scholarly journals Commercial Batch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Batch

scholarly journals Effects of copper and zinc sources and inclusion levels of copper on weanling pig performance and intestinal microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Villagómez-Estrada ◽  
José F Pérez ◽  
Laila Darwich ◽  
Anna Vidal ◽  
Sandra van Kuijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A 42-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn source and Cu level on pig performance, mineral status, bacterial modulation, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolates of Enterococcus spp. At weaning, 528 pigs (5.9 ± 0.50 kg) were allotted to 48 pens of a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two Cu and Zn sources (SF: sulfate and HCl: hydroxychloride) and two Cu levels (15 and 160 mg/kg). As a challenge, the pigs were reared in dirty pens used by a previous commercial batch. Two-phase diets were offered: the pre-starter (PS) phase from day 1 to 14 and the starter phase (ST) from day 14 to 42. At days 14 and 42, pigs were individually weighed and blood samples from one pig per pen were taken. At the end of the experiment, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect the samples. Feeding high levels of Cu increased body weight (BW) from 16.6 to 17.7 kg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, average daily gain, gain to feed (G:F) ratio, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and mineral status were enhanced with Cu at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05) compared with Cu at 15 mg/kg. There was no effect of the interaction between source × level on any of the growth performance responses except for ADFI (P = 0.004) and G:F (P = 0.029) at the end of the ST period and for G:F (P = 0.006) for entire nursery period (day 0 to 42). At the end of the ST period, pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl had not only higher ADFI but also lower G:F than those fed Cu as SF at 160 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for the entire nursery period, G:F did not differ between pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl or SF. In colonic digesta, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, among others, decreased (P-adjust < 0.05), while Lachnospira and Roseburia tended (P-adjust < 0.10) to increase in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl compared with those fed Cu SF at 160 mg/kg. An increase (P-adjust < 0.05) in Methanosphaera and Roseburia was observed in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg. From colon digesta, Enterococcus spp. was isolated in 40 samples, being E. faecalis the most dominating (65%) regardless of the experimental diet. Genes of ermB (7.5%) and tetM (5%) were identified. No genes for Cu (tcrB) or vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2) were detected. In conclusion, European Union permissible levels of Cu (160 mg/kg), of both sources, were able to increase performance, mineral status, and bacterial modulation compared with nutritional level. Different effects on growth performance, mineral tissue content, and microbial modulation were observed between Cu and Zn sources.

Isolation of citroylformic acid-γ-lactone from a commercial batch of oxaloacetic acid: Inhibition of apotyrosine aminotransferase conversion to holoenzyme by this substance

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-691
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Johnson ◽  
Albert Grossman ◽  
Amal Boctor ◽  
Leo Kesner ◽  
Jean D'Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Inhibition ◽  
Oxaloacetic Acid ◽  
Commercial Batch

Evaluation of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Foil for Advanced Recuperators

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Pint ◽  
Michael P. Brady ◽  
Yukinori Yamamoto ◽  
Michael L. Santella ◽  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Oxidation Testing ◽  
Thick Foil

A corrosion- and creep-resistant austenitic stainless steel has been developed for advanced recuperator applications. By optimizing the Al and Cr contents, the alloy is fully austenitic for creep strength while allowing the formation of a chemically-stable external alumina scale at temperatures up to 900°C. An alumina scale eliminates long-term problems with the formation of volatile Cr oxy-hydroxides in the presence of water vapor in exhaust gas. As a first step in producing foil for primary surface recuperators, three commercially cast heats have been rolled to ∼100μm thick foil in the laboratory to evaluate performance in creep and oxidation testing. Results from initial creep testing are presented at 675° and 750°C showing excellent creep strength compared to other candidate foil materials. Laboratory exposures in humid air at 650°-800°C have shown acceptable oxidation resistance. Similar oxidation behavior was observed for sheet specimens of these alloys exposed in a modified 65kW microturbine for 2,871h. One composition that showed superior creep and oxidation resistance has been selected for preparation of a commercial batch of foil.

Run Parameters for a Continuous Hydrogenation Process Using ACMC-Pd To Replace Commercial Batch Reactor Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Gulotty ◽  
Stephanie Rish ◽  
Andrew Boyd ◽  
Lee Mitchell ◽  
Scott Plageman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Continuous Hydrogenation

Automated Technology for Performing Flow-Chemistry at Elevated Temperature and Pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildiko Kovacs ◽  
Richard V. Jones ◽  
Krisztian Niesz ◽  
Csaba Csajagi ◽  
Bernadett Borcsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immobilized Reagents ◽  
Automated Technology ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Commercial Batch

Over the past few years, a series of novel microfluidic-based instruments were developed by ThalesNano, Inc. to carry out dangerous and difficult to perform chemical reactions in a safe and fast manner, resulting in superior performance to what commercial batch reactors could provide. Importance of microfluidic devices is continuously raising, as seen there are more and more publications, applications and devices in this field expanding the borders of chemistry. Furthermore, as one of the main advantages for pharmaceutical applications, these new revolutionary reactors allow the fast, on-the-fly mode optimization of different heterogeneous reactions in a high-throughput fashion. The heart of the reactor systems is the actual reactor bed, called the CatCart system. CatCarts allow easy handling of heterogeneous catalyst or immobilized reagents without further purification of products. In addition, the shoe-box size of these reactors makes them available from laboratories to industrial applications.

scholarly journals Effect of On-Farm Commercial Batch Pasteurization of Colostrum on Colostrum and Serum Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Dairy Calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Godden ◽  
S. Smith ◽  
J.M. Feirtag ◽  
L.R. Green ◽  
S.J. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
On Farm

Evaluation of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Foil for Advanced Recuperators

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Pint ◽  
Michael P. Brady ◽  
Yukinori Yamamoto ◽  
Michael L. Santella ◽  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Oxidation Testing ◽  
Thick Foil

A corrosion- and creep-resistant austenitic stainless steel has been developed for advanced recuperator applications. By optimizing the Al and Cr contents, the alloy is fully austenitic for creep strength while allowing the formation of a chemically stable external alumina scale at temperatures up to 900°C. An alumina scale eliminates long-term problems with the formation of volatile Cr oxy-hydroxides in the presence of water vapor in exhaust gas. As a first step in producing foil for primary surface recuperators, three commercially cast heats have been rolled to ∼100 μm thick foil in the laboratory to evaluate performance in creep and oxidation testing. Results from initial creep testing are presented at 675°C and 750°C, showing excellent creep strength compared with other candidate foil materials. Laboratory exposures in humid air at 650–800°C have shown acceptable oxidation resistance. A similar oxidation behavior was observed for sheet specimens of these alloys exposed in a modified 65 kW microturbine for 2871 h. One composition that showed superior creep and oxidation resistance has been selected for the preparation of a commercial batch of foil.

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