Drug Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE OF “BIOSOLBI” DRUG

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Purebred Dogs

The article presents the results of a study of the "Bisolbi" drug toxicity (powder of light ash color, poorly soluble in water). When it is mixed with water it forms a suspension of particles that settle rapidly. Values of acute drug toxicity were determined on rats. We studied groups of six animals of the same sex, as well as similar control ones. The "Bisolbi" drug was injected to white rats intragastrically, males weighing 310 ... 320 g in doses of 2500 and 2740 mg / kg. Each dose was used in six animals; distilled water (3 ml) was used for the controls. The LD50 was calculated by the probit analysis method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon modified by Z. Roth. When administered orally, an atraumatic metal probe was immersed in the stomach. Within 14 days monitored the overall health status and behavior of animals, the manifestation or absence of symptoms of intoxication; noted the features of feed and water ingestion, assessed the condition of the coat, physiological functions. Then groups of experimental rats were euthanized and pathomorphologically examined. We studied the effect of "Bisolbi" with repeated introduction and on not purebred dogs. Two groups of 3-4 years of age were completed with an average initial body weight of 13.63 ... 15.11 kg. Before use, the additive was thoroughly mixed with feed. The drug was injected during 31 days at a dose of 0.5 g / kg. Dogs of the control group (three) were fed wheat flour. After 15 and 31 days in laboratory animals in order to characterize the general condition in the blood, the amount of protein, urea, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol were determined. Based on studies it was found that the drug daily application by animals, is low toxic and safe, does not provoke the development of pathological reactions. According to the Hodge and Sterner classification "Bisolbi" can be attributed to the 6th class of toxicity - relatively harmless. Accordingto GOST 12.1.007-76 LD50 of the drug is more than 151 mg / kg, but less than 5000 mg / kg it is the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous).

Present trends in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montané ◽  
Karolina Matulewicz ◽  
Karolina Balik ◽  
Paulina Modrakowska ◽  
Marcin Łuczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract Different nanomedicine devices that were developed during the recent years can be suitable candidates for their application in the treatment of various deadly diseases such as cancer. From all the explored devices, the nanoencapsulation of several anticancer medicines is a very promising approach to overcome some drawbacks of traditional medicines: administered dose of the drugs, drug toxicity, low solubility of drugs, uncontrolled drug delivery, resistance offered by the physiological barriers in the body to drugs, among others. In this chapter, the most important and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer medicines is examined: methods of preparation of distinct nanoparticles (inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, biopolymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and hybrid nanoparticles), drug loading and drug release mechanisms. Furthermore, the possible applications in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and cancer therapy of some of these nanoparticles have been highlighted.

scholarly journals Recurrent myocarditis in a patient with active ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000587
Author(s):  
Giacomo Caio ◽  
Lisa Lungaro ◽  
Fabio Caputo ◽  
Maria Muccinelli ◽  
Maria Caterina Marcello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Active Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC) may be complicated by several extraintestinal manifestations. These involve joints, skin, eyes and less commonly lungs and heart. Myocarditis may result from the toxic effect of drugs (ie, mesalazine) commonly used for the treatment of UC or due to infections (eg, Coxsackieviruses, enteroviruses, adenovirus). Here, we report a case of a 26-year old man affected by UC and complicated by two episodes of myocarditis. Both episodes occurred during two severe exacerbations of UC. However, in both cases the aetiology of myocarditis remains uncertain being ascribable to extraintestinal manifestation, drug toxicity or both.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer as Analytic Targets for Nanomediated Imaging and Therapy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3083
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maria Grapa ◽  
Lucian Mocan ◽  
Dana Crisan ◽  
Mira Florea ◽  
Teodora Mocan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Chemotherapy Response ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Tumor Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Ability

As the increase in therapeutic and imaging technologies is swiftly improving survival chances for cancer patients, pancreatic cancer (PC) still has a grim prognosis and a rising incidence. Practically everything distinguishing for this type of malignancy makes it challenging to treat: no approved method for early detection, extended asymptomatic state, limited treatment options, poor chemotherapy response and dense tumor stroma that impedes drug delivery. We provide a narrative review of our main findings in the field of nanoparticle directed treatment for PC, with a focus on biomarker targeted delivery. By reducing drug toxicity, increasing their tumor accumulation, ability to modulate tumor microenvironment and even improve imaging contrast, it seems that nanotechnology may one day give hope for better outcome in pancreatic cancer. Further conjugating nanoparticles with biomarkers that are overexpressed amplifies the benefits mentioned, with potential increase in survival and treatment response.

scholarly journals Advances in Nano-Enabled Platforms for the Treatment of Depression

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Fadzai P. Mutingwende ◽  
Pierre P. D. Kondiah ◽  
Philemon Ubanako ◽  
Thashree Marimuthu ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Nanotechnology has aided in the advancement of drug delivery for the treatment of several neurological disorders including depression. Depression is a relatively common mental disorder which is characterized by a severe imbalance of neurotransmitters. Several current therapeutic regimens against depression display drawbacks which include low bioavailability, delayed therapeutic outcome, undesirable side effects and drug toxicity due to high doses. The blood–brain barrier limits the entry of the drugs into the brain matrix, resulting in low bioavailability and tissue damage due to drug accumulation. Due to their size and physico-chemical properties, nanotechnological drug delivery systems present a promising strategy to enhance the delivery of nanomedicines into the brain matrix, thereby improving bioavailability and limiting toxicity. Furthermore, ligand-complexed nanocarriers can improve drug specificity and antidepressant efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. Biopolymers and nanocarriers can also be employed to enhance controlled drug release and reduce the hepatic first-pass effect, hence reducing the dosing frequency. This manuscript reviews recent advances in different biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and other nanocarriers, for targeted antidepressant drug delivery to the brain. It probes nano-based strategies that can be employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants through the oral, intranasal, and parenteral routes of administration.

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