodymyr Yatchenko, Oksana Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Painful Feeling

The article analyzes the existential problems of life, death and immortality in Ukrainian folklore (based on Ukrainian fairy tales). In the corpus of Ukrainian folk tales there are widely used topics, which in European philosophy and literature are called "tragic foundations of human existence" - awareness of the inevitability of death in the earthly existence of man, the search for forms of individual immortality. In Ukrainian fairy tales there is a dual attitude of the individual to the inevitability of his own death. On the one hand, there is the motive of reconciliation with the fate of human destiny, and in order to relieve the painful feeling of one's own finitude, the instruction on the higher meaning of the existence of death is forced. Death is justified because it appears as the prevention of the absurdity of infinite human existence or as an obstacle to the debauchery of the whims and dangerous wishes of the individual, or ultimately as the punishment of people for violating the commandments of the Supreme Spiritual Creature. In other words, death appears in a number of fairy tales as the expression of the highest world justice. At the same time, death mostly appears in fairy tales as an objectified pagan idea of Death as a concrete living creature with its whims, sympathies and weaknesses. The problem of finding ways to achieve immortality is traced in Ukrainian fairy tales in two ways. Most often, this search unfolds in the plane of the victory of the hero of the fairy tale over death, or through the imprisonment of death, or through the marriage of the hero to a divine being. This is a very common motive in the tales around the world. Less common is the motive of achieving immortality through the moral self-improvement of the hero, his compliance to the moral commandments of God. This is already a reflection in fairy tales of the influence of Christianity on the spiritual world of the ancestors of modern Ukrainians.

scholarly journals And religious conceptualizations of greed in the writing of Erich Fromm and John Chrysostom

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Diana Martynova ◽  
Elena Motovnikova ◽  
Igor Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
John Chrysostom

In modern society, which is conceptualized as a society of mass consumption and consumer culture, the discussion about the balance of the positively stimulating role and costs of the consumer attitudes as the basis of social behavior does not stop. The greatest danger of consumerism for a person lies, however, not in the socio-economic, but in the ethical-psychological aspect of a person’s life. This study seeks to clarify in which categories it is possible to achieve a productive understanding of the role of greed in the development of a person’s spiritual world. A comparative analysis of the reasoning of the classics of Christian and atheistic humanistic ethics makes it possible to see the specifics of the anthropological consideration of greed and draw conclusions about the relevance of educational and pedagogical support to people who have taken the path to combat this spiritual ailment.

scholarly journals FACTORS MEDIATING ANT SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: INTERPLAY OF NEUROMODULATION AND SOCIAL CONTEXT

Kosmos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-589
Author(s):  
Anna Szczuka ◽  
Ewa Joanna Godzińska ◽  
Julita Korczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Proximate Causation ◽  
Insect Societies ◽  
Neuroactive Compounds ◽  
Behavioral Reversion ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Systematic Group ◽  
The Individual

The main aim of this review was to show that proximate causation of insect social behavior involves complex interplay of cues and signals originating from both lower and higher levels of organization encountered in insect societies. We focused our review on context-dependence of neuromodulation of insect social behavior by specific neuroactive compounds including several biogenic amines (octopamine, serotonin, dopamine and tyramine), and classical amino acid neurotransmitters [γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu)]. We provided numerous examples of the role of these compounds in the mediation of affiliative social contacts, aggressive behavior, ontogeny of behavior (including behavioral reversion), and modifications of the reproductive status of the individual. We also discussed how brain contents of specific neuroactive compounds and the effects of their administration depend on individual properties of the tested insects, systematic group to which they belong, and external conditions defining their past and present physical and social environment.

IMPORTANCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DIORAMAS IN DEMONSTRATION OF HISTORICAL SIGHTS

Servis plus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Анатолий Кожуховский ◽  
Anatoliy Kozhukhovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems

The article discusses the importance of making different layouts and dioramas for the transmission the complete information about a specific geographic place and its main characteristics on a small site and the use of models and dioramas in various fields of tourism and service. The author of the article pays much attention to the question of the quality of various types of modern layouts and dioramas and their role in attracting large number of viewers and to the determination of viewers’ interest in visiting and exploring any historical site, historical place or monument. There was made the analysis of the necessity of application and of the use in various spheres of tourist and excursion activity prototype samples of art. In addition, there was developed the use of layouts in various interiors and exteriors, as well as the analysis of the necessity of building large models in miniature parks on a natural landscapeto attract a large number of viewers in the sphere of tourism and service. The author examines contemporary architectural and landscape layouts, the dioramas at the highest artistic level, using the latest innovative technologies and materials, modern technological advances in the field of manufacturing layout for achieving a qualitatively new technical, aesthetic and artistic level. The article discusses the importance of the production of the layout as an object of aesthetic and artistic value and the role of the layout work in the professional education of designers. The author investigates the importance of prototyping as a special kind of creative activity that reflects the social and moral problems of human life. There are observed the changes in the social and economic conditions of the architect, designer and desktop publisher, which require further improvement of the layout of the case and the introduction of advanced methods, techniques and hardware in architectural work and layout. For example, the study of peculiarities of the layout process shows artistic-educational and aesthetic role of the layouts, dioramas, miniature parks in artistic and aesthetic education, and aesthetic impact of art on the spiritual world of people.

Social Emotions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bowles ◽  
Herbert Gintis
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Costly Punishment ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Consequences

This chapter examines the role of social emotions such as guilt and shame in supporting human cooperation, and how these could have evolved. It first models the process by which an emotion such as shame may affect social behavior in a simple public goods game before discussing how shame and guilt along with internalized ethical norms foster cooperation to be sustained with minimal levels of costly punishment, resulting in mutually beneficial interactions at limited cost. It also explains how the internalization of norms and the expression of these norms in a social emotion such as guilt and shame induce the individual to place a contemporaneous value on the future consequences of present behavior, rather than relying upon an appropriately discounted accounting of its probable payoffs in the distant future. The chapter suggests that shame, guilt, and other social emotions may function like pain by providing personally beneficial guides for action that bypass the explicit cognitive optimizing process.

scholarly journals The views of philosophers and Christian authors about the Church as a factor in shaping the sense of responsibility for the fate of society

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
O. Saboduha
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The Church at all times of human existence occupied an important place in the life of society. Under modern conditions, people often feel unprotected, uncertain, and therefore forced to seek support and faith in their happy future. One way of creating a sense of inner peace for a believer is to communicate with God, and the Church acts as an intermediary in this process. Therefore, in our opinion, the Church, as a social institution, is to a large extent responsible for the cultivation of those values ​​which it preaches and which consciously and subconsciously assimilates the citizens. Therefore, we believe that the Church should not be alienated from the problems of society, but, on the contrary, its activities should be oriented towards its modernization and, above all, in the spiritual aspect. For the Ukrainian society in its spiritual life Christian faith was and remains the leading one. In this article, we aim to justify the role of the Christian Churches in shaping the sense of responsibility of our believers.

scholarly journals The moral conduct. Ethical dilemmas, the role of the deontological code in social work

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 675-679
Author(s):  
Nina Stănescu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Ethical Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
As If

The most acute symptom of modernity is the ethical component of society, the so-called spiritual crisis. The essence of moral crisis consists in reducing religiosity; the major effects of diminishing religiosity are: blind obsession for money, selfishness, proliferation of the lack of honesty, decline of the family as a social institution, public proliferation of sexuality, increase of discord, amplification of conflicts of all kinds (between individuals, between the individual and society, between social groups, between generations). The real world alienated itself and even broke away entirely from the world of spiritual, social and moral life. Nowadays, we talk about science, politics, religion, culture, economics, as if they were different fields, as if the involvement of a problem from one field into another field would not be allowed. In this sense, culture should not be involved in matters of science, morality cannot be compatible with business; and in politics we cannot guide ourselves by moral principles. Such attitudes lead to antisocial and deviant patterns of behavior: lying, violence, discrimination, corruption, tax evasion, crime etc.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF TIME IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIVERSITY OF HISTORICAL PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Yulia Poletaeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Individual

It is argued that the concept of time determines the problematization of the historical process. The basis for such a formulation of the question is the purposeful human activity inextricably linked with the concept of time. The foundation for the solution of this issue was laid by M. Heidegger, who considers time as a possible horizon for questioning about being. History in this sense, being the task of the spirit or itself, becomes the sphere of human existence. The concept of linearity of time is associated with the finalist understanding of history. The problem of history, taking into account the concept of time, is solved through a fundamentally new interpretation of the role of a single, individual in the methodology of historical knowledge. It is stated that the methodological solution to the problem of history is to consider the concept of the individual (diverse) in history in the context of time.

scholarly journals Spirituality and spiritual world of personality

2003 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
O.S. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
World View ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Life Phenomena ◽  
The Individual

The problem of spirituality is one of those philosophical problems that are commonly called "eternal." It is particularly relevant in the dramatic periods of human history that Ukraine is experiencing today, when fundamentally new life phenomena and circumstances adjust the ways and means of life choices, social self-determination of individuals. Radical changes in a person's world-view make everyone personally think of new social realities, define their world-view settings, realize the place and role of the person in the process of social transformation. In such circumstances, the problem of spirituality acquires the most important status in the structure of the spiritual world of the individual.

A Hero of Conscience: Samson Agonistes and Casuistry

PMLA ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille W. Slights
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Individual

AbstractRenaissance English casuistry, the branch of moral philosophy that applies general principles to particular cases, supplies a significant context for Milton’s Samson Agonistes. In subject matter, structure, and language, Milton’s tragedy resembles the prose cases of conscience in which casuists showed how to overcome doubt and despair and gain peaceful consciences by resolving difficult moral problems. Such casuistical concepts as the supremacy of the individual conscience, the relevance of circumstances to moral law, and the role of reason in resolving doubt illuminate the conflicting moral judgments that form the dramatic texture of Samson Agonistes. Samson learns how to judge his own actions in particular circumstances, and by doing so, learns to repent of his past sin, overcome his sense of powerlessness, and act with a clear conscience. The drama goes beyond conventional casuistry in its uncompromising assertion of the supremacy of the individual conscience and its unflinching recognition of the tragic limits of human power.

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