scholarly journals Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer as Analytic Targets for Nanomediated Imaging and Therapy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3083
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maria Grapa ◽  
Lucian Mocan ◽  
Dana Crisan ◽  
Mira Florea ◽  
Teodora Mocan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Chemotherapy Response ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Tumor Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Ability

As the increase in therapeutic and imaging technologies is swiftly improving survival chances for cancer patients, pancreatic cancer (PC) still has a grim prognosis and a rising incidence. Practically everything distinguishing for this type of malignancy makes it challenging to treat: no approved method for early detection, extended asymptomatic state, limited treatment options, poor chemotherapy response and dense tumor stroma that impedes drug delivery. We provide a narrative review of our main findings in the field of nanoparticle directed treatment for PC, with a focus on biomarker targeted delivery. By reducing drug toxicity, increasing their tumor accumulation, ability to modulate tumor microenvironment and even improve imaging contrast, it seems that nanotechnology may one day give hope for better outcome in pancreatic cancer. Further conjugating nanoparticles with biomarkers that are overexpressed amplifies the benefits mentioned, with potential increase in survival and treatment response.

Development of Drug Targeting and Delivery in Cervical Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Aggarwal ◽  
Amit Kumar Goyal ◽  
Goutam Rath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Standard treatment options available for cervical cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy associated with their own side effects and toxicities. Tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs is perhaps one of the most appropriate strategies to achieve optimal outcomes from the treatment and improve the quality of life. Recently nanocarriers based drug delivery systems owing to their unique properties have been extensively investigated for anticancer drug delivery. In addition to that addressing the anatomical significance of cervical cancer, various local drug delivery strategies for the cancer treatment are introduced like: gels, nanoparticles, polymeric films, rods and wafers, lipid based nanocarrier. Localized drug delivery systems allow passive drug targeting results in high drug concentration at the target site. Further they can be tailor made to achieve both sustained and controlled release behavior, substantially improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects. This review summarizes the meaningful advances in drug delivery strategies to treat cervical cancer.

scholarly journals An update on treatment options for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175883591987556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Lambert ◽  
Lilian Schwarz ◽  
Ivan Borbath ◽  
Aline Henry ◽  
Jean-Luc Van Laethem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
T Cell Transfer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal solid organ tumors. Due to the rising incidence, late diagnosis, and limited treatment options, it is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths in high income countries in the next decade. The multidisciplinary treatment of this disease depends on the stage of cancer at diagnosis (resectable, borderline, locally advanced, and metastatic disease), and combines surgery, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and supportive care. The landscape of multidisciplinary pancreatic cancer treatment is changing rapidly, especially in locally advanced disease, and the number of treatment options in metastatic disease, including personalized medicine, innovative targets, immunotherapy, therapeutic vaccines, adoptive T-cell transfer, or stemness inhibitors, will probably expand in the near future. This review summarizes the current literature and provides an overview of how new therapies or new therapeutic strategies (neoadjuvant therapies, conversion surgery) will guide multidisciplinary disease management, future clinical trials, and, hopefully, will increase overall survival.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer: Pathobiology, Treatment Options, and Drug Delivery

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
M. Guillaume Wientjes ◽  
Jessie L.-S. Au
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options

scholarly journals Elucidating the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5669
Author(s):  
Akbar Lulu Marzan ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This dismal survival rate can be attributed to several factors including insufficient diagnostics, rapid metastasis and chemoresistance. To identify new treatment options for improved patient outcomes, it is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are critical players in pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance. In addition, extracellular vesicles also have the potential to serve as promising biomarkers, therapeutic targets and drug delivery tools for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we aim to summarise the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, metabolic dysfunction and chemoresistance, and discuss their potential roles as biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles for treatment of pancreatic cancer.

DDRE-21. LOMUSTINE AND TARGETED-CYTOKINE THERAPY: A BENEFICIAL LIAISON FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi78-vi79
Author(s):  
Tobias Weiss ◽  
Thomas Look ◽  
Emanuele Puca ◽  
Roberto De Luca ◽  
Teresa Hemmerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Ongoing Phase

Abstract Treatment options for recurrent glioblastoma are limited and except from regorafenib (potentially), no other agent has demonstrated superior activity to lomustine. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies for recurrent glioblastoma. We investigated the combination of lomustine or bevacizumab that are frequently used for recurrent glioblastoma with L19TNF (onfekafusp alfa), a systemically administered tumor-stroma targeting antibody-cytokine fusion protein that enables a targeted delivery of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)a to the tumor. In immunocompetent orthotopic glioma mouse models, the combination of lomustine and L19TNF demonstrated the strongest anti-tumor activity, acted in synergy and cured a majority of tumor-bearing mice, whereas lomustine or L19TNF monotherapy only had only very limited anti-tumor activity. Ex vivo profiling of the tumors and tumor-infiltrating immune cells from immunocompetent or immunodeficient hosts demonstrated immune-dependent cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on the glioma cells, and a strong increase of tumor-infiltrating immune cells upon combination therapy in immunocompetent models. Based on these encouraging results, we translate this combinatorial therapy to patients with recurrent glioblastoma. For the first patients, the treatment with lomustine and L19TNF was well tolerated and led to stable disease with a reduction in tumor perfusion. More patients are recruited in an ongoing phase I/II clinical trial with lomustine and L19TNF for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (NCT04573192).

Recent advancements for the management of pancreatic cancer: Current Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naureen Ali ◽  
Nimisha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Therapy

: One of the fatal forms of cancer includes cancer of the pancreas. Most rapid malignancy is observed in PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). The high lethality rate is generally due to very late diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Desmoplastic stromal barrier results in resistance to immunotherapy. Other reasons for the high lethality rate include the absence of effective treatment and standard screening tests. Hence there is a need for effective novel carrier systems. “A formulation, method, or device that allows the desired therapeutic substance to reach its site of action in such a manner that nontarget cells experience minimum effect is referred to as a drug delivery system.” The delivery system is responsible for introducing the active component into the body. They are also liable for boosting the efficacy and desirable targeted action on the tumorous tissues. Several studies, research, and developments have yielded various advanced drug delivery systems, which include liposomes, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubules, renovoCath, etc. These systems control rate and location of the release. They are designed while taking into consideration of characteristic properties of the tumor and tumor stroma. These delivery systems overcome the barriers in drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer. Alongside providing palliative benefits, these delivery systems also aim to correct the underlying reason for the defect. The following review article aims and focuses on bringing out a brief idea about systems, methods, and technologies for futuristic drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer therapy.

Development and Characterization Colchicine-Loaded PEGylated Gelatin Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery to Tumor

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2058-2063
Author(s):  
G D Chandrethiya ◽  
P K Shelat ◽  
M N Zaveri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Gelatin Nanoparticles

PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles loaded with colchicine were prepared by ethanol precipitation method. Poly-(ethylene glycol)-5000-monomethylether (MPEG 5000), a hydrophilic polymer, was used to pegylate gelatin.  Gluteraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. To obtain a high quality product, major formulation parameters were optimized.  Spherical particles with mean particles of 193 nm were measured by a Malvern particle size analyzer. Entrapment efficiency was found to be 71.7 ± 1.4% and determined with reverse phase high performance liquid charomatography (RP-HPLC). The in vitro drug release study was performed by dialysis bag method for a period of 168 hours. Lyophilizaton study showed sucrose at lower concentrations proved the best cryoprotectant for this formulation.  Stability study revealed that lyophilized nanoparticles were equally effective (p < 0.05) after one year of storage at 2-8°C with ambient humidity. In vitro antitumoral activity was accessed using the MCF-7 cell line by MTT assay.  The IC50 value was found to be 0.034 μg/ml for the prepared formulation. The results indicate that PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles could be utilized as a potential drug delivery for targeted drug delivery of tumors.  

Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Topotecan Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells with Folate-targeted Topotecan Liposomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 902-909
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhang ◽  
Weiyue Shi ◽  
Gangqiang Xue ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Haixin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells

Background: Among all cancers, lung cancer has high mortality among patients in most of the countries in the world. Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly reduce the side effects and dramatically improve the effects of the treatment. Folate, a suitable ligand, can be modified to the surface of tumor-selective drug delivery systems because it can selectively bind to the folate receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of lung tumor cells. Objective: This study aimed to construct a kind of folate-targeted topotecan liposomes for investigating their efficacy and mechanism of action in the treatment of lung cancer in preclinical models. Methods: We conjugated topotecan liposomes with folate, and the liposomes were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity to A549 cells and in vitro release profile. Technical evaluations were performed on lung cancer A549 cells and xenografted A549 cancer cells in female nude mice, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug were evaluated in female SD rats. Results: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes were proven to show effectiveness in targeting lung tumors. The anti-tumor effects of these liposomes were demonstrated by the decreased tumor volume and improved therapeutic efficacy. The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes also lengthened the topotecan blood circulation time. Conclusion: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes are effective drug delivery systems and can be easily modified with folate, enabling the targeted liposomes to deliver topotecan to lung cancer cells and kill them, which could be used as potential carriers for lung chemotherapy.

Nano Drug Delivery in Treatment of Oral Cancer, A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandita Kakkar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Verma ◽  
Komal Saini ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Hereditary Disorders

Oral Cancer (OC) is a serious and growing problem which constitutes a huge burden on people in more and less economically developed countries alike. The scenario is clearly depicted from the increase in the expected number of new cases in the US diagnosed with OC from 49,670 people in 2016, to 49,750 cases in 2017. The situation is even more alarming in India, with 75,000 to 80,000 new cases being reported every year, thus making it the OC capital of the world. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, discoid lupus erythmatosus, hereditary disorders such as dyskeratosis congenital and epidermolisys bullosa are highlighted by WHO expert working group as the predisposing factors increasing the risk of OC. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol, genetic factors, and human papilloma virus are assigned as the factors contributing to the aetiology of OC. On the other hand, pathogenesis of OC involves not only apoptosis but also pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. Inspite of current treatment options (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), OC is often associated with recurrence and formation of secondary primary tumours resulting in poor overall survival rates (∼50%). The intervention of nano technology-based drug delivery systems as therapeutics for cancers is often viewed as a cutting edge for technologists. Though ample literature on the usefulness of nano-coutured cancer therapeutics, rarely any product is in pipeline. Yet, despite all the hype about nanotechnology, there are few ongoing trials. This review discusses the current and future trends of nano-based drug delivery for the treatment of OC.

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