scholarly journals Radioimmunoassay for ovine, caprine and bovine prolactin in plasma and tissue extracts

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian D. Bryant ◽  
F. C. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Serial Samples

1. A radioimmunoassay for ovine prolactin is described based on the inhibition of the reaction between 131I-labelled ovine prolactin and guinea-pig or rabbit antiserum to ovine prolactin. The extent of the reaction after a 4-day incubation period is determined by chromatoelectrophoresis or by adsorption of unchanged 131I-labelled ovine prolactin on charcoal. The sensitivity is equal to 5·9ng. of prolactin/ml. of plasma with chromatoelectrophoresis, or 0·2ng. of prolactin/ml. of tissue extracts with the charcoal separation. 2. A complete cross-reaction demonstrated between ovine prolactin and caprine pituitary extracts allows the assay to be used to measure caprine prolactin. The partial cross-reactions between ovine prolactin and bovine prolactin and between ovine prolactin and bovine pituitary extract differ, and an alteration in the immunological activity of bovine prolactin during its isolation is suggested. Bovine prolactin in plasma may be measured against a bovine pituitary extract as standard. No cross-reactions were demonstrated with pituitary extracts from a number of other species. The extent of the contamination of ovine and bovine growth hormone preparations by their respective prolactins is shown. 3. Dilutions of ovine and caprine plasma inhibit the reaction between 131I-labelled ovine prolactin and antiserum with the same characteristics as ovine prolactin. 4. The immunoreactive material in plasma fractionates on Sephadex G-200 and in sucrose density gradients as a single peak similar to that shown by freshly dissolved ovine prolactin. There is no evidence that ovine prolactin is bound to a plasma protein. 5. By suppressing prolactin secretion and assaying serial samples of plasma thereafter it is shown that the immunological activity of the surviving hormone becomes progressively altered with time. It is suggested that this alteration is usually not detected but introduces an element of uncertainty into the quantitative but not the qualitative value of the measurements obtained by reference to standard ovine prolactin.

scholarly journals Bovine pituitary extract interferes with SARS‐CoV replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Jelesijevic ◽  
Elizabeth Uhl ◽  
Frank Michel ◽  
Robert Jeffrey Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract

scholarly journals Hypothesis: A Case of Multiple Autoimmune Disease, Lymphoid Proliferation and Hypogammaglobulinaemia

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SAGE ◽  
I. J. FORBES
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Disease And Disorders ◽  
Lymphoid Proliferation

Abstract A 75 year old woman who had had rheumatoid arthritis for 21 years and Sjögren’s syndrome for 12 years developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Antibodies to tissue extracts, erythrocytes, cell nuclei, and altered γ-globulin were detected in the serum, although the serum γ-globulin level was low. The bone marrow was densely infiltrated by lymphocytes having similar abnormalities to the circulating lymphocytes. Analysis of the proteins synthesized by the peripheral lymphocytes showed a relatively low output of immunoglobulins. The hemolytic process was controlled by azathioprine after unsuccessful treatment with prednisolone. A hypothesis is put forward to explain the not infrequent association of multiple autoimmune disorders, lymphoproliferative disease and disorders of immunoglobulin synthesis such as hypogammaglobulinemia and paraproteinemia. It is suggested that the disturbance of immunological function in such cases occurs at the site of recruitment for immunological activity in the peripheral lymphoid organs, constituting a disturbance of terminal immunological differentiation. The basic abnormality may, therefore, be found in the supporting cells of the lymphoid organs.

The role of prolactin in the reactivation of hair follicles in relation to moulting in cashmere goats

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dicks ◽  
A J F Russel ◽  
G A Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Abstract The effects of the suppression or elevation of plasma prolactin concentrations in spring on the timing of the reactivation of the hair follicles and the timing of the spring moult were investigated in cashmere goats. Thirty eight adult female goats, housed under conditions of natural photoperiod at 55°55′N from mid-December until May, were allocated to four groups starting on 5 January: ten served as untreated controls, eight received 2 mg ovine prolactin subcutaneously every 12 h for 7 weeks (PRL), twelve received 35 mg bromocriptine intramuscularly every 14 days for 17 weeks (BCR) and eight received injections of both ovine prolactin and bromocriptine at the above dose rates for 7 weeks (PRL+BCR). In the PRL group there was an earlier reactivation of the secondary hair follicles (PRL vs control, proportion of secondary follicles in anagen, weeks 1–5, P<0·01) associated with an earlier moult of secondary fibres (cashmere) but no significant difference in the activity of the primary hair follicles. In the BCR group there was a delay in the reactivation of both the secondary and primary hair follicles (BCR vs control, proportion of secondary and primary hair follicles in anagen, weeks 5–13, P<0·01) and a delay in the moult. In the PRL+BCR group there was an early reactivation and moult similar to the PRL group. Voluntary food intake (VFI) and liveweight were also measured. Only in the BCR group was there a decrease in VFI compared with the controls but with no effect on liveweight. It was concluded that the seasonal increase in prolactin secretion which normally occurs in spring is causally involved in the reactivation of primary and secondary hair follicles and moulting in cashmere goats. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 441–448

Human Saliva and Semen: Evidence for Proteins Common to Both Which Do Not Occur in Serum

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Eckersall ◽  
J. A. Beeley
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
The Cross

1. Rabbit antiserum to human whole saliva cross-reacts with both human serum and semen. After absorption of the antiserum by affinity chromatography on a column of immobilized serum protein, the cross-reactions with serum were eliminated. 2. The absorbed antiserum, however, still cross-reacted with semen thus indicating the presence of proteins with immunological similarity in both saliva and semen, but which did not occur in serum. 3. Some of these proteins clearly showed a reaction of complete immunological identity between saliva and semen. 4. The presence of the non-serum proteins in both saliva and semen might be related to common functions in both such as lubrication or antibacterial activity.

Enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase in serum and tissue extracts, and its application as a tumor marker.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Pollet ◽  
E J Nouwen ◽  
J B Schelstraete ◽  
J Renard ◽  
A Van de Voorde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

Abstract In this enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP; EC 3.1.3.1.) in serum and tissue extracts, polyclonal rabbit antiserum to mouse IgG2b is adsorbed to the wells of a microtiter plate, its excess binding sites are blocked, then it is incubated with murine monoclonal anti-hPLAP and mixed with serially diluted standard or sample antigen. The amount of antigen bound is determined by measuring its enzymic activity. The standard curve is linear for hPLAP concentrations of 0.2 to 1 U/L. The mean within-assay CV was 3.8% (SD 0.9%) for a serum sample and 6.1% (SD 3.0%) for a tissue extract. The respective mean between-assay CVs were: 6.7% (SD 2.0%), and 7.0% (SD 2.0%). Serum hPLAP concentrations, determined in four different dilutions, had a CV of 5.5%. We evaluated the method by standard additions and by comparing dilution curves for purified hPLAP, hPLAP in serum, and hPLAP in tissue extracts. The upper limit of activity in normal subjects was 0.1 U/L for serum samples, and 1.0 mU/g wet weight of tissue for tissue extracts. hPLAP activity was increased in 9.8% of all cancer patients, and in 40% of ovarian cancer patients. Almost half of the tumor biopsies were positive for hPLAP activity, and 94% of the biopsies from ovarian neoplasia had an increased activity of this isoenzyme. Of the nonmalignant tissues examined, normal lung tissue had the highest hPLAP activity.

CENTRAL NERVOUS CONTROL OF PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE RABBIT: EFFECT OF LOCAL OESTROGEN IMPLANTS IN THE AMYGDALOID COMPLEX

1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TINDAL ◽  
G. S. KNAGGS ◽  
A. TURVEY
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Female ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Basal Nucleus ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

SUMMARY Virgin female New Zealand White rabbits were made pseudopregnant by i.v. injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Seventy-six animals received bilateral implants of oestradiol monobenzoate in the amygdaloid complex and neighbouring regions of the brain on the 7th day of pseudopregnancy; 15 animals were given daily injections s.c. of 20 i.u. ovine prolactin from day 7 to 17, and 21 animals served as controls, four of which were implanted bilaterally with blank steel tubes on day 7. All animals were killed on day 18 of pseudopregnancy. At autopsy, lactogenic responses were present in 20 of the animals with implants. Lactogenesis occurred when oestrogen implants had been placed in the medial nucleus, in the central nucleus and in the basomedial part of the basal nucleus of the amygdala, as well as in the stria terminalis. It is suggested that the lactogenic responses may have been caused by oestrogen-sensitive neurones in the amygdala acting via the stria terminalis on the preoptic area and/or basal hypothalamus to cause the release of prolactin, and that the amygdala may play a role in the normal animal, via the hypothalamo-hypophysial system, in the modulation of the secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary.

scholarly journals 161EFFECT OF BOVINE PITUITARY EXTRACT ON HATCHING AND POST-HATCHING DEVELOPMENT OF IVP BOVINE EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Talbot ◽  
A.M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Bovine Pituitary Extract ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Further Development

The effect of bovine pituitary extract (BPE; BD Biosciences, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) on development of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts after Day 7 was studied. IVP embryos were produced from in vitro-matured COCs processed from local slaughterhouse ovaries or obtained from Bomed, Inc., Madison, WI, USA. The first 7 days of embryo culture following in vitro fertilization were in G1/G2 medium in 5%O2+5%CO2+90%N2. Embryos that had reached the compacted morula or early blastocyst stage on Day 7 (29% of total) were identified and randomly assigned to four media treatments (n=75/treatment, r=7). DMEM/199 medium (D2) or G2, each supplemented by the addition of BSA, insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS), were used with or without BPE at 30μgmL−1. Extended embryo culture was continued until Day 11. Further development was assessed by counting hatched blastocysts and measuring the size (cross-sectional index) and the number of cells per blastocyst. Size diameters of blastocysts ranged from 200μm to 400μm across treatments. Cell counts were performed by staining the fixed blastocysts with Hoechst 33342 and counting the nuclei of squashed blastocysts with a fluorescent microscope. The percentage of hatched blastocysts was significantly greater (P&lt;0.05) in G2 with BPE (63.7±6.8%) than in G2 alone (29.6±7.3%). D2 with BPE (59.3±6.8%) was not significantly different from D2 alone (56.8±7.9%). Area index gave similar results; G2+BPE (267±168) was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than G2 alone (76±28), and D2+BPE (192±139) and D2 alone (155±106) were not different. Cell number gave similar results (P&lt;0.05); G2+BPE (303±164), G2 alone (123±47), D2+BPE (254±166) and D2 alone (233±120). A second experiment randomly assigned 7 day embryos (33% of total) to extended culture in G2 or D2 medium with or without irradiated STO feeder cells and under either 5% O2 or 20% O2 (n=49/treatment, r=5). All treatments contained BPE and a layer of agarose. Hatched blastocysts were counted on Day 11 and percentages were not different (P&lt;0.05) for both media without STO in low O2 (G2=75±12 %; D2=67±8%) and in air (G2=82±19%; D2=83±11%). Hatching was not different (P&lt;0.05) with STO in both media in air (G2=73±10%; D2=68±15%), but was significantly reduced (P&lt;0.05) when STO was combined with low oxygen (G2=28±14%; D2=4±6%). Further culture to 18 days was completed, but many of the embryos collapsed by Day 12 and thereafter grew as lobed bodies and occasionally attached to each other. By 18 days a few embryos continued uncomplicated growth, however, and were composed of as many as 6900 cells. These results indicate that promotion of in vitro bovine blastocyst development in a minimal medium such as G2 requires BPE while a more complex medium, D2, supports further development without BPE. STO feeder cells in combination with low oxygen culture was inhibitory to blastocyst hatching and survival.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document