Choroid Plexus of the Fourth Ventricle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle

scholarly journals Antenatal betamethasone exposure is associated with lower ANG-(1–7) and increased ACE in the CSF of adult sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (7) ◽  
pp. R679-R688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson C. Marshall ◽  
Hossam A. Shaltout ◽  
Nancy T. Pirro ◽  
James C. Rose ◽  
Debra I. Diz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Ace Activity ◽  
And Control

Antenatal betamethasone (BM) therapy accelerates lung development in preterm infants but may induce early programming events with long-term cardiovascular consequences. To elucidate these events, we developed a model of programming whereby pregnant ewes are administered BM (2 doses of 0.17 mg/kg) or vehicle at the 80th day of gestation and offspring are delivered at term. BM-exposed (BMX) offspring develop elevated blood pressure; decreased baroreflex sensitivity; and alterations in the circulating, renal, and brain renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) by 6 mo of age. We compared components of the choroid plexus fourth ventricle (ChP4) and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) RAS between control and BMX male offspring at 6 mo of age. In the choroid plexus, high-molecular-weight renin protein and ANG I-intact angiotensinogen were unchanged between BMX and control animals. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity was threefold higher than either neprilysin (NEP) or angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) in control and BMX animals. Moreover, all three enzymes were equally enriched by approximately 2.5-fold in ChP4 brush-border membrane preparations. CSF ANG-(1–7) levels were significantly lower in BMX animals (351.8 ± 76.8 vs. 77.5 ± 29.7 fmol/mg; P < 0.05) and ACE activity was significantly higher (6.6 ± 0.5 vs. 8.9 ± 0.5 fmol·min−1·ml−1; P < 0.05), whereas ACE2 and NEP activities were below measurable limits. A thiol-sensitive peptidase contributed to the majority of ANG-(1–7) metabolism in the CSF, with higher activity in BMX animals. We conclude that in utero BM exposure alters CSF but not ChP RAS components, resulting in lower ANG-(1–7) levels in exposed animals.

Choroid Plexus Cyst of the Fourth Ventricle Associated with Intermittent Obstructive Hydrocephalus

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Riccardo Draghi ◽  
Lorenzo Mongardi ◽  
Riccardo Panzacchi ◽  
Umberto Godano ◽  
Ilaria Barni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Choroid Plexus Cyst

Anatomic Landmarks of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve: A Microsurgical Anatomic Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Faik Özveren ◽  
Uğur Türe ◽  
M. Memet Özek ◽  
M. Necmettin Pamir
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Lateral Recess ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct

Abstract OBJECTIVE Compared with other lower cranial nerves, the glossopharyngeal nerve (GPhN) is well hidden within the jugular foramen, at the infratemporal fossa, and in the deep layers of the neck. This study aims to disclose the course of the GPhN and point out landmarks to aid in its exposure. METHODS The GPhN was studied in 10 cadaveric heads (20 sides) injected with colored latex for microsurgical dissection. The specimens were dissected under the surgical microscope. RESULTS The GPhN can be divided into three portions: cisternal, jugular foramen, and extracranial. The rootlets of the GPhN emerge from the postolivary sulcus and course ventral to the flocculus and choroid plexus of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. The nerve then enters the jugular foramen through the uppermost porus (pars nervosa) and is separated from the vagus and accessory nerves by a fibrous crest. The cochlear aqueduct opens to the roof of this porus. On four sides in the cadaver specimens (20%), the GPhN traversed a separate bony canal within the jugular foramen; no separate canal was found in the other cadavers. In all specimens, the Jacobson's (tympanic) nerve emerged from the inferior ganglion of the GPhN, and the Arnold's (auricular branch of the vagus) nerve also consisted of branches from the GPhN. The GPhN exits from the jugular foramen posteromedial to the styloid process and the styloid muscles. The last four cranial nerves and the internal jugular vein pass through a narrow space between the transverse process of the atlas (C1) and the styloid process. The styloid muscles are a pyramid shape, the tip of which is formed by the attachment of the styloid muscles to the styloid process. The GPhN crosses to the anterior side of the stylopharyngeus muscle at the junction of the stylopharyngeus, middle constrictor, and hyoglossal muscles, which are at the base of the pyramid. The middle constrictor muscle forms a wall between the GPhN and the hypoglossal nerve in this region. Then, the GPhN gives off a lingual branch and deepens to innervate the pharyngeal mucosa. CONCLUSION Two landmarks help to identify the GPhN in the subarachnoid space: the choroid plexus of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle and the dural entrance porus of the jugular foramen. The opening of the cochlear aqueduct, the mastoid canaliculus, and the inferior tympanic canaliculus are three landmarks of the GPhN within the jugular foramen. Finally, the base of the styloid process, the base of the styloid pyramid, and the transverse process of the atlas serve as three landmarks of the GPhN at the extracranial region in the infratemporal fossa.

Ossified choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle: elucidation of the mechanism of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Manjila ◽  
Erin Miller ◽  
Amad Awadallah ◽  
Shunichi Murakami ◽  
Mark L. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Pluripotent Cell ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Mature Bone

True ossification within benign brain tumors is rare, and the molecular mechanism for this process is poorly understood. The authors report a case of ossified choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and analyze it to help elucidate the underlying molecular basis of osteogenesis in benign brain tumors. A 21-year-old man presented with headache and depression that progressed over years. Computed tomography, MRI, and angiography demonstrated a large heavily calcified fourth ventricular tumor with a vascular blush and no hydrocephalus. The tumor was resected and was found to be an ossified CPP. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF, Sox2, BMP-2, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin was performed in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of bone formation. The tumor was extensively ossified with mature bone trabeculae. Immunostaining for VEGF was positive. Additional staining showed the presence of osteocalcin in this ossified tumor but not in samples of nonossified CPPs collected from other patients. Staining for osterix and osteopontin was equivocally positive in the ossified CPP but also in the nonossified CPPs examined. The presence of osteocalcin in the ossified CPP demonstrates that there is true bone formation rather than simple calcification. Its appearance within cells around the trabeculae suggests the presence of osteoblasts. The presence of osterix suggests that a pluripotent cell, or one that is already partially differentiated, may be differentiated into an osteoblast through this pathway. This represents the first systematic immunohistochemical analysis of osteogenesis within choroid plexus tumors.

scholarly journals Non‐visualization of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle as first‐trimester predictor of posterior fossa anomalies and chromosomal defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinez‐Ten ◽  
T. Illescas ◽  
B. Adiego ◽  
M. Estevez ◽  
C. Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chromosomal Defects

Suprasellar seeding of a benign choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle with local recurrence

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irsutti ◽  
M. Thorn-Kany ◽  
P. Arrué ◽  
J. Richaud ◽  
J. C. Sol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Plexus Papilloma

Acinar choroid plexus adenoma of the fourth ventricle

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farroukh Ajir ◽  
Krisada Chanbusarakum ◽  
J. Craig Bolles
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle

Surgical treatment for choroid plexus tumors in the fourth ventricle: brain stem infiltration hinders total extirpation

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Kumabe ◽  
Miki Fujimura ◽  
Hidefumi Jokura ◽  
Teiji Tominaga
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document