Quantum Entanglement Nature of Relativity of Angular Momentum and Inertia of Rotating Bodies

Like the eletron, the photon carries spin and orbital angular momentum caused by the polarization and the spatial phase distribution of light, respectively. Since the first observation of an optical vortex beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM), the use of an optical vortex beam has led to further studies on the light-matter interaction, the quantum nature of light, and a number of applications. In this article, using a metasurface with geometrical phase, we introduce the fundamental origins and some important applications of light with spin-orbit angular momentum as examples, including optical vortex tweezer and quantum entanglement of the spin-orbital angular momentum.

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Quantum entanglement of orbital angular momentum

The Angular Momentum of Light ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511795213.017 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 385-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. P. Van Exter ◽

E. R. Eliel ◽

J. P. Woerdman

Keyword(s):

Angular Momentum ◽

Quantum Entanglement ◽

Orbital Angular Momentum

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Twisted photon entanglement through turbulent air across Vienna

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1517574112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (46) ◽

pp. 14197-14201 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Mario Krenn ◽

Johannes Handsteiner ◽

Matthias Fink ◽

Robert Fickler ◽

Anton Zeilinger

Keyword(s):

Angular Momentum ◽

Quantum Entanglement ◽

Quantum Communication ◽

Entangled States ◽

Phase Front ◽

Quantum Channels ◽

Long Distance ◽

Large Alphabet ◽

Large State Space ◽

Promising Application

Photons with a twisted phase front can carry a discrete, in principle, unbounded amount of orbital angular momentum (OAM). The large state space allows for complex types of entanglement, interesting both for quantum communication and for fundamental tests of quantum theory. However, the distribution of such entangled states over large distances was thought to be infeasible due to influence of atmospheric turbulence, indicating a serious limitation on their usefulness. Here we show that it is possible to distribute quantum entanglement encoded in OAM over a turbulent intracity link of 3 km. We confirm quantum entanglement of the first two higher-order levels (with OAM=± 1ℏ and ± 2ℏ). They correspond to four additional quantum channels orthogonal to all that have been used in long-distance quantum experiments so far. Therefore, a promising application would be quantum communication with a large alphabet. We also demonstrate that our link allows access to up to 11 quantum channels of OAM. The restrictive factors toward higher numbers are technical limitations that can be circumvented with readily available technologies.

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Quantum entanglement of angular momentum states with quantum numbers up to 10,010

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1616889113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (48) ◽

pp. 13642-13647 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Robert Fickler ◽

Geoff Campbell ◽

Ben Buchler ◽

Ping Koy Lam ◽

Anton Zeilinger

Keyword(s):

Angular Momentum ◽

Quantum Entanglement ◽

Optical Tweezers ◽

Information Science ◽

Angular Resolution ◽

Single Photon ◽

Single Photons ◽

Quantum Numbers ◽

Mechanical Prediction ◽

Spiral Phase

Photons with a twisted phase front carry a quantized amount of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and have become important in various fields of optics, such as quantum and classical information science or optical tweezers. Because no upper limit on the OAM content per photon is known, they are also interesting systems to experimentally challenge quantum mechanical prediction for high quantum numbers. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed technique to imprint unprecedented high values of OAM, namely spiral phase mirrors, to generate photons with more than 10,000 quanta of OAM. Moreover, we demonstrate quantum entanglement between these large OAM quanta of one photon and the polarization of its partner photon. To our knowledge, this corresponds to entanglement with the largest quantum number that has been demonstrated in an experiment. The results may also open novel ways to couple single photons to massive objects, enhance angular resolution, and highlight OAM as a promising way to increase the information capacity of a single photon.

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Quantum Mechanics

10.1017/9781108525848 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arjun Berera ◽

Luigi Del Debbio

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Quantum Mechanics ◽

Angular Momentum ◽

Quantum Information ◽

Quantum Entanglement ◽

Quantum States ◽

Quantum Mechanical ◽

Mathematical Skills ◽

Key Concepts ◽

Modern Textbook

Designed for a two-semester advanced undergraduate or graduate level course, this distinctive and modern textbook provides students with the physical intuition and mathematical skills to tackle even complex problems in quantum mechanics with ease and fluency. Beginning with a detailed introduction to quantum states and Dirac notation, the book then develops the overarching theoretical framework of quantum mechanics, before explaining physical quantum mechanical properties such as angular momentum and spin. Symmetries and groups in quantum mechanics, important components of current research, are covered at length. The second part of the text focuses on applications, and includes a detailed chapter on quantum entanglement, one of the most exciting modern applications of quantum mechanics, and of key importance in quantum information and computation. Numerous exercises are interspersed throughout the text, expanding upon key concepts and further developing students' understanding. A fully worked solutions manual and lecture slides are available for instructors.

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