Run Parameters for a Continuous Hydrogenation Process Using ACMC-Pd To Replace Commercial Batch Reactor Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Gulotty ◽  
Stephanie Rish ◽  
Andrew Boyd ◽  
Lee Mitchell ◽  
Scott Plageman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Commercial Batch ◽  
Continuous Hydrogenation

Synthetic Rubber from Acetylene. III. The Preparation of Butadiene by Catalytic Hydrogenation Of Monovinylacetylene in the Gaseous Phase

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
Zyunzi Hurukawa ◽  
Kôhei Nakaguti
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Hydrogenation Process ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Continuous Hydrogenation

Abstract Of the various technical methods for the preparation of butadiene from monovinylacetylene, the present authors chose to make first of all a thorough investigation of the continuous hydrogenation process, utilizing gaseous monovinylacetylene with various catalysts. As a result of this work the following conclusions were reached. The chief fault of this continuous hydrogenation process lies in the fact that, in addition to butadiene, large quantities of butene and oily polymerization products of monovinylacetylene are formed, as a result of which the yield of butadiene is small. This disadvantageous course of the reaction is attributable to the great heat of reaction which is evolved locally on the surface of the catalyst. In the experiments carried out by the present authors, the chief efforts were directed toward overcoming this drawback. As may be seen in Table II, a series of experiments were carried out with palladium as catalyst, which was used with excess carrier having a low heat conductivity, e. g., diatomaceous earth and Japanese acidic earth. This catalyst was expected to have a weakening effect on the activity, for this effect is very pronounced in the hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. In the present case, however, the results were unsatisfactory; dilution of the reaction gas with water vapor, a change in the gas current, and a change in the proportion of hydrogen to monovinylacetylene, were all tried. The maximum yield of butadiene at 80° C was 33.7 per cent, based on the monovinylacetylene.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using nanopillars-TiO2 thin films: Batch reactor studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lalhriatpuia
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Interfering Ions

Nanopillars-TiO2 thin films was obtained on a borosilicate glass substrate with (S1) and without (S2) polyethylene glycol as template. The photocatalytic behaviour of S1 and S2 thin films was assessed inthe degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under batch reactor operations. The thin films were characterized by the SEM, XRD, FTIR and AFM analytical methods. BET specific surface area and pore sizes were also obtained. The XRD data confirmed that the TiO2 particles are in its anatase mineral phase. The SEM and AFM images indicated the catalyst is composed with nanosized pillars of TiO2, evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The BET specific surface area and pore sizes of S1 and S2 catalyst were found to be 5.217 and 1.420 m2/g and 7.77 and 4.16 nm respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was well studied at wide range of physico-chemical parameters. The effect of solution pH (pH 4.0 to 10.0) and MB initial concentration (1.0 to 10.0 mg/L) was extensively studied and the effect of several interfering ions, i.e., cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, glycine, oxalic acid and EDTA in the photocatalytic degradation of MB was demonstrated. The maximum percent removal of MB was observed at pH 8.0 beyond which it started decreasing and a low initial concentration of the pollutant highly favoured the photocatalytic degradation using thin films and the presence of several interfering ions diminished the photocatalytic activity of thin films to some extent. The overall photocatalytic activity was in the order: S2 > S1 > UV. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The mineralization of MB was studied with total organic carbon measurement using the TOC (total organic carbon) analysis.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

Peranan BOD biosensor untuk proses optimasi pengolahan limbah sintetik di SBR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand

Sebuah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi peranan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) biosensor dalam proses optimasi proses pengolahan nutrien karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOD biosensor dapat dipergunakan untuk penentuan karbon organik, sehingga reduksi siklus SBR dapat dilakukan dan efisiensi proses meningkat. Pola konsumsi karbon organik ditemukan dengan adanya ‘tanda diam’ pada fase anoksik/ anaerobik, di mana dari tanda ini, fase aerobik dapat segera dimulai. Reduksi durasi siklus SBR dari 8 jam menjadi 4 jam meningkatkan efiesiensi pengolahan C, N dan P yang meningkat pula (hampir dua kali lebih tinggi).

Revisiting Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid over Amberlyst-35 via Statistically Designed Experiments: Overcoming Transport Limitations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Gabriel Baldovino Medrano ◽  
Karen V. Caballero ◽  
Hernando Guerrero-Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Glycerol Esterification

Turnover rates for glycerol esterification with acetic acid over Amberlyst-35 were measured under different temperatures, reactants and active sites concentrations, and catalyst particle sizes. Data were collected in a batch reactor. Experiments were done following a sequence of factorial experimental designs.

Modular Simulation to Determine the Optimal Operating Policy of a Batch Reactor for the Enzymatic Fructose Reduction to Mannitol with the in situ Continuous Enzymatic Regeneration of the NAD Cofactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2196-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Crisan ◽  
Gheorghe Maria
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Mannitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Operating Policy ◽  
Enzymatic Reduction ◽  
Optimal Operating Policy

Novel coupled enzymatic systems reported important applications in the industrial bio-catalysis. Multi-enzymatic reactions can successfully replace complex chemical syntheses, using milder reaction conditions, and generating less waste. For such systems acting simultaneously, the model-based engineering calculations (design, reactor operation optimization) are difficult tasks, because they must account for interacting reactions, differences in enzymes optimal activity domains and deactivation kinetics. The determination of the optimal operating mode (enzyme ratios, enzyme feeding policy, temperature, pH) often turns into a difficult multi-objective optimization problem with multiple constraints to be solved for every particular system. The paper focuses on applying a modular screening procedure that can identify the optimal operating policy of an enzymatic reactor, which minimizes the enzyme consumption, given the process kinetic model, and an imposed production capacity. Following an optimization procedure, the process effectiveness is evaluated in a systematic approach, by including simple batch reactor (BR), batch with intermittent addition of the key-enzyme following certain optimal policies (BRP). Exemplification is made for the case of the enzymatic reduction of D-fructose to mannitol by using suspended MDH (mannitol dehydrogenase) and NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) cofactor, with the in-situ continuous regeneration of the cofactor by the expense of formate degradation in the presence of suspended FDH (Formate dehydrogenase).

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