scholarly journals Triangular Part of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Triangular Part

scholarly journals The anterior sylvian point and the suprasylvian operculum

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas ◽  
Eduardo Carvalhal Ribas ◽  
Consuelo Junqueira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Triangular Part ◽  
Exact Location ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
Burr Holes ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Object The sylvian fissure or lateral sulcus is the most identifiable feature of the superolateral brain surface and constitutes the main microneurosurgical corridor, given the high frequency of approachable intracranial lesions through this route. The anterior sylvian point (ASyP) divides this fissure in its main anterior and posterior rami and was evaluated in this study for its morphology, exact location, and sulcal and neural relationships to assess its suitability as an initial, visually identifiable landmark for further neuroimaging and intraoperative estimation of its adjoining suprasylvian structures. Methods This study is based on 32 formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres. The brains were removed from the skulls of 16 cadavers after the introduction of plastic catheters through properly positioned burr holes; the number of specimens for some of the analyzed data differed because of incorrect positioning of catheters or damage to the studied structures caused by the initial steps of the study. The ASyP had a cisternal aspect in 94% of the specimens and was always located inferior to the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, 2.3 ± 0.5 cm in front of the inferior rolandic point. The ASyP was located underneath the 1.5-cm-diameter cranial area of the anterior aspect of the squamous suture. Its adjoining structures that compose the suprasylvian operculum have constant basic morphological configurations. Conclusions The ASyP underlies the anterior aspect of squamous suture just behind the pterion, can be easily recognized, and constitutes a reliable initial sulcal landmark for further estimation of the suprasylvian sulcal and gyral structures. The suprasylvian operculum can be understood as a series of convolutions roughly arranged as a V-shaped convolution, with its vertex constituted by the ASyP, followed by three U-shaped convolutions and one C-shaped convolution.

scholarly journals Contribution of Inflammation and Hypoperfusion to White Matter Hyperintensities-Related Cognitive Impairment

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Juan Huang ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ming-Xu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Triangular Part ◽  
Orbital Part

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of presumed vascular origin are one of the most important neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which are closely associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of WMHs from the perspective of inflammation and hypoperfusion mechanisms. A total of 65 patients with WMHs and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Inflammatory markers measurements [hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)], cognitive evaluation, and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) MRI scanning were performed in all the subjects. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 was an independent risk factor for WMHs. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the whole brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), left orbital medial frontal gyrus [MFG.L (orbital part)], left middle temporal gyrus (MTG.L), and right thalamus (Tha.R) in the patients was lower than those in the controls and CBF in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus [IFG.L (triangular part)] was higher in the patients than in the controls. There was a significant correlation between Lp-PLA2 levels and CBF in the whole brain (R = −0.417, p < 0.001) and GM (R = −0.278, p = 0.025), but not in the WM in the patients. Moreover, CBF in the MFG.L (orbital part) and the Tha.R was, respectively, negatively associated with the trail making test (TMT) and the Stroop color word test (SCWT), suggesting the higher CBF, the better executive function. The CBF in the IFG.L (triangular part) was negatively correlated with attention scores in the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Chinese Version (CAMCOG-C) subitems (R = −0.288, p = 0.020). Our results revealed the vascular inflammation roles in WMHs, which may through the regulation of CBF in the whole brain and GM. Additionally, CBF changes in different brain regions may imply a potential role in the modulation of cognitive function in different domains.

scholarly journals Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Posterior Cingulate Cortex Correlates With Phonemic Verbal Fluency Deficits in Major Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danian Li ◽  
Hanyue Zhang ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liang ◽  
Yaoping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Triangular Part ◽  
The Right

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients face an increased risk of developing cognitive impairments. One of the prominent cognitive impairments in MDD patients is verbal fluency deficit. Nonetheless, it is not clear which vulnerable brain region in MDD is interactively linked to verbal fluency deficit. It is important to gain an improved understanding for verbal fluency deficit in MDD.Methods: Thirty-four MDD patients and 34 normal controls (NCs) completed resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scan and a set of verbal fluency tests (semantic VFT and phonemic VFT). Fourteen brain regions from five brain networks/systems (central executive network, default mode network, salience network, limbic system, cerebellum) based on their vital role in MDD neuropathology were selected as seeds for functional connectivity (FC) analyses with the voxels in the whole brain. Finally, correlations between the z-score of the FCs from clusters showing significant between-group difference and z-score of the VFTs were calculated using Pearson correlation analyses.Results: Increased FCs in MDD patients vs. NCs were identified between the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part), in which the increased FC between the right PCC and the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) was positively correlated with the z score of phonemic VFT in the MDD patients. Moreover, decreased FCs were identified between the right hippocampal gyrus and PCC, as well as left cerebellum Crus II and right parahippocampal gyrus in MDD patients vs. NCs.Conclusions: The MDD patients have altered FCs among key brain regions in the default mode network, the central executive network, the limbic system, and the cerebellum. The increased FC between the right PCC and the right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) may be useful to better characterize pathophysiology of MDD and functional correlates of the phonemic verbal fluency deficit in MDD.

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus following reversal of consistent stimulus-stop mappings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisy Best ◽  
Tobias Stevens ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Ian P. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

No modulation of experimentally-induced pain by navigation-guided rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Menzler ◽  
A Welk ◽  
S Knake ◽  
WH Oertel ◽  
K Schepelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Motor theory modulated by task load: strategies of phonological processing in frontal aphasia revealed by tDCS over the LIFG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Paul A. Pope ◽  
Peter Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
The Individual

In our previous studies we supported the claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load. Motoric participation in phonological processing increases from speech perception to speech production, with the endpoints of the dorsal stream having changing and complementary weightings for processing: the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) being increasingly relevant and the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) being decreasingly relevant. Our previous results for neurostimulation of the LIFG support this model. In this study we investigated whether our claim that the motor theory is modulated by task load holds in (frontal) aphasia. Person(s) with aphasia (PWA) after stroke typically have damage on brain areas responsible for phonological processing. They may present variable patterns of recovery and, consequently, variable strategies of phonological processing. Here these strategies were investigated in two PWA with simultaneous fMRI and tDCS of the LIFG during speech perception and speech production tasks. Anodal tDCS excitation and cathodal tDCS inhibition should increase with the relevance of the target for the task. Cathodal tDCS over a target of low relevance could also induce compensation by the remaining nodes. Responses of PWA to tDCS would further depend on their pattern of recovery. Responses would depend on the responsiveness of the perilesional area, and could be weaker than in controls due to an overall hypoactivation of the cortex. Results suggest that the analysis of motor codes for articulation during phonological processing remains in frontal aphasia and that tDCS is a promising diagnostic tool to investigate the individual processing strategies.

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