scholarly journals Bovine Pituitary Extract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract

scholarly journals Bovine pituitary extract interferes with SARS‐CoV replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Jelesijevic ◽  
Elizabeth Uhl ◽  
Frank Michel ◽  
Robert Jeffrey Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract

scholarly journals 161EFFECT OF BOVINE PITUITARY EXTRACT ON HATCHING AND POST-HATCHING DEVELOPMENT OF IVP BOVINE EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Talbot ◽  
A.M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Further Development

The effect of bovine pituitary extract (BPE; BD Biosciences, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) on development of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts after Day 7 was studied. IVP embryos were produced from in vitro-matured COCs processed from local slaughterhouse ovaries or obtained from Bomed, Inc., Madison, WI, USA. The first 7 days of embryo culture following in vitro fertilization were in G1/G2 medium in 5%O2+5%CO2+90%N2. Embryos that had reached the compacted morula or early blastocyst stage on Day 7 (29% of total) were identified and randomly assigned to four media treatments (n=75/treatment, r=7). DMEM/199 medium (D2) or G2, each supplemented by the addition of BSA, insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS), were used with or without BPE at 30μgmL−1. Extended embryo culture was continued until Day 11. Further development was assessed by counting hatched blastocysts and measuring the size (cross-sectional index) and the number of cells per blastocyst. Size diameters of blastocysts ranged from 200μm to 400μm across treatments. Cell counts were performed by staining the fixed blastocysts with Hoechst 33342 and counting the nuclei of squashed blastocysts with a fluorescent microscope. The percentage of hatched blastocysts was significantly greater (P<0.05) in G2 with BPE (63.7±6.8%) than in G2 alone (29.6±7.3%). D2 with BPE (59.3±6.8%) was not significantly different from D2 alone (56.8±7.9%). Area index gave similar results; G2+BPE (267±168) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than G2 alone (76±28), and D2+BPE (192±139) and D2 alone (155±106) were not different. Cell number gave similar results (P<0.05); G2+BPE (303±164), G2 alone (123±47), D2+BPE (254±166) and D2 alone (233±120). A second experiment randomly assigned 7 day embryos (33% of total) to extended culture in G2 or D2 medium with or without irradiated STO feeder cells and under either 5% O2 or 20% O2 (n=49/treatment, r=5). All treatments contained BPE and a layer of agarose. Hatched blastocysts were counted on Day 11 and percentages were not different (P<0.05) for both media without STO in low O2 (G2=75±12 %; D2=67±8%) and in air (G2=82±19%; D2=83±11%). Hatching was not different (P<0.05) with STO in both media in air (G2=73±10%; D2=68±15%), but was significantly reduced (P<0.05) when STO was combined with low oxygen (G2=28±14%; D2=4±6%). Further culture to 18 days was completed, but many of the embryos collapsed by Day 12 and thereafter grew as lobed bodies and occasionally attached to each other. By 18 days a few embryos continued uncomplicated growth, however, and were composed of as many as 6900 cells. These results indicate that promotion of in vitro bovine blastocyst development in a minimal medium such as G2 requires BPE while a more complex medium, D2, supports further development without BPE. STO feeder cells in combination with low oxygen culture was inhibitory to blastocyst hatching and survival.

scholarly journals Radioimmunoassay for ovine, caprine and bovine prolactin in plasma and tissue extracts

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian D. Bryant ◽  
F. C. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Serial Samples

1. A radioimmunoassay for ovine prolactin is described based on the inhibition of the reaction between 131I-labelled ovine prolactin and guinea-pig or rabbit antiserum to ovine prolactin. The extent of the reaction after a 4-day incubation period is determined by chromatoelectrophoresis or by adsorption of unchanged 131I-labelled ovine prolactin on charcoal. The sensitivity is equal to 5·9ng. of prolactin/ml. of plasma with chromatoelectrophoresis, or 0·2ng. of prolactin/ml. of tissue extracts with the charcoal separation. 2. A complete cross-reaction demonstrated between ovine prolactin and caprine pituitary extracts allows the assay to be used to measure caprine prolactin. The partial cross-reactions between ovine prolactin and bovine prolactin and between ovine prolactin and bovine pituitary extract differ, and an alteration in the immunological activity of bovine prolactin during its isolation is suggested. Bovine prolactin in plasma may be measured against a bovine pituitary extract as standard. No cross-reactions were demonstrated with pituitary extracts from a number of other species. The extent of the contamination of ovine and bovine growth hormone preparations by their respective prolactins is shown. 3. Dilutions of ovine and caprine plasma inhibit the reaction between 131I-labelled ovine prolactin and antiserum with the same characteristics as ovine prolactin. 4. The immunoreactive material in plasma fractionates on Sephadex G-200 and in sucrose density gradients as a single peak similar to that shown by freshly dissolved ovine prolactin. There is no evidence that ovine prolactin is bound to a plasma protein. 5. By suppressing prolactin secretion and assaying serial samples of plasma thereafter it is shown that the immunological activity of the surviving hormone becomes progressively altered with time. It is suggested that this alteration is usually not detected but introduces an element of uncertainty into the quantitative but not the qualitative value of the measurements obtained by reference to standard ovine prolactin.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DIABETOGENIC ACTIVITY OF OX PITUITARY EXTRACTS TO THEIR GROWTH HORMONE CONTENT

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REID
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Hormone Content ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
G Ratio

Different batches of crude bovine pituitary extract were compared with respect to the 'D/G ratio', i.e. the ratio of diabetogenic activity in cats to growth-promoting activity in rats. The ratio was low for some extracts which had been incubated as in the experiments of Marks & Young [1940], but wide variations were found with 'normal' (non-incubated) extracts, for some of which the ratio was notably high. Purified preparations of the diabetogenic factor isolated from crude extracts appeared to consist predominantly of growth hormone (GH), as shown particularly by examination in the ultracentrifuge (see Addendum). The possibility that 'purified GH' might, in common with crude extracts, vary in D/G ratio, received little support from tests performed on semi-purified GH fractions isolated from crude extracts, or on purified GH preparations subjected to mildly destructive treatments such as incubation with carboxypeptidase, which did not impair either diabetogenic or growth-promoting activity. Tests with the GH preparation (pig) of Raben & Westermeyer [1952] did not confirm their claim that it lacks diabetogenic activity. The growth-promoting activity of GH is reduced by ACTH or posterior-pituitary extract, and enhanced by thyrotrophin. The diabetogenic activity of GH is known to be enhanced by ACTH under certain conditions. Variations among crude extracts in D/G ratio may thus be attributable to variations in the content of certain hormones other than GH. Data are presented for changes in body-weight in cats treated with crude pituitary extracts or purified GH.

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