scholarly journals Evaluation of the protective level of antibodies to tetanus toxin in adults in Poland

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Karolina Śmietańska ◽  
Anna Chróst ◽  
Natalia Rokosz-Chudziak ◽  
Urszula Roguska ◽  
Waldemar Rastawicki
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

Introduction: The aim of the research was to assess the protective level of antibodies for tetanus toxin in adults in Poland. The obtained research results provide information on how the protective level of anti-tetanus antibodies is formed after the administration of basic doses and booster doses in people of different ages and gender. Material and Methods: A total of 493 serum samples collected from 321 adult individuals, 86 blood donors and 86 pregnant women with ages ranging from 20 to 40 years were investigated. Antibody concentrations were measured with an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (Tetanus IgG ELISA, IBL International, Germany). Results: The results showed that among 493 individuals examined, only four were not detected with an IBL ELISA antibody for tetanus toxin. The most, as many as 258 people had antibodies at the level of 0.1-1.0 IU / ml, in 220 people these antibodies were detected at 1.0-5.0 IU / ml and only in 11 people at the level above 5.0 IU / ml. What is very important, the percentage of results with a high level of antibodies to the tetanus toxin (>1.0 IU/ml) decreased with the age of the examined patients. Analysis of the results showed that statistically significantly higher levels of antibodies (>1.0 IU/ml) were detected more frequently in men than in women. The percentage of highly positive results (over 1.0 IU/ml) was significantly higher in pregnant women (73.3%) than in the group of all 169 other women examined (24.3%) and higher than in the group of 50 women (40.0%) and 61 men (57.4%) at a similar age of 19-39 years as pregnant women. Conclusions: The results we obtained testify generally to a relatively good level of immunization against tetanus in the adult population in Poland up to 50 years of age. A high percentage of older people, especially after the age of 60, with a low level of vaccine anti-tetanus antibodies indicate the desirability of administering doses of the anti-tetanus vaccine in people in this age group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) in the general Polish population - analysis of the influence of sex and age on the variability of ANA.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Krzemień ◽  
Sławomir Kasperczyk ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Aleksandra Kasperczyk ◽  
Michał Dobrakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antinuclear Autoantibodies ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Positive Population

Abstract Objectives: Diagnosis of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases using antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between populations, such that the screening dilution used for indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) should be defined locally for each population. The aim of the study was firstly, to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cut-off threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA staining patterns.Methods: The tested material included serum samples from 1731 participants (1043 women and 688 men) that were tested with the commercially available IIFA using two cut-off thresholds 1:100 and 1:160.Results: We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cut-off level. For a cut-off threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cut-off threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA were more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA positive patients were over 50 years of age.Conclusion: ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries. ANA were more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. In order to reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cut-off threshold.

scholarly journals Maternally-Derived Antibody and Seroconversion to Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chicken

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Chandra Paul ◽  
M Shahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Shaiful Islam ◽  
AHM Taslima Akhter ◽  
Niraj Kanti Shil
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Field Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group B

An investigation was conducted with a view to determining the persistence of maternally-derived antibody (MDA) against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chicks as well as seroconversion of IBV in relation to age and gender of chicks in field condition. Determination of antibody titre was performed by indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The existence of MDA was calculated in Group A (n = 20) and Group B (n = 15) originating from parents vaccinated against IBV and with no such history respectively. In case of group A, titres of serum samples obtained were 5361.23 ± 854.09, 2567.58 ± 763.61, 808 ± 751.361, 432.29 ± 47.11, 178.36 ± 88.28, 184.58 ± 93.6, 80.89 ± 70.11 and 43.55 ± 32.92 on day 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 days aged birds respectively. On the other hand, sera samples of group B manifested a titre of 3285.18 ± 685.03, 2219.16 ± 419.77, 1783.62 ± 219.84, 589.01 ± 249.63, 186.66 ± 88.21, 178.36 ± 202.02, 105.77 ± 75.69 and 41.34 ± 69.28 on same schedule. It was further revealed that chicks with ancestor of non-vaccinated parents showed higher MDA titre up to 9th day of age. This might have happened due to exposure of field virus to the parent birds. As regards seroconversion, it was observed that 100, 20 and 80% of serum samples collected from chickens of 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 4 months of age were positive to IBV specific antibody respectively, whereas no serum sample was positive in case of 5-7 weeks aged birds. When considered the gender of birds, it was revealed that sera from the female showed 58.33% seropositivity against 25% from male. Maternally-derived antibody (MDA) might protect the chickens up to 9 days of age and since MDA could interfere vaccination, it should not be performed before such age. Keywords: Maternally-derived antibody (MDA); Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); antibody titre; Seroconversion; ChicksDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4857 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 53-56

scholarly journals Detection of infection by rubella and cytomegalovirus among women exposed to abortion in Ninavah province

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Mahmood Nafi Mahmood1 ◽  
Adeeba Younis Shareef2
Keyword(s):  
Infected Patient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
High Level ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Positive Results

The study aims to correlate infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus and abortion at different age groups. Blood samples were collected through the period between beginning of February to the end of September 2017, one hundred and twenty-seven women exposed to abortion and thirty apparently health controls. Serum samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies for rubella and cytomegalovirus. The results showed that CMV was the most common infection with high level of IgM antibodies (15.7%) and IgG (12.5%), only 0.7% of the cases gave positive results for rubella IgM, and 6.2% had rubella IgG while the control group only 6.6% had CMV IgM, and 3.3% had CMV IgG antibody. All the age groups did not show infection with rubella except age 25-31 years as 2.1% and 8.5% had IgM and IgG respectively. The highest rate of infection with CMV was at age group 25-31 years (21.2%) then age group 18-24 years (13.7%). Most of the patients experienced two abortions were reported at age group 25-31 years, 1.5% and 4.7% of CMV infected patient experienced 3 and 2 respectively while 1.5% of rubella infected patients had only one abortion, 18.1% of the patients with CMV experienced 2 abortions had cut off >1.25. Hundred % of the patients with rubella had cut off value of > 1.25 experienced one abortions.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.008  

scholarly journals Serum anti-tetanus and measles antibody titres in Ugandan children aged 4 months to 6 years: implications for vaccine programme

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenesha Warrener ◽  
Josephine Bwogi ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Dhanraj Samuel ◽  
Theopista Kabaliisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Child Health Clinic ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

AbstractTo study the antibody response to tetanus toxoid and measles by age following vaccination in children aged 4 months to 6 years in Entebbe, Uganda. Serum samples were obtained from 113 children aged 4–15 months, at the Mother-Child Health Clinic (MCHC), Entebbe Hospital and from 203 of the 206 children aged between 12 and 75 months recruited through the Outpatients Department (OPD). Antibodies to measles were quantified by plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) and with Siemens IgG EIA. VaccZyme IgG EIA was used to quantify anti-tetanus antibodies. Sera from 96 of 113 (85.0%) children attending the MCHC contained Measles PRNT titres below the protective level (120 mIU/ml). Sera from 24 of 203 (11.8%) children attending the OPD contained PRNT titres <120 mIU/ml. There was no detectable decline in anti-measles antibody concentrations between 1 and 6 years. The anti-tetanus antibody titres in all 113 children attending MCHC and in 189 of 203 (93.1%) children attending the OPD were >0.15 IU/ml by EIA, a level considered protective. The overall concentration of anti-tetanus antibody was sixfold higher in children under 12 months compared with the older children, with geometric mean concentrations of 3.15 IU/ml and 0.49 IU/ml, respectively. For each doubling in age between 4 and 64 months, the anti-tetanus antibody concentration declined by 50%. As time since the administration of the third DTP vaccination doubled, anti-tetanus antibody concentration declined by 39%. The low measles antibody prevalence in the children presenting at the MCHC is consistent with the current measles epidemiology in Uganda, where a significant number of measles cases occur in children under 1 year of age and earlier vaccination may be indicated. The consistent fall in anti-tetanus antibody titre over time following vaccination supports the need for further vaccine boosters at age 4–5 years as recommended by the WHO.

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness and Practice About HIV/AIDS among different age group of Karachi, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Safia Mehmood ◽  
Sheema Zia ◽  
Nida Aziz ◽  
Omama Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The AIDS is one of the most complicated health problems of the 21st century and it threatens the world population. AIDS spread at an alarming rate. This was a descriptive study to determine the knowledge, awareness, and practice about HIV among different age groups. The study carried out in Karachi, Pakistan during the period of January 2016-april 2016, in which 82 peoples are participated; 65 peoples having age in between 18-30, people’s lies in 31-40 years, while only 4 peoples having age above 40. From which 91% peoples thought HIV is dangerous virus and 51% peoples having misconception that it cause AIDS on initial stage and does not have any effect on CD4+. Majority of peoples aware about transmission of AIDS through intercourse, and during pregnancy. But the study show the high level of misbelieve also in mode of transmission that HIV transmit through sweat, saliva etc. Majority of the peoples have knowledge that HIV-1 is the most common type found worldwide. Also large number of peoples have knowledge that HIV weak immune system by destroying CD4+ and require long exposure to progress AIDS. Less than 15% of peoples strongly agree that AIDS is common in women. This misconception reflex the lack of knowledge and awareness in the HIV transmission and gender relation. Also majority of peoples thought that lack of knowledge is major barrier in the proper cure of disease. So increasing knowledge by awareness programs; sexual prevention; by starting national testing resources and curing poverty will cured AIDS in Pakistan. Newly drugs are introduced which can stop the progression of AIDS.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in the adult population at the present stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Peredelskaya ◽  
Tatyana Safyanova ◽  
Mikhail Druchanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Health Care Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Care Institution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Chickenpox is an urgent problem, as it is widely spread with a high level of morbidity and an increasing share in the structure of the General infectious pathology with significant economic damage. The aim of the study is to study the epidemiological and clinical features of chickenpox in adults hospitalized in Krai government-owned publicy funded health care institution «City clinical hospital No. 5, Barnaul» for the period 2008‑2018. Content analysis included statistical reporting forms No. 2 of Federal state statistical supervision «Data on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the city of Barnaul during the period 2008‑2018 of medical archival documents adult infectious Department Krai government-owned publicy funded health care institution «City clinical hospital №5, Barnaul» for the same period. Data processing was performed using calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, calculation of the arithmetic mean (X) and standard error of the average (m). Calculations were made using the STATISTICA-10 program. Consistently high rates were recorded, with an average of 64.32 ± 3.46 per 100,000 population. The percentage of hospitalized adults averaged 18.5% during the study period. Adults aged 18‑30 were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (90.3%); 41.6% were students. Adults with moderate severity were hospitalized more often (70.6%); 7 patients (1.3%) had complications: aphthous stomatitis (3 cases), pustulosis (2 cases), and pneumonia (2 cases). Patients with severe severity of the disease accounted for 2.4%, the premorbid background was burdened in 48% (HIV infection, tuberculosis). In 35% of patients with severe severity, the final diagnosis of Herpes zoster was made, all patients older than 40 years, stayed in the hospital for 20‑25 days.

scholarly journals Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Serum Levels Indicate Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of DHEA and Estradiol (E2) in Women at Term Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardes Habib ◽  
Joseph Neulen ◽  
Shahin Habib ◽  
Benjamin Rösing
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Fluid Levels

AbstractNeuroactive steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) are associated with structural and functional changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Measurement of steroid levels in the CNS compartments is restricted in accessibility. Consequently, there is only limited human data on the distributional equilibrium for steroid levels between peripheral and central compartments. While some neuroactive steroids including DHEA and E2 have been reported to convey excitatory and proconvulsant properties, the opposite was demonstrated for P4. We aimed to elucidate the correlation between peripheral and central DHEA, E2, and P4 levels in women at term pregnancy. CSF and serum samples of 27 healthy pregnant women (22–39 years) at term pregnancy were collected simultaneously under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and used for DHEA ELISA and E2, and P4 ECLIA. All three neuroactive steroids were detected at markedly lower levels in CSF compared to their corresponding serum concentrations (decrease, mean ± SD, 97.66 ± 0.83%). We found a strong correlation for DHEA between its serum and the corresponding CSF levels (r = 0.65, p = 0.003). Serum and CSF levels of E2 (r = 0.31, p = 0.12) appeared not to correlate in the investigated cohort. DHEA serum concentration correlated significantly with E2 (r = 0.58, p = 0.0016) in CSF. In addition, a strong correlation was found between DHEA and E2, both measured in CSF (r = 0.65, p = 0.0002). Peripheral DHEA levels might serve as an indicator for central nervous levels of the neuroactive steroids DHEA and E2 in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Rubella Outbreak in Heballi Agasi Ward, Dharwad District, Karnataka, India, 2014–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s380-s380
Author(s):  
Sree Kalpana Mohankumar ◽  
Vishweshwarayya Hiremath ◽  
Rajashree Koppad
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

Background: Countries that have good rubella surveillance, report ∼10,000–20,000 rubella cases annually. In India, not many cases of rubella are reported. The Hebballi Agasi ward of Dharwad district in Karnataka state, India, reported rubella cases on the last week of January 2015. Objective: We investigated the outbreak by time, place, person, and clinical symptoms. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study. We defined a case as any resident of Heballi Agasi who had fever and rash, with or without lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough, after December 15, 2014. We collected sociodemographic details and clinical symptoms of patients. We collected 5 serum samples and sent them to the National Measles Laboratory, Bangalore. We tested for measles and rubella antibodies. We drew an epidemic curve and a spot map. We computed mean age of cases, and we calculated attack rates by mean age and gender. We calculated proportions to describe clinical symptoms, and we interviewed stakeholders regarding rubella vaccination. We continued surveillance until March 2015. Results: The population of Heballi Agasi was 1,458. We identified 15 rubella cases (9 girls and 6 boys). The outbreak lasted between December 10, 2014, and February 21, 2015, with a peak on January 16, 2015. The overall attack rate was 1% (15 of 1,458). The mean age of the cases was 6 years (range, 1–23). The attack rate was high (7.7%) among those aged 1–6 years (11 of 143). The attack rate among those aged >6 years was 0.3% (4 of 1,315). In addition to fever and rash, 93% of cases (14 of 15) had coryza, 47% had cough (7 of 15), and 40% had conjunctivitis (6 of 15). Lymphadenopathy was present in only 1 case (1 of 15), and arthralgia was absent among all 15 cases. There was no death among the cases. All 5 sera were positive for rubella and negative for measles. Rubella vaccination was not given for any of the cases because no rubella vaccination is provided in the routine immunization program. Conclusions: There was a rubella outbreak in Heballi Agasi ward. Children aged 1–6 years were most affected. We recommend rubella vaccination in the routine immunization.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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