scholarly journals Renal Clearance to Total Clearance Ratio Measurement After Oral Dosing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Oral Dosing

scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

Chronic hyperamylasemia and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jacobs ◽  
J C Jennette ◽  
R A Reavis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Epithelial Cysts

Abstract A 54-year-old woman with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and pyelonephritis developed persistent hyperamylasemia with transient increases in the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Even though chronic pancreatitis was suspected clinically, at postmortem examination the pancreas was found to be normal. We suggest that the hyperamylasemia resulted from entry into the circulation of amylase produced within sequestered endosalpingeal epithelial cysts, possibly amplified by impaired renal clearance. Thus, the potential of the serum amylase assay as a sign of serous ovarian tumors is further indicated.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Boldine in Control and Mrp2-Deficient Rats

2016 ◽  
pp. S489-S497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CERMANOVA ◽  
A. PRASNICKA ◽  
E. DOLEZELOVA ◽  
L. ROZKYDALOVA ◽  
M. HROCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Clearance Study

The aim of the present study was to describe the currently poorly understood pharmacokinetics (PK) of boldine in control rats (LW, Lewis rats), and Mrp2 transporter-deficient rats (TR-). Animals from the LW and TR- groups underwent a bolus dose study with 10 mg/kg of boldine applied either orally or intravenously in order to evaluate the major PK parameters. The TR- rats demonstrated significantly reduced total clearance with prolonged biological half-life (LW 12±4.6 versus TR- 20±4.4 min), decreased volume of distribution (LW 3.2±0.4 l/kg versus TR- 2.4±0.4 l/kg) and reduced bioavailability (LW 7 % versus TR- 4.5 %). Another set of LW and TR- rats were used for a clearance study with continuous intravenous administration of boldine. The LW rats showed that biliary and renal clearance formed less than 2 % of the total clearance of boldine. The treatment of samples with β glucuronidase showed at least a 38 % contribution of conjugation reactions to the overall clearance of boldine. The TR- rats demonstrated reduced biliary clearance of boldine and its conjugates, which was partly compensated by their increased renal clearance. In conclusion, this study presents the PK parameters of boldine and shows the importance of the Mrp2 transporter and conjugation reactions in the elimination of the compound.

Two- versus 24-hour infusion of cisplatin: pharmacokinetic considerations.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Reece ◽  
I Stafford ◽  
R L Abbott ◽  
C Anderson ◽  
J Denham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Cancer ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Poor Relationship ◽  
Unchanged Cisplatin

The disposition of unchanged cisplatin was compared after two- and 24-hour intravenous (IV) infusion to eight patients with germ cell cancer (dose, 100 mg/m2), 14 patients with head and neck cancer (dose, seven patients 50 mg/m2; seven patients, 100 mg/m2). Patients were randomized to receive either a two- or 24-hour infusion in the first course of treatment and the reverse in the second course. Cisplatin renal clearance, total clearance, and the percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in urine were significantly lower with the longer infusion. Total clearance was 345 +/- 97.0 mL/min/m2 after the two-hour infusion and 268 +/- 70.7 mL/min/m2 after the 24-hour infusion (P less than .0001). Renal clearance was 79.1 +/- 35.3 mL/min/m2 and 34.1 +/- 14.9 mL/min/m2 (P less than .0001). The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in urine was 22.9 +/- 6.5% and 12.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively (P less than .0001). The ratio of cisplatin renal clearance to creatinine clearance was 1.95 +/- .96 after the two-hour infusion and .90 +/- .40 after the 24-hour infusion (P less than .001). There was only a poor relationship between cisplatin renal clearance and creatinine clearance after a two-hour infusion (r2 = .05, P greater than .1) or 24-hour infusion (r2 = .18, P greater than .05). The severity of emesis was graded on a four-point scale and was significantly less with the 24-hour infusion than with the two-hour infusion (P less than .05). Twenty-four-hour infusion of cisplatin resulted in greater drug retention in patients due to reduced renal clearance, but was also associated with reduced emetic toxicity, probably as a result of lower peak plasma levels.

scholarly journals Contribution of Renal and Non-Renal Clearance on Increased Total Clearance of Adalimumab in Glomerular Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney V. Roberts ◽  
Isidro Susano ◽  
Debbie S. Gipson ◽  
Howard Trachtman ◽  
Melanie S. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Disease ◽  
Total Clearance

MO703URINE VOLUME AS A MARKER OF RESIDUAL KIDNEY FUNCTION IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Pinto ◽  
Malgorzata Debowska ◽  
Rafael Gomez ◽  
Jacek Waniewski ◽  
Bengt Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Renal Clearances

Abstract Background and Aims In dialysis patients, urine volume is an easy-to-obtain marker of residual kidney function but information is lacking of its potential value as an estimate of the renal contribution to total clearance of small solutes. We explored whether correlations of urine volume with different estimations of the residual renal function for urea, creatinine, and phosphorus, could be used to assess renal solute clearances and renal mass removal for investigated solutes. Method In an observational study of 94 non-anuric (urine output ≥ 100 mL per 24 hours) patients (54% men, median age 59 [45 - 68] year, BMI 25.8 [21.4 - 27.7] kg/m2) undergoing automated (n = 59) or continuous ambulatory (n = 35) peritoneal dialysis (PD), we evaluated renal, peritoneal and total (renal plus peritoneal) solute removal (g/week) and clearance (L/week) in relation to urine volume (L/day). Urine volume, renal clearances, ratio of urine solute to serum solute concentration, removed mass of each solute and the ratio of mass removed by urine (renal clearance) over total mass removed by urine and dialysate (total clearance) for urea, creatinine and phosphorus were estimated from 24 h collections of urine and dialysate and determination of solute concentrations in serum, urine and dialysate. Statistical dependence between variables was tested using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho). Data are expressed as median with interquartile range. Results Median 24-hour urine output was 560 [323 – 938] mL. Renal mass removal for urea, creatinine and phosphorus was 10.1 [4.5 – 17.1], 3.5 [1.8 – 5.6] and 1.0 [0.4 – 1.7] g/week, respectively. The average contribution of residual renal removal to the total mass removed was 28% [17% - 41%] for urea, 56% [30% - 72%] for creatinine and 44% [24% - 58%] for phosphorus. Serum creatinine correlated weakly and negatively with urine volume (rho = -0.26, p < 0.05), but no such relationship was observed for urea and phosphorus. Only urine concentration of creatinine correlated weakly with urine volume with rho = -0.28 and p < 0.01. Urine concentration over plasma concentration did not correlate with urine volume for any solute. Renal urea clearance (20.1 [11.4 - 35.7] L/week) correlated positively with creatinine renal clearance (43.0 [18.9 - 75.1] L/week), (rho = 0.92), and with phosphorus renal clearance (17.3 [7.6 - 32.9] L/week), (rho = 0.89, p < 0.001; Fig. 1A), while renal creatinine clearance correlated positively with phosphorus renal clearance (rho = 0.86, p<0.001). Urine volume correlated positively with urea, creatinine and phosphorus clearances at rho 0.78, 0.63 and 0.73, respectively (all p< 0.001), and with renal removal of mass of urea, creatinine, and phosphorus with rho= 0.83, 0.68 and 0.74 (Fig. 1B), respectively; all p<0.001. Conclusion In PD patients, solute renal clearances and renal mass removal for urea, creatinine and phosphorus may be predicted from urine volume. Among renal clearances for urea, creatinine, and phosphorus two of them may be assessed based on measurements of the third one.

scholarly journals The contribution of apixaban renal clearance to total clearance

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Frost ◽  
Rebecca A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Total Clearance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document