scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancers: A Review of Studies from Pakistan and Comparison with Global Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Saleema Mehboob Ali ◽  
Yumna Adnan ◽  
S. M. Adnan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

The objective of this review article is to discuss clinical data from studies on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population and its comparison with international data. This review article will allow researchers to identify gaps in the data and hence to design further research in order to address these gaps accordingly. Search was carried out via Google Scholar, PubMed and PakMediNet search engines using keywords “Pancreatic cancers”, “Pancreatic adenocarcinoma” and “Pakistan”. Pancreatic cancers are one of the most lethal cancers globally. Statistics show that 97.8% of cases of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan have led to mortality. For various cancers around the world, epidemiological data has been used for development of diagnostic tools and therapies. Despite the alarming situation of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan, only limited work has been done in this area. Majority of the studies are based exclusively on reporting of clinical data. Pakistan has not been able to even gather sufficient data to proceed research based on association of molecular aspects of tumor with clinical characteristics. On the contrary, researchers, scientists and clinicians from other parts of the world are already working on association studies, prediction of prognosis, treatment selection and improving the survival of their population. It is an immense need of the situation that molecular based studies are carried out on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population so that diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and survival of these patients can be made better.

scholarly journals Brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e141139
Author(s):  
José Soares Ferreira Neto
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
South American ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In general, European and North American countries, as well as Australia and New Zealand, have already eradicated or reached good levels of control of brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle. In the rest of the world, however, the epidemiological situation of these two diseases is frequently poorly understood. In this review article, quantified data on these diseases in the South American countries are presented. Initially, the aspects that led the continent to host 25% of the world cattle population are presented, in addition to the aspects that placed the continent at a prominent position in the international meat market. Subsequently the continent was divided into three country groups, considering the size of the cattle population and how well the epidemiological situation of brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle is quantified. It is argued that countries that do not generate high-quality quantitative epidemiological data on these diseases have serious limitations in outlining and managing control or eradication strategies. Thus, for successful outcomes, at least methodologies to estimate the prevalence of infected herds should be employed.

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY — AN UPDATE ON CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG HUANG ◽  
LIBO LI ◽  
HONGWEI WANG ◽  
XIULI WANG ◽  
KAIHUA YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Direction

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world. In recent years, much progress has been seen in basic research as well as clinical application. PDT clinical application has now extended from treating malignant diseases to nonmalignant diseases. This review article will present recent clinical data published in English journals. The data will be organized according to their clinical specialties. The new development and future direction in clinical applications of PDT for the management of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases will be discussed.

Challenging Imperialism Across Borders: Recent Studies of Twentieth-Century Internationalist Networks against Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Daniel Brückenhaus
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the global dimensions of twentieth-century imperialism and anti-imperialism. Historians, themselves part of an increasingly interconnected world, have been drawn to investigate the links between anti-colonial activists working in different parts of the globe. After a period in which most studies had focused either on the perspective of imperial decision makers in Europe or on that of nationalist activists within the framework of one single colony, more recently scholars have argued that the first of these approaches underrates the agency of anti-imperialists in interactions with the imperial rulers, while the second makes it difficult to explain broader, global trends, including the surprising near-simultaneity of decolonisation in large parts of the world between 1945 and 1970. Instead, historians now argue that we need to take into account the inherently internationalist visions of many activists in this period, which led them to travel the world, interact with their counterparts from other colonies, develop shared views of anti-imperialism and provide each other with practical and ideological support. This review article examines some of the most successful monographs to be published in this field between 2014 and 2018.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Herd Immunity and Nanotechnology- A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Sah ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Bhagat ◽  
Upama Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiology Data

Covid-19 had been the global pandemic cases across the world since WHO declared it as pandemic diseases. It has been global crisis which had impacted globally on health and economic sector at a time. This review article had covered the detail of COVID-19 in brief detail, its epidemiological data, herd immunity and vaccination program, vaccine development status. Also this article the nanotechnology used in vaccine development process and its future prospective. This article had been concerned over the SAARC Nations epidemiology data related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV-1 infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai, China, 2005-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qin ◽  
Ru Zhou ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Weixin Wang ◽  
Jun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Homosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractBackgroundShanghai is one of the biggest cities which have the highest number of entry travelers from all over the world. The HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) infection status of this population can reflect global trends of HIV prevalence to a certain extent.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of HIV-1 infection among entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai. The HIV-1 infection rate was estimated based on the detection of HIV-1 antibody.ResultsAmong 50830 entry travelers who applied to residency in Shanghai(2005-2016), 245 were determined HIV-1 positive with an infection rate of 0.48%. The detection rate of HIV was significantly higher in male (P<0.0001). Those aged 18-30 years, 31-40 years and >40years accounted for 34.3%,39.6% and 26.1% respectively of the infected population. Although there was no trend of increase in HIV-1 prevalence rates (Cochran-Armitage Z =2.543, P =0.111),proportions of individuals infected through homosexual transmission increased over the study period (Cochran-Armitage Z =5.41, P<0.001), while the proportions infected through heterosexual(Cochran-Armitage Z=3.38, P=0.001).ConclusionThe rate and characteristics of HIV-1 infection among foreign applicant to residency in Shanghai were revealed in the study. The results could provide the necessary epidemiological data for monitoring the HIV-1 epidemic among entry international travelers and to further contribute to the establishment of relevant policies and regulations for HIV control and prevention.

scholarly journals ITHANET: Information and database community portal for haemoglobinopathies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Kountouris ◽  
Coralea Stephanou ◽  
Celeste Bento ◽  
Pavlos Fanis ◽  
Jacques Elion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Community Portal

ABSTRACTHaemoglobinopathies are the commonest monogenic diseases, with millions of carriers and patients worldwide. Online resources for haemoglobinopathies are largely divided into specialised sites catering for patients, researchers and clinicians separately. However, the severity, ubiquity and surprising genetic complexity of the haemoglobinopathies call for an integrated website to serve as a free and comprehensive repository and tool for patients, scientists and health professionals alike. This paper presents the ITHANET community portal, an expanding resource for clinicians and researchers dealing with haemoglobinopathies. It integrates information on news, events, publications, clinical trials and haemoglobinopathy-related organisations and experts and, most importantly, databases of variations, epidemiology and diagnostic and clinical data. Specifically, ITHANET provides annotation for 2690 haemoglobinopathy-related variations, epidemiological data for more than 180 countries and information for more than 600 HPLC diagnostic reports. The ITHANET portal accepts and incorporates contributions to its content by local experts from any country in the world and is freely available for the public at http://www.ithanet.eu.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

Digital Childhood?

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Mariya Stoilova ◽  
Sonia Livingstone ◽  
Giovanna Mascheroni
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Smartphone Technology ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Mobile devices play a growing role in the everyday lives of children around the world, prompting important questions about their effects on childhood experiences. Exploring the recent global trends in children’s use of smartphone devices, the authors examine the reconfiguring of children’s communicative practices and cultures of connectivity, documenting the opportunities and risks that smartphone technology affords. Throughout the chapter the authors challenge the notion of “digital childhoods,” drawing on the most reliable research on children and smartphones including findings from Global Kids Online, which suggest that digital divides intersect with existing social inequalities, exacerbating the barriers for less privileged children. This raises further questions about the long-term consequences for children’s development, rights, and future access to opportunities and resources.

scholarly journals Genetic Contribution of Endometriosis to the Risk of Developing Hormone-Related Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6083
Author(s):  
Aintzane Rueda-Martínez ◽  
Aiara Garitazelaia ◽  
Ariadna Cilleros-Portet ◽  
Sergi Marí ◽  
Rebeca Arauzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
Robust Evidence

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that has been associated with endometrial, breast and epithelial ovarian cancers in epidemiological studies. Since complex diseases are a result of multiple environmental and genetic factors, we hypothesized that the biological mechanism underlying their comorbidity might be explained, at least in part, by shared genetics. To assess their potential genetic relationship, we performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (2SMR) analysis on results from public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This analysis confirmed previously reported genetic pleiotropy between endometriosis and endometrial cancer. We present robust evidence supporting a causal genetic association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, particularly with the clear cell and endometrioid subtypes. Our study also identified genetic variants that could explain those associations, opening the door to further functional experiments. Overall, this work demonstrates the value of genomic analyses to support epidemiological data, and to identify targets of relevance in multiple disorders.

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